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Manganese dioxide has been significantly utilized in zinc ion batteries (ZIBs). However, in the rechargeable battery system, the manganese dioxide cathode suffers from poor conductivity, volume expansion, and substance dissolution, resulting in low capacity and poor stability. Herein, a 3D frame structure MnO2@CNTs cathode is proposed. In this system, the electrodeposited spherical MnO2 is anchored and interlinked via the in‐situ growth carbon nanotubes (CNTs) onto the carbon cloth. Benefiting the unique 3D frame structure, the MnO2 structure crush problem and the pathway of the electrons and ions are dramatically improved. The optimized MnO2@CNTs cathode demonstrate a high capacity of 256.35 mAh g−1 at 0.1 A g−1 and exceptional cycling stability. Furthermore, in‐situ Raman spectroscopy elucidates the energy storage mechanism of aqueous ZIBs (AZIBs). Moreover, COMSOL finite elements analysis demonstrates that the petal edge‐rich nanostructures of MnO2@CNTs generate a localized high electric field under constant current, accelerating ion/electron transfer. This work explains the rationale for CNTs to improve the properties of MnO2 cathodes, providing a new perspective for the design of high‐performance batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In deep carbonate reservoirs, testing and production with open-hole completion can help release the maximum production capacity. However, because the reservoir is subjected to high in situ stress, if the test pressure differential is too large, the wellbore collapse and instability will occur easily, causing downhole accidents. Therefore, it is necessary to determine the state of the borehole during the open-hole test in the carbonate reservoir and analyze the ultimate test pressure differential accordingly to ensure test safety. Considering the characteristics of open-hole completion, based on the mechanical properties of the carbonate reservoir and the stress distribution around the borehole during testing, a calculation method of the elastic zone, plastic zone, and residual failure zone around the open-hole wellbore was proposed. Regarding actual engineering data, a criterion for the overall stability of the open-hole section had been established from three aspects: the volume ratio of the plastic zone; the failure zone around the wellbore; and the failure angle on the borehole wall. According to this criterion, it is possible to determine the ultimate pressure differential during the open-hole test process and provide theoretical support for designing the open-hole completion test and production parameters for deep carbonate reservoirs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgery is the mainstay of lung cancer treatment options. Traditionally, lobectomy has held its place as the gold standard for treating localized lung cancer, while sublobar resection, including wedge resection and segmentectomy, was primarily considered as an alternative, often reserved for patient ineligible to sustain a radical intervention. However, with the widespread application of computed tomography (CT) to clinical practice, the increasing detection rate of pulmonary ground glass nodules (GGNs) has reshaped this landscape. Ground glass opacity (GGO) in persistent lung nodules is an indicative factor of a favorable prognosis, typically corresponding to pathological changes such as atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH), adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), or adenocarcinomas predominantly featuring a lepidic growth pattern. A large number of retrospective studies have shown that sublobar resection can achieve satisfactory therapeutic outcomes for such lesions. A series of prospective studies from Japan have confirmed that for early-stage lung cancers dominated by GGOs, sublobar resection is also a viable curative surgical option. The follow-up data showed that there was no statistical difference in the survival status of these patients compared with that of pulmonary lobectomy. This article aims to delve into the role of limited lung resection in the context of lung adenocarcinoma presenting with GGO features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is not only thrust but also normal force between the primary and secondary components for the single‐side flat plate permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM). The normal force will fluctuate periodically, which will cause friction perturbation and finally affect the positioning accuracy of linear feed system. For the single‐side flat plate PMLSM, the variation law of normal force ripple under the coupling effect of multiple effects is studied, and the method of primary component segmental design to suppress it is proposed. Firstly, the influence of the cogging effect, the end effect and the armature reaction on the normal force ripple is analysed. Meanwhile the mathematical model of normal force ripple is established. Secondly, the PMLSM with segmental primary component is introduced and its suppression mechanism to the normal force ripple is expounded. On this basis, a scheme combining the non‐integer pole slot matching with the primary component segmental design is proposed to further suppress the normal force ripple. Finally, an 18‐slot 96/5‐pole prototype is taken as an example to carry out the finite element simulation and experimental test, of which the results verify the research theory in this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalytic alkyne semihydrogenation under mild conditions is a more attractive approach for alkene production than industrial routes but suffers from either low production efficiency or high energy consumption. Here, we describe a tandem catalytic concept that overcomes these challenges. Component (i), which can trap hydrogen effectively, is partnered with component (ii), which can readily release hydrogen for hydrogenation, to enable efficient generation of active hydrogen on component (i) at low overpotentials and timely (i)‐to‐(ii) hydrogen spillover and facile desorptive hydrogenation on component (ii). We examine this concept over bicomponent palladium‐copper catalysts for the production of representative 2‐methyl‐3‐butene‐2‐ol (MBE) from 2‐methyl‐3‐butyne‐2‐ol (MBY) and achieve a record high MBE production rate of 1.44 mmol h−1 cm−2 and a Faraday efficiency of ~88.8 % at a low energy consumption of 1.26 kWh kgMBE−1. With these catalysts, we further achieve 60 h continuous production of MBE with record high profit space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrocatalytic alkyne semihydrogenation under mild conditions is a more attractive approach for alkene production than industrial routes but suffers from either low production efficiency or high energy consumption. Here, we describe a tandem catalytic concept that overcomes these challenges. Component (i), which can trap hydrogen effectively, is partnered with component (ii), which can readily release hydrogen for hydrogenation, to enable efficient generation of active hydrogen on component (i) at low overpotentials and timely (i)‐to‐(ii) hydrogen spillover and facile desorptive hydrogenation on component (ii). We examine this concept over bicomponent palladium‐copper catalysts for the production of representative 2‐methyl‐3‐butene‐2‐ol (MBE) from 2‐methyl‐3‐butyne‐2‐ol (MBY) and achieve a record high MBE production rate of 1.44 mmol h−1 cm−2 and a Faraday efficiency of ~88.8 % at a low energy consumption of 1.26 kWh kgMBE−1. With these catalysts, we further achieve 60 h continuous production of MBE