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Copyright of Computer Measurement & Control is the property of Magazine Agency of Computer Measurement & Control and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The environmental damage caused by air pollution has recently become the focus of city council policies. The concept of the green city has emerged as an urban solution by which to confront environmental challenges worldwide and is founded on air pollution levels that have increased meaningfully as a result of traffic in urban areas. Local governments are attempting to meet environmental challenges by developing public traffic policies such as air pollution protocols. However, several problems must still be solved, such as the need to link smart cars to these pollution protocols in order to find more optimal routes. We have, therefore, attempted to address this problem by conducting a study of local policies in the city of Madrid (Spain) with the aim of determining the importance of the vehicle routing problem (VRP), and the need to optimise a set of routes for a fleet. The results of this study have allowed us to propose a framework with which to dynamically implement traffic constraints. This framework consists of three main layers: the data layer, the prediction layer and the event generation layer. With regard to the data layer, a dataset has been generated from traffic data concerning the city of Madrid, and deep learning techniques have then been applied to this data. The results obtained show that there are interdependencies between several factors, such as weather conditions, air quality and the local event calendar, which have an impact on drivers' behaviour. These interdependencies have allowed the development of an ontological model, together with an event generation system that can anticipate changes and dynamically restructure traffic restrictions in order to obtain a more efficient traffic system. This system has been validated using real data from the city of Madrid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Kirkuk University for Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Road transport is affected by number of hazards in Hungary also. Timely exploration of these risk factors can help to reduce the severity of unexpected consequences. In this article we present and evaluate some of the procedures that can help in this work. The solutions we have now chosen are the mathematical methods, the questionnaire survey and the modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Research & Exploration in Laboratory is the property of Research & Exploration in Laboratory and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study assessed the effects of road-related alteration of substrate, including increased salinity, on vegetation along a meridional gradient in Fennoscandia. Vegetation community composition were surveyed in 29 randomly selected 1-m sized roadside plots. Number of plant species and plant cover (%) on the plots were positively interrelated ( p < 0.0001). Both variables also decreased towards the north and with increasing coarseness of the substrate. Canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) indicated that roadside vegetation diversity and composition were most related to the importance of the road (i.e. its size and traffic intensity) and substrate pH. Road importance affects plant dispersal, whereas substrate pH was found to be a factor limiting growth. CCA indicated also that vegetation composition was affected by the meridional gradient and by the substrate salinity; both substrate salinity pH and salinity were not related to meridional gradient. Our results indicate that roadside vegetation diversity and composition is driven by natural and anthropogenic factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long-span bridges support busy traffic and experience considerable wind loads on the bridge decks nearly every day. In addition to these two major service loads, some extreme loads such as earthquake, vehicle collision, or blast may also occur on the bridges simultaneously. Excessive dynamic responses of the bridge under extreme and service loads may not only cause local member damage, serviceability issues, or even global failure of the bridge structure, but also traffic safety concern on moving vehicles. A general simulation platform is established to investigate the dynamic performance of the bridge-traffic system under multiple service and extreme loads. The fully coupled bridge-traffic interaction model is developed by coupling the mode-based bridge model and all individual moving vehicles of the simulated stochastic traffic flow considering excitations from bridge deck roughness and other external dynamic loads. Through the established simulation platform, the global dynamic responses of the bridge and each individual vehicle subjected to various service and extreme loads can be rationally predicted in the time domain. As a demonstration, the proposed strategy is applied to a bridge-traffic system consisting of a prototype long-span cable-stayed bridge and stochastic traffic subjected to the excitations of road surface roughness, turbulent wind, and seismic ground motions. The vertical and lateral responses for the bridge and a representative vehicle are obtained and analyzed in different loading scenarios. Some observations are made based on the performance of both the prototype bridge and representative vehicle subjected to multiple dynamic loads. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Media, Culture & Public Relations is the property of Croatian Communication Association / Hrvatsko Komunikolosko Drustvo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper presents the simulation study results of the traffic system in the city of Hlohovec. The authors describe the process of building the model in Witness 2013c simulator. The individual entities of simulation model are explained in details, as the Witness simulator is primarily suitable for manufacture or service simulation and not for traffic system simulation. The goal of this paper is to analyse the traffic system and to suggest the changes for improving the traffic in the city of Hlohovec. All proposed measures will bring about 20% improvement of traffic when compared to the current state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presented article reflects a scientific approach to the concept of a traffic system known as Vision Zero, which was postulated in 1997 by prof. Kare Rumar in Sweden. The implications of this approach are explored in terms of psychology. Other documents of the European Commission (including 'Towards a European Road Safety Area: policy orientations on road safety 2011-2020') and the development of traffic safety in the Czech Republic are also discussed. The article seeks to provide information about the