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The present study created an artificial intelligence (AI)-automated diagnostics system for uterine cervical lesions and assessed the performance of these images for AI diagnostic imaging of pathological cervical lesions. A total of 463 colposcopic images were analyzed. The traditional colposcopy diagnoses were compared to those obtained by AI image diagnosis. Next, 100 images were presented to a panel of 32 gynecologists who independently examined each image in a blinded fashion and diagnosed them for four categories of tumors. Then, the 32 gynecologists revisited their diagnosis for each image after being informed of the AI diagnosis. The present study assessed any changes in physician diagnosis and the accuracy of AI-image-assisted diagnosis (AISD). The accuracy of AI was 57.8% for normal, 35.4% for cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)1, 40.5% for CIN2-3 and 44.2% for invasive cancer. The accuracy of gynecologist diagnoses from cervical pathological images, before knowing the AI image diagnosis, was 54.4% for CIN2-3 and 38.9% for invasive cancer. After learning of the AISD, their accuracy improved to 58.0% for CIN2-3 and 48.5% for invasive cancer. AI-assisted image diagnosis was able to improve gynecologist diagnosis accuracy significantly (P<0.01) for invasive cancer and tended to improve their accuracy for CIN2-3 (P=0.14). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background/Aim: The discovery of the nude mouse model enabled the experimental growth of humanpatient tumors. However, the low establishment rate of tumors in nude and other immunodeficient strains of mice has limited wide-spread clinical use. Materials and Methods: In order to increase the establishment rate of surgical specimens of patient tumors, we transplanted tumors to nude mice subcutaneously along with large amounts of surrounding tissue of the tumor. Results: The new transplantation method increased the establishment rate in nude mice to 66% compared to the old method of implanting the surgical tumor specimen with surrounding tissue removed (14%). High stage and presence of metastasis in the patient donor are positively correlated to tumor engraftment in nude mice. Conclusion: The new method can potentially allow most cancer patients who undergo surgery or biopsy to have their own mouse model for drug-sensitivity testing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of immediate dentin sealing (IDS) applications on the bonding of computer-aided design/computer-aided manufacturing (CAD/CAM) ceramic onlay restorations after cyclic loading were examined. Standardized mesial-distal-occlusal-palatal cavities in 32 extracted human molars were prepared. The cavities were divided into four groups: those receiving thin-layered (T), slope-shaped (S), and base-shaped (B) sealing, and the non-sealing group (N) as a control. The intra-cavity dentin walls of the T, S, and B groups were sealed with an all-in-one adhesive and a flowable composite. All cavities were scanned; hence, CAD/CAM onlays were fabricated using ceramic blocks and bonded with a resin cement system. Cyclic loading was applied and the microtensile bond strength (μ-TBS) was measured. It was found that IDS application improved not only the μ-TBS, but also the bonding reliability and durability of the CAD/CAM restoration. In particular, the S restoration exhibited the highest-performance as regards both robust bond strength and stable bonding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ligand-bound nuclear receptors (NR) activate transcription of the target genes. This activation is coupled with histone modifications and chromatin remodeling through the function of various coregulators. However, the nature of the dependence of a NR coregulator action on the presence of the chromatin environment at the target genes is unclear. To address this issue, we have developed a modified position effect variegation experimental model system that includes an androgen-dependent reporter transgene inserted into either a pericentric heterochromatin region or a euchromatic region of Drosophila chromosome. Human androgen receptor (AR) and its constitutively active truncation mutant (AR AF-1) were transcriptionally functional in both chromosomal regions. Predictably, the level of AR-induced transactivation was lower in the pericentric heterochromatin. In genetic screening for AR AF-1 coregulators, Drosophila CREB binding protein (dCBP) was found to corepress AR transactivation at the pericentric region whereas it led to coactivation in the euchromatic area. Mutations of Sir2 acetylation sites or deletion of the CBP acetyltransferase domain abrogated dCBP corepressive action for AR at heterochromatic areas in vivo. Such a CBP corepressor function for AR was observed in the transcriptionally silent promoter of an AR target gene in cultured mammalian cells. Thus, our findings suggest that the action of NR coregulators may depend on the state of chromatin at the target loci. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]