with record high profit space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The vapor–solid reaction technique holds potential for producing large‐scale organic–inorganic perovskite films, using a two‐step deposition process. The sucess of perovskite formation heavily relies on the crystallization of lead iodide (PbI2) precursor films. However, the high crystallinity of PbI2 can hinder organic vapors' diffusion and negatively affecting the solar cells by increasing charge recombination and accelerating degradation. To address this, pyridinium trifluoromethanesulfonate (PTFS) is introduced into the PbI2 precursor solution to control the nucleation and growth of PbI2 films. PTFS has been found to effectively suppresses PbI2 crystallization and enhance the integration of formamidinium ion (FA+) through hydrogen bonding, facilitating the full transformation of PbI2 into perovskite. It also minimizes defect formation by interacting with uncoordinated Pb2+ and FA+ ions. These modifications have significantly enhanced power conversion efficiency (PCE), reaching up to 21.19%, and the devices have maintained 93% of their initial performance after 1580 h of exposure to air. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Subclinical hypothyroidism (SH) increases the risk of cardiovascular events, however the influence of SH on prognosis of ejection fraction preserved heart failure (HFpEF) is not fully understood. Methods: In this prospective observational study, patients with HFpEF were divided into euthyroidism group (n = 413) and SH group (n = 79). Patients were followed up for at least 30 months to examine the association between SH and cardiovascular events in patients with HFpEF. The primary end point was composite cardiovascular events (cardiovascular death and re-hospitalization). The patients underwent flow-mediated dilation (FMD) measurement by ultrasound in order to value endothelial function. Results: The rate of composite cardiovascular events was higher in SH group than in euthyroidism group (54.49% and 26.36%, respectively; p < 0.001). The higher risk of cardiovascular events in SH group was primarily due to a higher risk of re-hospitalization compared to euthyroidism group (45.56% and 20.58%, respectively; p < 0.001). The rate of cardiovascular death was higher in SH group than in euthyroidism group (13.92% and 5.81%, respectively; p = 0.017). Cox proportional hazards regression showed that SH (hazard ratios [HR] 1.921, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.139– 3.240), level of TSH (HR 1.025, 95% CI 1.010– 1.054), age (HR 1.017, 95% CI 1.002– 1.034), LVEF (HR 0.975, 95% CI 0.953– 0.996), atrial fibrillation (HR 1.581, 95% CI 1.083– 2.307), eGFR (HR 0.987, 95% CI 0.978– 0.997), and NYHA cardiac function (HR 2.342, 95% CI 1.649– 3.326) were independent predictors of cardiovascular events in patients with HFpEF (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Subclinical hypothyroidism was associated with increased cardiovascular events and death in patients with HFpEF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Developing advanced fire-safe and self-energy-supplied wood materials is of significant importance for environmental science, wearable electronics, and human–machine communication, as witnessed in the concept of smart living. However, knowing how to simultaneously achieve high flame retardancy and strong triboelectric effects remains critical for such sustainable materials. Here, we demonstrate a wood-based triboelectric nanogenerator with simultaneous high fire-safety and triboelectric energy generation performances. The incorporation of a polar polycationic polymer offers significantly enhanced triboelectric effects to natural woods, generating an output power density of 119.7 mW m−2. The P–N synergistic flame retardancy enables the high fire-safety of the nanogenerators in terms of a condensed and vapor phase flame retardant mechanism. Notably, the nanogenerators exhibit self-extinguishing behavior, and over 32% and 73% of the electrical output is still retained even after continual exposure to a flame for 50 s or in the case of the damaged area covering 60% of the nanogenerator, respectively. We further demonstrate applications of the nanogenerators for self-powered wireless fire alarm , emergency rescue guidance, and real-time motion monitoring. Utilizing the structural design involving polar N-containing polycationic polymers to enhance triboelectric performance and confer fire resistance offers an effective approach for developing advanced wood materials geared towards intelligent buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the deep well drilling process in the Fukang Depression of the Eastern Junggar Basin, rock fracturing issues and low rate of penetration (ROP) have posed significant challenges to drilling efficiency. Accurate predictions of ROP prior to drilling are of considerable value in this context. Precise predictions enable on-site engineering teams to proactively identify drilling difficulties and anticipate potential complex scenarios, facilitating them in designing preventive measures in advance, such as selecting appropriate drill bits, adjusting drilling parameters, or employing specific drilling techniques to address these issues. This, in turn, enhances drilling efficiency and greatly reduces drilling risks. Traditional mechanical-specific energy drilling rate models, despite their widespread use, exhibit significant disparities with actual results when predicting ROP. These models only consider the influence of drill bits, drilling tools, and some drilling parameters on ROP, failing to adequately account for the variations caused by engineering factors and failing to capture the interrelationships between various parameters, especially when dealing with complex subsurface formations in the Fukang Depression. Random forest is a non-parametric algorithm in the field of machine learning that is suitable for analyzing and predicting ROP affected by various complex and non-linear drilling parameters. This paper establishes a Random forest model based on a dataset containing multiple variables of logging parameters and the actual ROP. The model ranks and assesses the important feature parameters of ROP to reveal their impact. Additionally, the model uses bootstrap sampling and feature random selection to construct multiple decision trees, reducing the risk of overfitting and endowing the model with a high generalization capability. Evaluation metrics indicate that the model exhibits a high prediction accuracy and performs well, significantly improving the accuracy of mechanical drilling rate predictions in the deep wells of the Fukang Depression. This model provides robust support and serves as a positive demonstration for addressing mechanical drilling rate issues in complex subsurface formations in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the hard Lefschetz property on compact symplectic solvmanifolds, i.e., compact quotients M = ΓG of a simply-connected solvable Lie group G by a lattice Γ, admitting a symplectic structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we study the symplectic cohomologies and symplectic harmonic forms. Based on this, we establish a vanishing theorem on the L 2 harmonic forms on some complete symplectic manifolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Formation leak-off pressure, which sets the upper limit of the safe drilling fluid density window, is crucial for preventing wellbore accidents and ensuring safe and efficient drilling operations. The paper thoroughly examines models of