Search

This investigation uses the Tiwari and Das nanofluid model to enhance the heat transfer rate in Sutterby nanofluid over a Riga plate. The effects of heat source/sink, viscosity dispersion, and mass flow for water-based fluids are also considered in this work. Sutterby fluid has been utilized to investigate the rheological features of nanofluids. The transverse Lorentz force produced by the Riga plate assists in the flow down the plate by producing an electromagnetic field. The main aim of this investigation is to evaluate the presence of two different types of nanoparticles in water, specifically silicon carbide (SiC) and copper (Cu). Dimensionless variables are first used to convert the mathematical model into a non-dimensional form. The similarity approach is then used to further rewrite the non-dimensional partial differential equations into a set of similarity equations. The bvp4c function in MATLAB software provides a numerical solution to these equations. The effects on temperature and velocity profiles of many physical factors, including the Reynold number, heat source/sink, and Deborah number, have been analyzed and presented. Furthermore, using tables, a detailed analysis of the skin friction coefficient and local Nusselt numbers is conducted. The results show that convective flow is suppressed when solid nanoparticles are added to the base fluid. The velocity distribution improves as Deborah and Reynold's numbers get a higher value. Also, the temperature field improves by incrementing exponential and thermal heat source/sink parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The enormous potential of nanotechnology has drawn attention to many different fields. Using nanoparticles, bio-convection has become a key phenomenon in industrial and technical applications. Nanofluids have emerged as effective solutions for addressing complex heat transfer challenges in modern engineering. This study aims to develop a comprehensive three-dimensional model of Sutterby nanofluid flow with bio-convection, investigating the effects of nonlinear thermal radiation, gyrotactic microorganisms, and magnetic fields on thermal efficiency and entropy generation. By investigating entropy optimization, chemical processes, activation energy, viscous dissipation, and magnetic field effects, the research aims to improve Sutterby nanofluid efficiency. This model reveals the dynamics of Sutterby nanofluid behavior by using partial differential equations (PDEs) and successively converted into an ordinary differential equation (ODE) system. The converted equations are solved numerically using numerical technique bvp4c. The results of analyses show relationships between the concentration of nanofluid, Biot numbers, and microorganism profiles. The results indicate that while an increase in Biot number improves microorganism profiles, an increase in Lewis and Peclet numbers decreases nanofluid concentration. Critical elements that greatly affect mass distribution, heat transmission, and flow dynamics include magnetic fields, chemical processes, and activation energy. With the help of tables, the effects of physical parameters on skin friction, Nusselt numbers, and local Sherwood numbers are thoroughly investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc nanoparticles, for their potential in drug delivery due to their antibacterial properties and biocompatibility when combined with Sutterby fluid suspended in the sodium alginate acts as a natural biopolymer, and this colloid delivers the drugs more effectively to target sites.The major focus of this study is on the convective and Stefan blowing boundary conditions on the two-dimensional unsteady laminar flow of magnetohydrodynamic nanofluid across a stretched sheet when there is chemical reaction, viscous dissipation, and thermal radiation.The partial differential equation system modelled for the current situation is transformed as a series of nonlinear coupled ordinary differential equations by utilizing appropriately defined transformations. The bvp4c technique is an implicit shooting scheme that solves the highly nonlinear coupled system of partial differential equations. The processing of nanomaterials at high temperatures is pertinent to the current investigation. Using diagrams and tables, the numerical findings of the steady and unsteady solutions for the wall shear stress, heat and solute transfer rates, temperature, velocity, and concentration are explained.The study showed great agreement when compared to previously available research work. It was determined that velocity and magnetic fields had an exact opposite relationship. With an increase in stretching surface temperature, the convective parameter rises. In terms of physical characteristics, the fluid's thermal conductivity rises and rises the temperature. The slow momentum gain in the stretching scenario leads to increased fluid temperature due to the interplay between friction and energy transfer. Increasing boundary layer thickness is found in the fluid velocity curves with increasing power law index values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To respond to the demands of modern technological processes, the employment of nanofluids to maximize energy efficiency has been a topic of interest to many scientists. The stability of such nanofluids can be appropriately enhanced with the use of gyrotactic microorganisms. In the current framework, we inspect the triple-diffusive bioconvection flow of electro-magnetized Sutterby nanofluid via an oscillatory