Search

Marijuana and its extracts are derived from Cannabis sativa, a type of hemp plant that contains active compounds called cannabinoids. As with many drugs, regular use of marijuana can result in dependence. Cannabis dependence is defined as a problematic pattern of use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress. Symptoms of dependence include using cannabis in larger amounts or over a longer period than was prescribed or intended, making unsuccessful efforts to cut down or control cannabis use, and spending time in activities necessary to obtain, use, or recover from cannabis effects. Signs and symptoms of withdrawal include irritability, anger, anxiety, difficulty sleeping, abdominal pain, fever, chills, and severe headache. Once an accurate diagnosis of marijuana dependence has been made, pharmacological and psychosocial treatment options can be considered. Although a literature review indicates insufficient evidence for a single broadly and consistently effective pharmacological treatment for cannabinoid dependence, adjunctive treatment for nausea, anxiety, and insomnia can be helpful. Replacement therapy and short-term dose tapering with synthetic cannabinoids may also be used to manage withdrawal symptoms. Studies of motivational enhancement therapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and contingency management for treating marijuana dependence have shown promising results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]