drilling physics alongside artificial intelligence techniques. The study introduces a dual-driven method for predicting reservoir pore pressure by integrating long short-term memory (LSTM) and backpropagation (BP) neural networks, where the core component is the LSTM-BP neural network model. The input data for the LSTM-BP model include wellbore diameter, formation density, sonic time, natural gamma, mud content, and pore pressure. The study demonstrates the practical application of the method using two vertical wells in Block M, employing the M-1 well for training and the M-2 well for validation. Two distinct input layer configurations are devised for the LSTM-BP model to evaluate the influence of formation density on prediction accuracy. Notably, Scheme 2 omits formation density as a variable in contrast to Scheme 1. The study's results indicate that, for input layer configurations corresponding to Scenario 1 and Scenario 2, the LSTM-BP model exhibits relative error ranges of (−2.467%, 2.510%) and (−6.141%, 5.201%) on the test set, respectively. In Scenario 1, the model achieves mean squared error (MSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and R-squared (R2) values of 0.000229935, 0.011198329, and 0.92178272, respectively, on the test set. Conversely, for Scenario 2, the model demonstrates a substantial escalation of 992.393% and 240.674% in MSE and MAE, respectively, compared to Scenario 1; however, R2 diminishes by 66.920%. Utilizing the trained LSTM-BP model, predictions for formation lost pressure in Well M-2 reveal linear correlation coefficients of 0.8173 and 0.6451 corresponding to Scenario 1 and Scenario 2, respectively. These findings imply that the predictions from the Scenario 1 model demonstrate stronger alignment with results derived from formulaic calculations. These observations remain consistent for both the BP neural network algorithm and the random forest algorithm. The aforementioned research results not only highlight the elevated predictive precision of the LSTM-BP model for intelligent prediction of formation lost pressure, a product of this study, thereby furnishing valuable data points to enhance the security of drilling operations in Block M, but also underscore the necessity of deliberating both physical relevance and data correlation during the selection of input layer variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a 3-D transient electromagnetic inversion method based on explicit finite-difference forward modeling. For forward modeling, we calculate the whole-space initial field excited by magnetic dipole sources at an initial time after the current is switched off and apply Maxwell's equations on time using the modified DuFort–Frankel method and staggered grids. For inversion, we use the least squares optimization method. We test the inversion method using synthetic and field data. The conductivity brick is recovered well in synthetic. The inversion results of field data are consistent with the known geological conditions. The synthetic and field examples show that the inversion method based on explicit finite-difference forward modeling is effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, there has been significant research and practical application of machine learning methods for predicting reservoir pore pressure. However, these studies frequently concentrate solely on reservoir blocks exhibiting normal-pressure conditions. Currently, there exists a scarcity of research addressing the prediction of pore pressure within reservoir blocks characterized by abnormally high pressures. In light of this, the present paper introduces a machine learning-based approach to predict pore pressure within reservoir blocks exhibiting abnormally high pressures. The methodology is demonstrated using the X block as a case study. Initially, the combination of the density–sonic velocity crossplot and the Bowers method is favored for elucidating the overpressure-to-compact mechanism within the X block. The elevated pressure within the lower reservoir is primarily attributed to the pressure generated during hydrocarbon formation. The Bowers method has been chosen to forecast the pore pressure in well X-1. Upon comparison with real pore pressure data, the prediction error is found to be under 5%, thus establishing it as a representative measure of the reservoir's pore pressure. Intelligent prediction models for pore pressure were developed using the KNN, Extra Trees, Random Forest, and LightGBM algorithms. The models utilized five categories of well logging data, sonic time difference (DT), gamma ray (GR), density (ZDEN), neutron porosity (CNCF), and well diameter (CAL), as input. After training and comparison, the results demonstrate that the LightGBM model exhibits significantly superior performance compared to the other models. Specifically, it achieves R2 values of 0.935 and 0.647 on the training and test sets, respectively. The LightGBM model is employed to predict the pore pressure of two wells neighboring well X-1. Subsequently, the predicted data are juxtaposed with the actual pore pressure measurements to conduct error analysis. The achieved prediction accuracy exceeds 90%. This study delivers a comprehensive analysis of pore pressure prediction within sections exhibiting anomalously high pressure, consequently furnishing scientific insights to facilitate both secure and efficient drilling operations within the X block. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: It is true that Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) will increase social burden, especially in developing countries. Urban-rural differences in the lagged effects of PM2.5 and PM10 on COPD mortality remain unclear, in Chongqing, China. Methods: In this study, a distributed lag non-linear model (DLNMs) was established to describe the urban-rural differences in the lagged effects of PM2.5, PM10 and COPD mortality in Chongqing, using 312,917 deaths between 2015 and 2020. Results: According to the DLNMs results, COPD mortality in Chongqing increases with increasing PM2.5 and PM10 concentrations, and the relative risk (RR) of the overall 7-day cumulative effect is higher in rural areas than in urban areas. High values of RR in urban areas occurred at the beginning of exposure (Lag 0 ~ Lag 1). High values of RR in rural areas occur mainly during Lag 1 to Lag 2 and Lag 6 to Lag 7. Conclusion: Exposure to PM2.5 and PM10 is associated with an increased risk of COPD mortality in Chongqing, China. COPD mortality in urban areas has a high risk of increase in the initial phase of PM2.5 and PM10 exposure. There is a stronger lagging effect at high concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 exposure in rural areas, which may further exacerbate inequalities in levels of health and urbanization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The risk and beneficial factors of early discharge after thoracoscopic anatomic lung cancer surgery are unknown, and this study aims to investigate predictors and associated 30‐day readmission for early discharge. Methods: We performed a single‐center retrospective analysis of 10,834 consecutive patients who underwent thoracoscopic anatomic lung cancer surgery. Two groups were determined based on discharge date: "discharged by postoperative Day 2" and "discharged after postoperative Day 2." Univariable and multivariable analysis were conducted to identify predictors for discharge. Using propensity score matching (PSM) to compare 30‐day readmission rate between two cohorts. Results: A total of 1911 patients were discharged by postoperative Day 