stretchable surface with Brownian diffusion of both nanoparticles and microorganisms, thermophoresis, buoyancy, and inertial forces. With the utilization of acceptable dimensionless variables, the governed flow equations are first metamorphosed into non-dimensional form, and solutions of the resulting equations are computed using the overlapping grid spectral collocation scheme. The rationale for choosing this numerical approach is provided by computing residual errors and condition numbers. The significance of physical parameters on the quantities of engineering interest and flow profiles is discussed. The main results include that reduced surface shear stress and minimal oscillatory nature of velocity are achieved with the inclusion of porous media, inertial forces, bioconvection, and nanofluid buoyancy forces. Temperature and rate of heat transfer are upsurged with the existence of variable thermal conductivity, nonlinear radiation, and convective heat conditions, which advocate that such features promote superior heat transport within the Sutterby working fluid. Growth in solutal Dufour Lewis number increases solutal concentration while reducing solutal-mass transfer rate. Improvement in microbial Brownian diffusion parameter causes enhancement in the rate of motile microorganisms transfer and reduction in the concentration of gyrotactic microorganisms. This implies that the random motion of motile microorganisms plays a prominent role in the dynamics of microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, the polymer methodologies, in addition to polymer melt, are actually the rheological occurrences containing the normal stresses, non-Newtonian viscous influence and fluctuating with respect to the time elastic properties. The Sutterby liquid that defines the governing model for extremely polymeric aqueous solutions is amongst the utmost essential non-Newtonian liquids. The scientists have established a massive obligation to re-establish exhausting Sutterby nanofluids for heat transfer with respect to the numerous uses of nanofluids. Here, in this paper, the thought of Sutterby nanofluid considering the aspects of activation energy has been elaborated. Additionally, the heat sink/source and magnetic properties have been studied. The suitable conversions have been utilized to attain the ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and solved via bvp4c algorithm. The study indicated that velocity field decays for magnetic factor; however, temperature field enhancing for Brownian and thermophoresis is a factor. Furthermore, activation energy and Lewis factors, respectively, have a reversed impact on the concentration field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, flow behavior of magnetized Sutterby nanoliquid due to rotating permeable disk is investigated. Suspended solid nanoparticles are stabilized with the help of bioconvection and buoyancy forces. Energy and concentration relations are respectively modeled taking thermal radiation and Arrhenius energy. Additionally, binary chemical reaction in nanomaterial flow is accounted. Flow governing radiated Sutterby nanomaterial is expressed by dimensional equations using boundary layer suppositions. Using appropriate transformations, the dimensional system is altered to a nondimensional one. The nondimensional governing equations are solved via Runge–Kutta-Fehlberg method (RKF-45). The effective consequences of diverse flow regulating variables on fluid velocity, thermal field, mass concentration, and motile microorganisms density are studied via various curves. Surface drag force, heat transfer, density number, and Sherwood number are computed numerically and analyzed. It is observed that velocity components diminished versus rising Hartman number, Reynolds number, fluid material variable, and porosity parameter. Further, it is observed that chemical reaction and activation energy have opposite impacts on mass concentration. Major observations of current exploration are itemized at the end. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we have investigated the electroosmotic-driven flow of Sutterby nanofluid under the peristaltic mechanism with the influence of a magnetic field. The flow of fluid is taken into the undulating asymmetrical microchannel. Using Debye-Hückel linearization approximation, the fluid velocity and temperature profiles were calculated. The nanofluid flow is considered in the static electric field on the horizontal side and the applied external magnetic field in the transversal direction. The flow pattern also considers thermal radiation and the Joule heating parameter. Governing fluid flow equations such as continuity, momentum and temperature equations are reduced in consideration of the long wavelength and the very tiny Reynolds number approximation. The resulting nonlinear equations are resolved numerically with the help of the built-in NDSolve function made available in the computational mathematical software MATHEMATICA. Graphical illustrations of the fluid velocity profile, temperature and Trapping phenomenon (Streamlines) have been explained in detail. It is found that increasing the values of Hartmann number velocity of the nanofluid diminishes, and the temperature of the fluid enhances. Results from the Sutterby nanofluid model might have a broad range of applications, such as cancer tissue destruction, disease diagnosis, etc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present article discusses the impact of microbial activity by considering Sutterby