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Having the distinction of being one of the most extensively employed piezoelectric ceramic materials worldwide and multi-faceted, lead zirconate titanate (PZT) has numerous applications and characteristics. In 1954, a remarkable discovery happened at the Tokyo Institute of Technology, which was the development of PZT. Due to its excellent dielectric constant, piezoelectric value, polarization, high Curie temperature, and flexibility, it has been widely used in the field of mechanical engineering, along with other branches of sciences. The main interest of this review article is to describe the significance and involvement of PZT in the field of mechanical engineering. This article starts with a brief review of the history of PZT, after that different synthesis methods, and applications of PZT in relevance to the field of mechanical engineering have been discussed. Finally, this article concludes with the future scope of PZT in the field of mechanical engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Civil engineering is not just about construction of buildings, towers, bridges etc. but also of their caring and maintenances. For this purpose all the constructed structures have to be monitored for their structural health in terms of damage detection, severity of damage etc., collectively called structural health monitoring (SHM) of structures in civil engineering. For SHM, electromagnetic impedance (EMI) technique is one of the best methods of NDTs being used in the field of civil engineering. EMI uses lead zirconate titnate (PZT) as its piezoelectric component for the purpose of measurement. PZT based devices are widely used in civil engineering. There is a huge demand for health monitoring now a days and to full fill those demands of health monitoring, PZT is one among the most reliable and cost efficient material. Piezoelectric sensor can be used to measure changes in acceleration, strain, pressure and to ensure the better safety measures. These PZT based sensors can be used for predicting the natural disasters like earthquake that helps to save the thousands of lives and can decrease property lose. The piezoelectric sensors can be used to monitor the civil structure which helps an engineer to analyses the characteristics of that structure. It is also used for collecting the data of force that is being exerted on the ground by the building, temperatures and pressure differences in environment etc. Damage detection is a technique that is used to monitor the civil structure, this can improve safety and ensure durability, and for concrete structures, damage detection plays an important role. For the purpose of SHM and damage detection PZT based sensors can be used. For civil engineering applications, PZT-cement based composites have been developed. The concrete and host structure such PZT-cement based composites shows better matching when compared to normal or other piezoelectric ceramics. In this review work we have discussed about SHM/Damage detection, Vibrational control, PZT embedded cement composites and PZT embedded in concrete. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, detailed studies of effect of small amount of manganese substitution (at the zirconium site) on the structural, micro-structural, and electrical characteristics of lead zirconate titanate of Pb(Zr0.35–xMnxTi0.65)O3;x = 0, 0.02, 0.06, 0.10 (PZMT)) have been reported. The materials were prepared by using standard ceramic technology. The formation of the compounds and their basic crystal data have been studied through X-ray diffraction (XRD) method. The crystallite size and lattice strain of the compounds, evaluated from Scherrer's and Hall Williamson (H-W) equations, is found to be in the range of 40–50 nm and 11 × 10−4 to 50 × 10−4, respectively. Microstructures of different magnifications, revealing the surface nature of the compounds, have been recorded by field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM). Effect of Mn+4 ions on electrical behavior (electrical impedance (Z*), electrical modulus (M*), conduction and relaxation phenomenon) of PZMT systems, over wide range of temperature and frequency, has been studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead zirconate titanate (PZT) samples were prepared near morphotropical phase boundary (MPB) (i.e., Pb(Zr0.52-xMnxTi0.48)O3 (x = 0, 0.02, 0.06, 0.10)). These samples were prepared using solid-state reaction technique. Formation of compounds was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD), as a part of our preliminary structural analysis. We observed a significant change in grain size and density on the sample surface due to substitution of Mn. This microstructural analysis of the sample surface was done by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Tc shift, dielectric constant improvement and reduction in the disordering of the material were observed while doing the detailed studies of the dielectric properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high-temperature solid-state reaction technique was used to prepare the polycrystalline samples of Cerium (Ce) modified lead zirconate titanate with Zr/Ti ratio 65:35 (i.e., Pb(Zr0.65-xCexTi0.35)O3 (PZCT)). Preliminary X-ray structural analysis exhibits the formation of the new compositions of PZT. In order to study the compositional effects on the electrical properties (complex impedance Z*, complex modulus M*, electrical conductivity and relaxation mechanisms) of PZCT, a nondestructive experimental technique (i.e., complex impedance spectroscopy) was used. The complex impedance analysis with Nyquist plots shows that the impedance parameters of all the PZCT samples contain bulk effect. The presence of single arc in the complex modulus spectra of PZCT confirms the single phase of PZCT with high relaxation time. The asymmetric behaviour of semi-circular arcs and shifting of peaks suggest the existence of non-Debye (Cole-Cole) type of relaxation mechanism in the PZCT systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]