2. Multivariable analysis identified older age (odds ratio (OR) = 1.014, p < 0.001), male sex (OR = 1.183, p = 0.003), larger tumor size (OR = 1.248, p < 0.001), pleural adhesions (OR = 1.638, p = 0.043), lymph nodes calcification (OR = 1.443, p = 0.009), advanced clinical T stage (vs. T < 2, OR = 1.470, p = 0.010), lobectomy resection (vs. segmentectomy resection, OR = 2.145, p < 0.001) and prolonged operative time (OR = 1.011, p < 0.001) as independent risk factors for discharge after postoperative Day 2. Three adjustable variables including higher FEV1/FVC (OR = 0.989, p = 0.001), general anesthesia (GA) plus thoracic paravertebral blockade (vs. GA alone, OR = 0.823, p = 0.006) and uni‐portal thoracoscopic surgery (vs. multi‐portal, OR = 0.349, p < 0.001) were associated with a decreased likelihood of discharge after postoperative Day 2. Before and after a 1:1 PSM, discharged by postoperative Day 2 did not increase the risk of 30‐day readmission compared to counterparts. Conclusions: Carefully selected patients can be safely discharged within 2 days after thoracoscopic anatomic lung cancer surgery. Three modifiable variables may be favorable for promoting discharge by postoperative Day 2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Hyperinsulinemia impaired cardiovascular system and endothelial function in the population. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationship between hyperinsulinemia and coronary collateral circulation in patients with chronic total coronary occlusion. Methods: Patients with stable angina and at least one total coronary occlusion were enrolled in this study. Collateral grade was determined according to Rentrop's classification. Patients were divided into a good coronary collateral circulation (CCC) group (grade 2 or 3 collateral vessels, n = 223) and a poor CCC group (grade 0 or 1 collateral vessels, n = 115). Fasting insulin level (FINS) and fasting glucose level (FBS) were measured. Endothelial function evaluated by flow-mediated dilation (FMD). Results: Serum FINS level was significantly increased in the poor CCC group (P < 0.01). Patients in the poor CCC group had higher levels of FBS, HbA1C, and homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) than patients in the good CCC group. The poor CCC group also had lower levels of FMD, lower LVEF and higher syntax scores than the good CCC group. Hyperinsulinemia (T3, FINS ≥ 15.22 μIU/mL) increased OR for the incidence of the poor CCC group (OR 2.419, 95% CI 1.780– 3.287) in multivariate analysis. Multivariate logistic regression also revealed that diabetes, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, HDL-C and Syntax score were independent predictors of poor CCC (all P < 0.05). Conclusion: Hyperinsulinemia is a valuable predictor of poor collateral formation in patients with chronic total coronary occlusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Numerous reports have shown that medical treatment confers excellent survival benefits to patients with advanced stage IV non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, the implications of surgery for primary lesions as palliative treatment remain inconclusive. Methods: We retrospectively extracted clinical data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program (SEER) database and selected patients with stage IV NSCLC. Patients were classified into non-surgery and surgery groups, and propensity score matching (PSM) analysis was performed to balance the baseline information. Patients in the surgery group, whose overall survival (OS) was longer than the median survival time of those in the non-surgery group, were deemed to benefit from surgery. We evaluated the efficacy of three surgical techniques, namely, local destruction, sub-lobectomy, and lobectomy, on the primary site in the beneficial population. Results: The results of Cox regression analyses revealed that surgery was an independent risk factor for both OS (hazard ratio [HR]: 0.441; confidence interval [CI]: 0.426–0.456; P < 0.001) and cancer-specific survival (CSS) (HR: 0397; CI: 0.380–0.414; P < 0.001). Notably, patients who underwent surgery had a better prognosis than those who did not (OS: P < 0.001; CSS: P < 0.001). Moreover, local destruction and sub-lobectomy significantly compromised survival compared to lobectomy in the beneficial group (P < 0.001). After PSM, patients with stage IV disease who underwent lobectomy needed routine mediastinal lymph node clearing (OS: P = 0.0038; CSS: P = 0.039). Conclusion: Based on these findings, we recommend that patients with stage IV NSCLC undergo palliative surgery for the primary site and that lobectomy plus lymph node resection should be conventionally performed on those who can tolerate the surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bottom hole fluctuating pressure has a large influence on the wellbore instability. To address this problem, firstly, according to the principle of seepage mechanics, we established a calculation model of the change in pore pressure around the wellbore radius under fluctuating pressure; then, through laboratory rock mechanics test and rock damage mechanics theory analysis, the change law of formation strength under the action of static hydration and dynamic damage are determined; finally, based on the theory of rock mechanics in porous media, a quantitative evaluation method for the risk of wellbore instability under fluctuating pressure is established and the changing pattern of wellbore instability risk is analyzed. The results show that the pore pressure around the well shows a trend of fluctuation increase under fluctuating pressure, and there is a certain lag in the fluctuation of pore pressure inside the formation; the longer the muddy shale is immersed in drilling fluid, the greater the reduction in strength; the reduction is greater in the early stage of immersion, and the reduction in strength in water-based drilling fluid is greater than that in oil-based drilling fluid. At the beginning of the pressure cycle, the formation damage variable and compressive strength gradually increase and decrease with the increase of the pressure cycle number; after several cycles, the magnitude of change gradually decreases with the increase of the cycle number. When the bottom hole pressure fluctuates at a certain period, the greater the fluctuation, the shorter the period of wellbore stability; when the bottom hole pressure fluctuates at a certain range, the smaller the fluctuation period, the faster the borehole enters the high-risk period, while the shortest period of wellbore stability occurs when the fluctuation period is smallest; and when the wave cycle is in the middle, the wellbore stability period is the longest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are regional differences in the effect of green space on mortality of Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We conduct an ecological study, using the administrative divisions of Chongqing townships in China as the basic unit, to investigate the association between COPD mortality and green space based on data of 313,013 COPD deaths in Chongqing from 2012 to 2020. Green space is defined by Fractional vegetation cover (FVC), which is further calculated based on the normalised vegetation index (NDVI) from satellite remote sensing imagery maps. Methods: After processing the data, the non-linear relationship between green space and COPD mortality is revealed by generalised additive models; the spatial differences between green space and COPD mortality is described by geographically weighted regression models; and finally, the interpretive power and interaction of each factor on the spatial distribution of COPD mortality is examined by a geographic probe. Results: The results show that the FVC local regression coefficients ranged from − 0.0397 to 0.0478, 63.0% of the regions in Chongqing have a positive correlation between green space and COPD mortality while 37.0% of the regions mainly in the northeast and west have a negative correlation. The interpretive power of the FVC factor on the spatial distribution of COPD mortality is 0.08. Conclusions: Green space may be a potential risk factor for increased COPD mortality in some regions of Chongqing. This study is the first to reveal the relationship between COPD mortality and green space in Chongqing at the township scale, providing a basis for public health policy formulation in Chongqing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The placenta plays a crucial role in mammalian fetal growth. The most important cell type in the placenta is the trophoblast cell. Many genes have been reported to play important functions in the differentiation of early placental trophoblast cells. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) is a systematic biological method for describing the correlation patterns among genes across microarray samples. We used WGCNA to screen placental trophoblast development-related genes, and through experimental confirmation, we showed that, among these genes, ELAC2 may play an important regulatory role in the early development of mammalian placental formation. ELAC2 regulates early placental trophoblast differentiation by affecting cell migration and cell proliferation. In addition, ELAC2 may be involved in regulating cell migration processes in a manner that affects epithelial mesenchymal transition (EMT). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adiposity is widely recognized as one of the risk factors for high blood pressure (BP) and increasing adiposity is associated with elevated BP. However, which measures of adiposity could be most strongly associated with BP in multi-ethnic population remains uncertain, giving rise to implications that population-based adiposity measures could be necessary. Methods: 80,000 multi-ethnic adults recruited from 5 provinces across Southwest China during 2018 ~ 2019 were studied. Multiple linear regression was applied to investigate the associations of systolic blood pressure (SBP) with: (1) two measures of general adiposity, body mass index (BMI) and height-adjusted weight; and (2) three measures of central adiposity, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and waist hip ratio (WHR). Results: Two distinct population-specific patterns were identified, as "BMI to SBP" and "WC to SBP". 90% of the participants fall into "BMI to SBP" pattern, in which the associations of SBP with BMI were independent of WC, and SBP-WC associations were considerably decreased by adjustment for BMI. And in this pattern, 10 kg/m2 greater BMI was associated with 11.9 mm Hg higher SBP on average. As for the rest population (Han males in Yunnan and Tibetans in Lhasa), they are suited for "WC to SBP" pattern, 10 cm wider WC was associated with 3.4 mm Hg higher SBP. Conclusion: Our results indicated that when selecting proper predictors for BP, population-specific adiposity measures are needed, considering ethnicity, sex and residing regions. A better understanding of adiposity and BP may better contribute to the potential clinical practices and developing precision application strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adiposity is widely recognized as one of the risk factors for high blood pressure (BP) and increasing adiposity is associated with elevated BP. However, which measures of adiposity could be most strongly associated with BP in multi-ethnic population remains uncertain, giving rise to implications that population-based adiposity measures could be necessary. Methods: 80,000 multi-ethnic adults recruited from 5 provinces across Southwest China during 2018 ~ 2019 were studied. Multiple linear regression was applied to investigate the associations of systolic blood pressure (SBP) with: (1) two measures of general adiposity, body mass index (BMI) and height-adjusted weight; and (2) three measures of central adiposity, waist circumference (WC), hip circumference (HC) and waist hip ratio (WHR). Results: Two distinct population-specific patterns were identified, as "BMI to SBP" and "WC to SBP". 90% of the participants fall into "BMI to SBP" pattern, in which the associations of SBP with BMI were independent of WC, and SBP-WC associations were considerably decreased by adjustment for BMI. And in this pattern, 10 kg/m2 greater BMI was associated with 11.9 mm Hg higher SBP on average. As for the rest population (Han males in Yunnan and Tibetans in Lhasa), they are suited for "WC to SBP" pattern, 10 cm wider WC was associated with 3.4 mm Hg higher SBP. Conclusion: Our results indicated that when selecting proper predictors for BP, population-specific adiposity measures are needed, considering ethnicity, sex and residing regions. A better understanding of adiposity and BP may better contribute to the potential clinical practices and developing precision application strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anisotropy of subsurface media can affect the seismic wave travel time estimates, and then affect the imaging of target regions. To calibrate the effect of anisotropy, a VTI (transverse isotropy media with vertical symmetry axis) least-squares reverse-time migration (LSRTM) algorithm is used. However, if seismic data contains noise especially the outliers, the high-quality images cannot be produced by LSRTM based on an L2 norm. Considering that Student's t -distribution has better robustness than the L2 norm, this study derives a VTI-LSRTM algorithm based on Student's t-distribution (T-VTI-LSRTM) misfit function. The plane-wave encoding is introduced into the T-VTI-LSRTM to improve the computational efficiency. We conduct numerical tests using the complex models to illustrate the effectiveness and adaptability of the method. The sensitivity analysis of velocity and anisotropy parameters demonstrate that anisotropy and velocity parameters have a distinct effect on imaging results, in which velocity sensitivity is the strongest, then the epsilon and parameter delta sensitivity is the weakest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose was to analyze the comparison of velocity-based resistance training and one-repetition maximum (%1RM) percentage-based training in maximal strength improvement by meta-analyzing and to find the reasons for the controversial findings of different studies. Ten studies were included in the systematic review and seven were subjected to meta-analysis. A total of 139 subjects were selected from the included articles after exclusion, including athletes of different specialties (N=93) and non-athletes mainly from fitness groups (N=46). The overall effect size was SMD=0.26 (95%CL 0.03 to 0.49, P=0.03, I²=0). As for the comparison of the analysis of different intervention objects as subgroups, the effect size of athletes as the subgroup was 0.35 (95%CI 0.06 to 0.64, p=0.02, I²=0), indicating that in the RCT with athletes as the intervention target, the effect of VBRT in improving the maximal strength was significantly different from that of PBT. Velocity-based resistance training might be more effective than percentage-based training in maximal strength improvement, in which velocity-based resistance training is more suitable for athletes in season, while percentage-based