nanofluid over a stretching surface with the Brownian motion and porous medium. Thermophoretic effects are the measure concerned to balance the temperature of the fluid to generate the improved results. We include these effects in our model with some other parameters like Brownian motion and microbial activity. The stratification phenomenon is considered for the evaluation of heat generation/absorption over the horizontal sheet in the Sutterby nanofluid. The porous medium and chemical reaction with microbial activity is further analyzed in an incompressible Sutterby nanofluid. With the help of some suitable similarity transformations, the initial boundary conditions and the governing partial differential equations of our model are converted into the coupled structure of ordinary differential equations and final boundary conditions. The Spectral quasilinearization method (SQLM) is used to numerically solve these ordinary differential equations to evaluate the impacts of various parameters taken in our model. The graphical representation of different parameters is analyzed for the flow, temperature, solutal and microbial distribution. The coefficients of physical interest are also analyzed and show good results in favor. The rise of nanofluid parameters declines the flow profile of the fluid while enhancing the temperature profile and falling for the thermal stratification phenomenon. The Sutterby nanofluid model also incorporates the behavior of dilatant solutions and pseudoplastic which is helpful in various engineering processes and industries. This model is ideal for polymeric melts as well as high polymer resolutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this analysis, Sutterby nanofluid flow with an induced magnetic field at a nonlinear stretching cylinder is deliberated. The effects of variable thermal conductivity, Darcy resistance, and viscous dissipation are discussed. Thermal radiation and chemical reaction are considered to analyze the impact on the nonlinear stretching cylinder. The governing model of the flow problem is developed under the boundary layer approximation in terms of partial differential equations. Partial differential equations are transformed into ordinary differential equations by performing the suitable transformations. A numerical structure is applied to explain ordinary differential equations. The impact of each governing physical parameters on the temperature, concentration, skin friction, Sherwood, and Nusselt number is presented in graphs and tabular form. Increment in Prandtl number, which declined the curves of the temperature function. Temperature declined because the Prandtl number declined the thermal thickness as well as reduce the temperature of the fluid. Temperature curves showed improvement as Eckert number values increased because the Eckert number is a ratio of kinetic energy to the specific enthalpy difference between the wall and the fluid. As a result, increasing the Eckert number causes the transformation of kinetic energy into internal energy via work done against viscous fluid stresses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present article, radiative Sutterby nanofluid flow over a stretchable cylinder is considered. The suspended swimming microorganisms have been deliberated in the fluid analysis. Different processes such as Brownian motion, thermophoresis, Joules heating, and viscous dissipation have been inspected in the presences of stratification parameters. The solutions for flow profiles have been obtained via optimal homotopy analysis method. Impacts of different physical involved variables on non‐dimensional velocity, temperature, nanofluid concentration, and concentration of density of swimming microorganisms have been debated. Coefficient of skin friction, local Nusselt number, Sherwood number, and density of motile organisms have been calculated. The results reveal that Sutterby fluid parameter enhances the skin friction and has a reverse impact on the velocity, while an increase in stratification causes a declination in the flow boundary layers. The temperature of the flow is also seen to be boosted by the increment in Brownian motion parameter. Analysis of entropy generation shows that the concentration difference parameter maximizes the entropy and minimizes the dimensionless Bejan number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The classical viscous theory is limited to illustrating the characteristics of several materials like pseudoplastic and dilatant fluids. Sutterby fluid has the features of shear thinning and shear thickening fluids because of its Power law index. Therefore, this study considered an incompressible, time-independent and electrically conducting Sutterby fluid flow across a rotating and stretchable disk. The disk experiences the effect of porous space. The energy equation has variable conductivity, heat source and thermal relaxation time features while mass equation exploits the influence of chemical reaction. The aspects of Buongiorno nanofluid theory are also examined in the Sutterby flow model. The phenomenon of Stefan blowing is analysed through mass transfer rate at the surface of disk. The flow expressions are first transferred into a new system of single independent variable and then treated numerically via Runge–Kutta–Fehlberg (RKF) method combined through shooting process. The behaviour of distinguished physical quantities is discussed graphically on momentum, mass species and thermal fields. The numeric data of drag force, Sherwood number and