vision of traffic safety in European countries, which is based on the tenet that each road fatality is unnecessary - 'Vision Zero'. Attention is focused on the period 2012-2020, trends pursued by the European Union in this area, and the practical implications of such efforts for the Czech Republic, with a view to specific implementation measures. Drawing on their experience, the authors point out the existence of fragmentary and inconsistent approaches to the issue of road safety in the Czech Republic, specifically at the level of practical application (assessment in terms of traffic psychology, driver recruitment, prevention, training, law enforcement, rehabilitation, etc.), where organisations and/or individuals carry out measures which are not beneficial to road traffic safety, or there is no evidence of their contribution to road safety. The roles of psychology, traffic psychology, and traffic psychologists in designing the traffic system inspired by Vision Zero are underlined. The article provides a general background to the topic of traffic safety and the measures that can be adopted to improve it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It has been long believed there should be some relations between traffic system and urbanization, but the interaction between them, especially on the regional level, has been not in consideration due to the difficulty in quantitative analysis. Based on the development of Jilin Province during 1981–2003, the paper analyzed the relation with the grey-relation model which was adjusted to fit specific problem, and came to some conclusions. Firstly, there exists obvious and strong correlation between traffic system and urbanization. Secondly, urbanization responds to the development of traffic system mainly on the level of urbanization, such as population and developed area, however, less on urbanization quality. Thirdly, traffic system influences urbanization as a whole except for several peculiar factors, which means we should optimize the whole traffic system to promote urbanization. Based on those conclusions, the paper illustrated the mechanism of traffic system, promoting urbanization scale and urbanization quality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roadside dust resulting from industrialization of society has an adverse effect on the environment and human health. However, despite the global research progress in this field, to date, no bibliometric report on the subject has been documented. Hence, bibliometric mapping is important to assess the quality and quantity of the global research activities on road dust. Data were retrieved from the Web of Science Core Collection and Scopus, while RStudio software was used for data analysis. A total of 1186 publications were retrieved from these databases, and progressive growth in the subject over the last 10 years was observed, considering the positive correlation (y = 0.0024 × 3 − 0.1454 × 2 + 2.6061 × −8.5371; R2 = 0.961) obtained for these indices. China had the highest publications, and environmental science-related journals dominated publications on road dust. The findings suggest that other regions of the world, such as the Middle East and Africa, need to channel their research efforts toward this field, considering the shortage of publications on the subject from these regions. Therefore, this study shows that assessing research activity on road dust is important for planning impactful research directions and setting protective and adaptive policies related to the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the enroute air traffic control which controls the aircraft flying between airports, the broad area of airspace is divided into units called sectors. This paper describes the air traffic control simulation experiments considering the function expansion project of the Tokyo International Airport and discusses the evaluation of the airspace design for the enroute air traffic control sectors. First, the traffic volume after the function expansion is estimated. The result is compared to the already obtained result of experiments for the sector traffic capacity estimation in the present airspace. The sector for which the airspace redesign is needed is pointed out. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on improving the traffic system for Intelligent Transportation System (ITS) by using an imaging receiver instead of photodiode as a single receiver. Here, two simple traffic models have been proposed and analyzed in order to optimize the design characteristics such as signal to noise ratio, required power, received information, bit error rate, and modulation technique. First, a standalone visible light communication (VLC) with different modulation techniques is considered. The On–OFF Keying, L-Pulse Position Modulation (L-PPM), and Inverse L-Pulse Position Modulation (I-L-PPM) are investigated. Then, a hybrid communication system utilizing VLC and radio frequency (RF) is proposed for position-based services. The VLC/RF system combines the benefits of both systems and offers long distance transmission which is an important concern in ITS and in order to improve the link reliability in infrastructure to vehicle communications. This means that the probability of having a communication link between the transmitter and receiver is maintained without interruption. Then, the performance is finally evaluated. The obtained simulation results show a considerable increase in the received information using the proposed hybrid VLC/RF system compared to a VLC system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The benefits to soil conservation and environmental protection of minimising damage to soil structure, attainable by eliminating or reducing the compactive forces of machinery traffic, are well recognised. The economic consequences of using novel wheel-traffic systems, devised to minimise compaction, were analysed using crop input and output data from long-term studies of arable rotation cropping and grass grown for silage. Two novel traffic systems, zero (gantry or spanner) and reduced ground pressure, were compared with a conventional system. Gross margins were calculated to assess the relative profitability ofeach crop, machinery costs for a range of enterprise sizes were calculated and allocated to each traffic system to produce a net margin for each crop. For barley and oilseed rape crops, the results indicated that enterprise profitability can be maintained with a zero trafficsystem, using 20% less fertiliser than the recommended rate, to at least the same level as in a conventional traffic system employing thefull fertiliser rate. For grass, gross margins were higher from bothnovel systems than from the conventional traffic system, whereas forpotatoes there was no benefit from either of the novel traffic systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]