training is more suitable for the general sports population. More high-quality researches should deal with the effect of other athletic performance with velocity-based resistance training in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is an evaluation of seasonal influenza vaccination hesitancy (IVH) and its determinants among community HCWs in Chongqing, a city in southwest China. Methods: A cross-sectional survey of 1030 community HCWs with direct or indirect patient contact was conducted from July to September 2021 using a self-administered electronic questionnaire. Possible factors for IVH among community HCWs were investigated by multivariable logistic regression to yield adjusted odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Results: Overall, 46.2% of community HCWs were vaccinated in the 2020–2021 season, while 65.8% of community HCWs had IVH. "Don't know the coverage in China" (OR: 1.46, 95% CI: 1.01–2.11; 40-year-old group OR: 3.02, 95% CI: 1.92–4.76), "complacency" (OR: 4.55, 95% CI: 3.14–6.60) were positively related with having IVH. The community HCWs that had a history of influenza vaccination (OR: 0.67 95% CI: 0.48–0.95) and groups with confidence and convenience (OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.06–0.12; OR: 0.34, 95% CI: 0.23–0.52, respectively) were more likely to completely accept vaccination. Conclusions: Measures such as improving the awareness and knowledge of influenza and vaccination and expanding the free vaccination policy, combined with improving the convenience of the vaccination service, will promote increased seasonal influenza vaccination-coverage in community HCWs in Chongqing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The upstream regulators of microRNAs were rarely reported. Hydroquinone (HQ) is the main metabolite of benzene, one of the important environmental factors contributing to leukemia and lymphoma. In HQ‐induced malignant transformed TK6 (TK6‐HT) cells, the expression of PARP‐1 and miR‐223 were upregulated. When in PARP‐1 silencing TK6‐HT cells, miR‐223 was downregulated and the apoptotic cell number correspondingly increased. In TK6 cells treated with HQ for different terms, the expression of miR‐223 and PARP‐1 were dynamically observed and found to be decreased and increased, respectively. Trichostatin A could increase the expression of miR‐223, then the expression of HDAC1–2 and nuclear factor kappa B were found to be increased, but that of mH2A was decreased. PARP‐1 silencing inhibited the protein expression of H3Ac, mH2A, and H3K27ac. By co‐immunoprecipitation experiment, PARP‐1 and HDAC2 were found to form a regulatory complex. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the upregulation of PARP‐1 mediated activation of acetylation to promote the transcription of miR‐223 possibly via coregulating with HDAC2, an epigenetic regulation mechanism involved in cell malignant transformation resulting from long‐term exposure to HQ, in which course, H3K27ac might be a specific marker for the activation of histone H3, which also gives hints for benzene exposure research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electron-deficient property of the atoms in functional materials endow them with tunable adsorption and catalysis effects on polysulfides, thus improving the performance of lithium–sulfur batteries. In this work, Li2B4O7 nanoparticles, which have abundant electron deficiencies derived from the [BO3] Lewis acid units, were uniformly cladded in the carbon nanofibers (LBO–CNF) and employed as interlayers for Li–S batteries. This functionalized interlayer expressed a high adsorption energy of ∼3.6 eV for polysulfides (e.g., Li2S6 and Li2S4) and effectively suppressed the polysulfides' shuttle behavior, delivering a high reversible capacity of 1242.6 mA h g−1 at 0.2C and good cycling performance with a low fading rate of 0.068% per cycle at 1C, thus effectually inhibiting the phenomenon of self-discharge. Besides, the lithiation reaction kinetics was also effectively enhanced, enhancing the rate performance of the battery to 644 mA h g−1 at 5C. This work provides a new strategy to enhance the electrochemical performance of Li–S batteries by applying the compounds of electronic-deficiency B-species and functionalized carbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Catalytic C-H bond activation is one of the backbones of the chemical industry. Supported metal subnanoclusters consisting of a few atoms have shown attractive properties for heterogeneous catalysis. However, the creation of such catalyst systems with high activity and excellent anti-sintering ability remains a grand challenge. Here, we report on alkali ion-promoted Pd subnanoclusters supported over defective γ-Al2O3 nanosheets, which display exceptional catalytic activity for C-H bond activation in the benzene oxidation reaction. The presence of Pd subnanoclusters is verified by aberration-corrected high-angle annular dark-field scanning transmission electron microscopy, X-ray absorption spectroscopy, and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy. This catalyst shows excellent catalytic activity, with a turnover frequency of 280 h−1 and yield of 98%, in benzene oxidation reaction to give phenol under mild conditions. Moreover, the introduction of alkali ion greatly retards the diffusion and migration of metal atoms when tested under high-temperature sintering conditions. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations reveal that the addition of alkali ion to Pd nanoclusters can significantly impact the catalyst's structure and electronic properties, and eventually promote its activity and stability. This work sheds light on the facile and scalable synthesis of highly active and stable catalyst systems with alkali additives for industrially important reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Hydrocephalus is a severe complication of intracerebral hemorrhage with ventricular extension (ICH-IVH) and causes cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) accumulation. The choroid plexus epithelium plays an important role in CSF secretion and constitutes the blood-CSF barrier within the brain-immune system interface. Although the NLRP3 inflammasome, as a key component of the innate immune system, promotes neuroinflammation, its role in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus after hemorrhage has not been investigated. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the potential mechanism of NLRP3 in hydrocephalus to discover a potential marker for targeted therapy.Methods: A rat model of hydrocephalus after ICH-IVH was developed through autologous blood infusion in wild-type and Nlrp3-/- rats. By studying the features and processes of the model, we investigated the relationship between the NLRP3 inflammasome and CSF hypersecretion in the choroid plexus.Results: The ICH-IVH model rats showed ventricular dilation accompanied by CSF hypersecretion for 3 days. Based on the choroid plexus RNA-seq and proteomics results, we found that an inflammatory response was activated. The NLRP3 inflammasome was investigated, and the expression levels of NLRP3 inflammasome components reached a peak at 3 days after ICH-IVH. Inhibition of NLRP3 by an MCC950 inflammasome inhibitor or Nlrp3 knockout decreased CSF secretion and ventricular dilation and attenuated neurological deficits after ICH-IVH. The mechanism underlying the neuroprotective effects of NLRP3 inhibition involved decreased phosphorylation of NKCC1, which is a major protein that regulates CSF secretion by altering Na+- and K+-coupled water