Nusselt number is calculated against several physical parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the impact of activation energy and transiting parameters on the two-dimensional stagnation point flow of magnetized Sutterby nanofluid of nano-biofilm incorporating with microorganisms over the porous surface has been examined. Prior research suggests that both the fluid viscosity and thermal conductance are temperature-dependent. Also, the effects of solutal concentration on fluid viscosity, heat capacity and nanofluid properties have been elaborated. In recent years, numerous technical strategies comprising hydromagnetic fluxes and thermal intensification in porosity media, like molding, condenser heat exchanger, liquefied metal filtration, fusion control and nuclear reactor coolant, have been addressed. According to numerous empirical studies, the viscosity and thermal conductivity of the nanoparticles are largely dependent on the intensity of nanoparticles rather than the temperature. The classical RK-4 method with shooting technique has been used. The significance of involving parameters in the domains of heat, velocity, density and concentration has been illustrated. The effect of nondimensional parameters on the skin friction factor, Nusselt number and Sherwood number has been discussed. The nanoparticle density increases with the activating energy effects and thermophoresis factor and rapidly decreases for Lewis number and Brownian factor. The velocity, temperature and concentration profiles increase as the concentration-dependent properties do, but all physical quantities deteriorate for all concentration-varying factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a Riga plate is exhibited with an electric magnetization actuator consisting of permanent magnets and electrodes assembled alternatively. This exhibition produces electromagnetic hydrodynamic phenomena over a fluid flow. A new study model is formed with the Sutterby nanofluid flow through the Riga plate, which is crucial to the structure of several industrial and entering advancements, including thermal nuclear reactors, flow metres and nuclear reactor design. This article addresses the entropy analysis of Sutterby nanofluid flow over the Riga plate. The Cattaneo–Christov heat and mass flux were used to examine the behaviour of heat and mass relaxation time. The bioconvective motile microorganisms and nanoparticles are taken into consideration. The system of equations for the current flow problems is converted from a highly non-linear partial system to an ordinary system through an appropriate transformation. The effect of the obtained variables on velocity, temperature, concentration and motile microorganism distributions are elaborated through the plots in detail. Further, the velocity distribution is enhanced for a greater Deborah number value and it is reduced for a higher Reynolds number for the two cases of pseudoplastic and dilatant flows. Microorganism distribution decreases with the increased magnitude of Peclet number, Bioconvection Lewis number and microorganism concentration difference number. Two types of graphical outputs are presented for the Sutterby fluid parameter (β = −2.5, β = 2.5). Finally, the validation of the present model is achieved with the previously available literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a Riga plate is exhibited with an electric magnetization actuator consisting of permanent magnets and electrodes assembled alternatively. This Riga plate creates an electric and magnetic field, where a transverse Lorentz force is generated that contributes to the flow along the plate. A new study field has been created by Sutterby nanofluid flows down the Riga plate, which is crucial to the creation of several industrial advancements, including thermal nuclear reactors, flow metres, and nuclear reactor design. This article addresses the second law analysis of MHD Sutter by nanofluid over a stretching sheet with the Riga plate. The Cattaneo–Christov Double Diffusion heat and mass flux have been created to examine the behaviour of relaxation time. The bioconvection of motile microorganisms and chemical reactions are taken into consideration. Similarity transformations are used to make the governing equations non-dimensional ordinary differential equations (ODE's) that are subsequently solved through an efficient and powerful analytic technique, the homotopy analysis method (HAM). The effect of pertained variables on velocity, temperature, concentration, and motile microorganism distributions are elaborated through the plot in detail. Further, the velocity distribution enhances and reduces for greater value Deborah number and Reynold number for the two cases of pseudoplastic and dilatant flow. Microorganism distribution decreases with the augmented magnitude of Peclet number (P e) , Bioconvection Lewis number (L b) , and microorganism concentration difference number (ϖ) . The entropy production distribution is increased for the greater estimations of the Reynolds number (Re L) and Brinkman parameter (B r) . Two sets of graphical outputs are presented for the Sutterby fluid parameter. Finally, for the justification of these outcomes, tables of comparison are made with various variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanofluids are playing a vital part in advancing practical life. The potential application of nanomaterials in a multitude of scenarios, such oil recovery, the melting of electronic systems in computers, cooling systems, the