transport, via MCC950 or Nlrp3 knockout. In combination with the in vitro experiments, this experiment confirmed the involvement of the NLRP3/p-NKCC1 pathway and Na+ and K+ flux.Conclusions: This study demonstrates that NKCC1 phosphorylation in the choroid plexus epithelium promotes NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated CSF hypersecretion and that NLRP3 plays an important role in the pathogenesis of hydrocephalus after hemorrhage. These findings provide a new therapeutic strategy for treating hydrocephalus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Sleeve lobectomy is recognized as an alternative surgical operation to pneumonectomy because it preserves the most pulmonary function and has a considerable prognosis. In this study, we aimed to investigate the implications of residual status for patients after sleeve lobectomy. Methods: In this retrospective cohort study, we summarized 58 242 patients who underwent surgeries from 2015 to 2018 in Shanghai Chest Hospital and found 456 eligible patients meeting the criteria. The status of R2 was excluded. The outcomes were overall survival (OS) and recurrence‐free survival (RFS). We performed a subgroup analysis to further our investigation. Results: After the propensity score match, the baseline characteristic was balanced between two groups. The survival analysis showed no significant difference of overall survival and recurrence‐free survival between R0 and R1 groups (OS: p = 0.053; RFS: p = 0.14). In the multivariate Cox analysis, we found that the margin status was not a dependent risk factor to RFS (p = 0.119) and OS (p = 0.093). In the patients of R1, N stage and age were closely related to OS, but we did not find any significant risk variable in RFS for R1 status. In the subgroup analysis, R1 status may have a worse prognosis on patients with more lymph nodes examination. On further investigation, we demonstrated no differences among the four histological types of margin status. Conclusion: In our study, we confirmed that the margin status after sleeve lobectomies was not the risk factor to prognosis. However, patients with more lymph nodes resection should pay attention to the margin status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-term exposure to benzene or its metabolite, hydroquinone (HQ), can causally contribute to acute myeloid leukemia. Long-noncoding RNAs are essential epigenetic regulators with critical roles in tumor initiation and malignant progression; however, the mechanism by which aberrantly expressed LINC00173 (long intergenic nonprotein coding RNA 173) regulates the pathogenesis of acute myeloid leukemia is not fully understood. Here, we found that the expression of LINC00173 decreased while the expression of DNA methyltransferase 1 (DNMT1) increased, and the methylation of LINC00173 promoter was negatively correlated with LINC00173 expression in GEPIA, CCLE databases, benzene-exposed workers, B-cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma, K562, U937, or HQ-induced malignantly transformed TK6 (HQ-MT cells). Furthermore, in 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (DNA methyltransferase inhibitor) or trichostatin A (histone deacetylation inhibitor)-treated HQ-MT cells, the expression of LINC00173 was restored by reduced DNA promoter methylation levels. HQ-MT cells with DNMT1 knockout by CRISPR/Cas9 restored the expression of LINC00173 and inhibited the DNA methylation of its promoter as well as enrichment of DNMT1 to promoter. Overexpression of LINC00173 inhibited the expression of DNMT1, cell proliferation, tumor growth, enhanced chemosensitivity to cisplatin, and apoptosis in HQ-MT cells. LINC00173 interacts with DNMT1 to regulate the methylation of LINC00173 promoter. Overall, this study provides evidence that interaction between DNMT1 and LINC00173 regulates the expression of LINC00173 by regulating its promoter methylation level, thus regulating the function of HQ-MT cells in vitro and in vivo , providing a new therapeutic target for benzene-induced tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Neoadjuvant immunotherapy is emerging as novel effective intervention in lung cancer, but study to unearth effective surrogates indicating its therapeutic outcomes is limited. We investigated the genetic changes between non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients with varied response to neoadjuvant immunotherapy and discovered highly potential biomarkers with indicative capability in predicting outcomes. Methods: In this study, 3 adenocarcinoma and 11 squamous cell carcinoma NSCLC patients were treated by neoadjuvant immunotherapy with variated regimens followed by surgical resection. Treatment-naive FFPE or fresh tissues and blood samples were subjected to whole-exome sequencing (WES). Genetic alternations were compared between differently-responded patients. Findings were further validated in multiple public cohorts. Results: DNA damage repair (DDR)-related InDel signatures and DDR-related gene mutations were enriched in better-responded patients, i.e., major pathological response (MPR) group. Besides, MPR patients exhibited provoked genome instability and unique homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) events. By further inspecting alternation status of homology-dependent recombination (HR) pathway genes, the clonal alternations were exclusively enriched in MPR group. Additionally, associations between HR gene alternations, percentage of viable tumor cells and HRD event were identified, which orchestrated tumor mutational burden (TMB), mutational intratumor heterogeneity (ITH), somatic copy number alteration (SCNA) ITH and clonal neoantigen load in patients. Validations in public cohorts further supported the generality of our findings. Conclusions: We reported for the first time the association between HRD event and enhanced neoadjuvant immunotherapy response in lung cancer. The power of HRD event in patient therapeutic stratification persisted in multifaceted public cohorts. We propose that HR pathway gene status could serve as novel and additional indicators guiding immune-neoadjuvant and immunotherapy treatment decisions for NSCLC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their high energy density, lithium sulfur (Li–S) batteries have attracted extensive attention as promising candidates for next-generation energy storage. However, the defects in battery electrodes seriously hinder commercial applications, such as the shuttle effect of polysulfides and the uncontrolled growth of lithium dendrites. In this work, a modified separator with a sandwich-like structure was prepared using nanoscale flower-like strontium fluoride and graphene, which were filtered onto a PP separator. The strontium fluoride graphene (SrF2-G) sandwich separator can effectively inhibit the shuttling of polysulfides, promote the rapid transfer of ions and electrons, and also effectively inhibit the irregular growth of lithium dendrites. This mainly benefits the efficient physical barrier effect and strong chemical catalysis, and the unique structure leads to high conductivity. The SrF2-G-based battery exhibits excellent electrochemical performance, including a high initial discharge capacity of 1140 mA h g−1 that is maintained at 873 mA h g−1 over 300 cycles at 0.5C, a high-rate performance of 878 mA h g−1 at 3C, and an extremely low capacity decay rate of 0.05% at 1C after 350 cycles. This work solves the inherent problems of lithium sulfur batteries to some extent and provides insight for practical applications in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of the 1,565 nm non-ablative fractional laser (NAFL) in combination with isotretinoin and pricking blood therapy (PBT) for treatment of AV. A retrospective analysis of 60 patients with moderate-to-severe AV was performed. Four groups (n = 15) were evaluated: 1,565nm NAFL alone, oral isotretinoin alone, double therapy (NAFL + isotretinoin) and triple therapy (NAFL + isotretinoin + PBT). The triple therapy showed the highest improvement rate of inflammatory papules and boxcar atrophic scars. The patients receiving oral isotretinoin alone, double or triple therapy showed a significant decrease in volume of boxcar atrophic scars. The NAFL alone, double or triple therapy significantly decreased index of hemoglobin. Furthermore, the triple therapy significantly decreased indexes of hemoglobin and red areas as compared to the other three treatments. All four treatments significantly decreased indexes of pore sizes and wrinkles. This study showed that the triple therapy is effective for treatment of AV, which is worthy of further evaluation and investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There have been significant advancements in medical techniques in the present epoch, with the emergence of some novel operative substitutes. However, the treatment of tracheal defects still faces tremendous challenges and there is, as yet, no consensus on tracheal and carinal reconstruction. In addition, surgical outcomes vary in different individuals, which results in an ambiguous future for tracheal surgery. Although transplantation was once an effective and promising method, it is limited by a shortage of donors and immune rejection. The development of bioengineering has provided an alternative for the treatment of tracheal defects, but this discipline is full of ethical controversy and hindered by limited cognition in this area. Meanwhile, progression of this technique is blocked by a deficiency in ideal materials. The trachea together with the carina is still the last unpaired organ in thoracic surgery and propososal of a favorable scheme to remove this dilemma is urgently required. In this review, four main tracheal reconstruction methods, especially surgical techniques, are evaluated, and a thorough interpretation conducted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Novel cost‐effective fuel cells have become more attractive due to the demands for rare and expensive platinum‐group metal (PGM) catalysts for mitigating the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). The high‐cost PGM catalyst in fuel cells can be replaced by Earth‐abundant transition‐metal‐based catalysts, that is, an Fe–N–C catalyst, which is considered one of the most promising alternatives. However, the performance of the Fe–N–C catalyst is hindered by the low catalytic activity and poor stability, which is caused by insufficient active sites and the lack of optimization of the triple‐phase interface for mass transportation. Herein, a novel Fe–N–C catalyst consisting of mono‐dispersed hierarchically mesoporous carbon sphere cores and single Fe atom‐dispersed functional shells are presented. The synergistic effect between highly dispersed Fe‐active sites and well‐organized porous structures yields the combination of high ORR activity and high mass transfer performance. The half‐wave potential of the catalyst in 0.1 M H2SO4 is 0.82 V versus reversible hydrogen electrode, and the peak power density is 812 mW·cm−2 in H2–O2 fuel cells. Furthermore, it shows superior methanol tolerance, which is almost immune to methanol poisoning and generates up to 162 mW·cm−2 power density in direct methanol fuel cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrochemical CO2 reduction (ECR) powered by renewable electricity is reckoned to provide an effective strategy to alleviate environmental issues and energy crisis, enabling a potential carbon neutral economy. To boost the ECR to fuels and value-added chemicals, the design of highly active and selective catalysts is important. In this study, we demonstrate facile ultrasonication-facilitated synthesis of two-dimensional copper terephthalate for efficient ECR. High faradaic efficiencies (FEs) of up to 72.9% for hydrocarbons are achieved at a mild overpotential in an H-type cell. In particular, the FE for ethylene (C2H4) formation approaches 50.0% at an applied potential of −1.1 V (vs. the reversible hydrogen electrode), outperforming commercial Cu, Cu2O, CuO, Cu(OH)2 and many recently reported Cu-based materials. The C2H4 partial geometric current density is as high as ∼6.0 mA·cm−2. This work offers a simple avenue to developing advanced electrocatalysts for converting CO2 into high-value hydrocarbons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we first consider the L2 Morse–Novikov cohomology on a complete Riemannian manifold M equipped with a parallel 1‐form which includes Vaisman manifold. Based on a vanishing theorem of L2 Morse–Novikov cohomology, we prove that the L2‐harmonic forms on M are identically zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exposure to benzene or its metabolite hydroquinone (HQ) is a risk factor for a series of myeloid malignancies, and long noncoding RNAs play an important role in the process of pathogenesis. Urothelial cancer‐associated 1 (UCA1) functions as an oncogene in the development of acute myeloid leukemia. However, the association between DNMT1 and UCA1 with benzene or HQ exposure has not been explored. We characterized UCA1 expression in cells briefly exposed to HQ (HQ‐ST cells) and HQ‐induced malignantly transformed (TK6‐HT cells) treated with 5‐aza‐2ʹ‐deoxycytidine (5‐AzaC) or trichostatin A (TSA). Compared to that in control cells, UCA1 expression was increased, whereas DNMT1 was decreased in HQ‐ST cells and TK6‐HT cells treated with 5‐AzaC or TSA. Moreover, UCA1 expression was also upregulated and positively correlated with benzene exposure time in benzene‐exposed workers. Furthermore, the expression of UCA1 was negatively associated with the DNA methylation level of its promoter in benzene‐exposed workers. DNMT1 rather than DNMT3b knockout in TK6‐HT cells activated the expression of UCA1 by inducing its promoter hypomethylation. These results suggest that benzene or HQ exposure leads to UCA1 upregulation via DNA hypomethylation in the UCA1 promoter, which is mediated by DNMT1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For permanent magnet linear synchronous motor (PMLSM), the end effect not only changes the distribution of the end magnetic field, but also causes the pulsating magnetic field in the air gap between the primary and the secondary components. In this paper, the existence of the pulsating magnetic field is proved and the characteristics of the pulsating magnetic field are analyzed through the finite element analysis. On the base of that, the influence of the pulsating magnetic field on the detent force is studied, of which the result shows that the pulsating magnetic field generates the pulsating magnetic force, which is a part of the detent force. The amplitude of the pulsating magnetic force is closely related to the length of the primary component. By adjusting the length of the primary component, the pulsating magnetic field can be effectively suppressed. Moreover, the results of simulation and theoretical analysis prove that with the increase of primary component length, the influence of pulsating magnetic field is becoming weaker and weaker. Finally, a prototype is made to test the detent force characteristics, which verifies the research theory in this article. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]