construction of fluid, cooling spirals, engineering and manufacturing, heat storage devices, and bioengineering. The microorganisms have a vital role to play in numerous applications, such as biological sciences, drugs, and biotechnology, biofuels processing, wastewater treatment, and food production. The current investigation exhibits a numerical model for Sutterby fluid with activation energy, thermal radiation, and bioconvection flowing past a stretching/shrinking wedge. The set of conservative governing partial differential equations (PDEs) is converted into a dimensionless ODEs system by using suitable similarity variables. The obtained new system of the model with dimensionless relative boundary conditions is tackled numerically by manipulating the famous shooting method through bvp4c solver in MATLAB coding. The physical and mathematical findings for profiles of velocity, temperature, concentration, and microbe dispersion owing to various controlling parameter inputs are displayed in tables and graphs. Flow velocity is shown to decrease as the bioconvection Rayleigh number increases. Moreover, the Prandtl number increases, the thermal field of the fluid decreases while it increases for the temperature ratio parameter. Furthermore, it is determined from this situation that the concentration field decreases as the Brownian motion parameter increases. The field of the microorganism decreases as the Peclet number increases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the growing interest of bioconvection flow of nanomaterials, many investigations on this topic have been performed, especially in this decade. The bioconvection flow of nanofluid includes some novel significance in era of biotechnology and bio-engineering like bio-fuels, microbial enhanced oil recovery, enzymes, pharmaceutical applications, petroleum engineering, etc. The current analysis aims to explore the various thermal properties of Sutterby nanofluid over rotating and stretchable disks with external consequences of variable thermal conductivity, heat absorption/generation consequences, activation energy and thermal radiation. The considered flow problem is changed into dimensionless form with convenient variables. The numerical structure for the obtained non-dimensional equations is numerically accessed with built-in shooting technique. The consequences of various physical parameters are observed for enhancement of velocity, temperature, concentration and motile microorganism. It is noted that both axial and tangential velocity components decrease with Reynolds number and buoyancy ratio parameter. The nanofluid concentration improves with activation energy and concentration Biot number. Moreover, an improved microorganisms profile is noticed with microorganism Biot number and bioconvection Rayleigh number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peristalsis of nanofluid is significant in cancer treatment, ulcer treatment and industrial equipment. This study simulated the MHD peristaltic transport of Sutterby nanofluid with mixed convection and Hall current. Partial slip and convective conditions are imposed for flexible channel walls. Energy and concentration equations are modeled by considering the effects of Joule heating, thermal radiation, viscous dissipation and activation energy. Buongiorno nanofluid model is employed which features thermophoresis and Brownian movement aspects. The resulting nonlinear system of equations is numerically solved after employing the large wavelength and small Reynolds number supposition. Graphical analysis for the velocity, temperature, concentration, heat transfer coefficient and entropy generation is analyzed. It is observed that velocity has opposite behavior for mixed convection parameters. Temperature and heat transfer rate enhanced for Brownian movement and thermophoresis parameters. Concentration rises against larger activation energy and radiation variables. Further entropy declines against higher diffusion parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical study is conducted for magnetohydrodynamic pumping of electroosmotic non-Newtonian physiological nanoliquids through a two-dimensional microfluidic channel. The Sutterby rheological nanofluid model is utilized to characterize the liquid. The normalized two-dimensional conservation equations for mass, longitudinal and transverse momentum, energy and solutal concentration are reduced with lubrication approximations (long wavelength and low Reynolds number assumptions). A coordinate transformation is employed to map the unsteady problem from the wave laboratory frame to a steady problem in the wave frame. Slip and convective conditions are imposed at the channel walls. The emerging boundary value problem is solved numerically using MATLAB software. The flow is effectively controlled by many geometric parameters, viz., electroosmosis, Hartmann and Sutterby fluid parameters. It is observed from the analysis that the rise in magnetic and electroosmosis effects leads to a reduction in the axial velocity field. The radiation parameter decreases the temperature for the positive value of Joule heating parameter and the trend is revered for the negative Joule heating parameter. This study is encouraged by exploring the nanofluid dynamics in peristaltic transport as symbolized by heat transport in biological flows, novel pharmacodynamics pumps and gastrointestinal motility enhancement. The study is also relevant to MHD biomimetic blood pumps. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]