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Recently, memristive Hopfield neural networks (MHNNs) have received considerable attention in designing chaotic systems with complex dynamics because of their distinctive connectivity structures and memory properties. However, the literature rarely reports on the integration of discrete memristors with HNNs and the subsequent observation of their dynamical behavior. Based on the synaptic plasticity of memristors, this paper constructs a novel three-dimensional discrete memristive Hopfield neural network (3DDMHNN) model based on discrete memristor simulating self-synapse. Such a new neural network can exhibit chaotic attractors with different topological structures. Analysis reveals that the phase diagrams produced by the 3DDMHNN display several phenomena, including the formation of multi-ringlike volumes, attractor growth, hyperchaotic attractors, periodic offset behavior, and infinite coexistence of initial value offset behavior. To confirm the physical existence and feasibility of the 3DDMHNN, a simulation circuit incorporating a discrete sinusoidal memristor and the 3DDMHNN was designed. Meanwhile, the 3DDMHNN is realized based on a DSP hardware platform. With the pseudo-randomness of the 3DDMHNN confirmed by relevant tests, the potential directions for its future applications have been significantly broadened. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brown cotton and white cotton are two important raw materials used in the cotton fiber industry. Clarifying the differences in morphology, agronomic traits, and fiber pigments between these varieties can facilitate the implementation of corresponding cultivation and breeding techniques. Therefore, we obtained F2 generation brown cotton plants through hybridization and compared them with their parents. In terms of agronomic traits, plant morphology and leaf shape were similar, but brown cotton presented more villi on the main stem. The first fruiting branch node was within the range of 4–6 cm, and the first fruiting branch node height was greater than that of TM-1, i.e., between 13.25 cm and 22.79 cm, with no difference compared with that of P26. The plant height was greater than that of the parents, and the number of bolls was essentially the same as that in TM-1 and greater than that in P26. The lint percentage and average fiber length were lower in TM-1 than in P26, and the seed index was greater than that in TM-1 and P26. Pigment measurements revealed that the chlorophyll a content in brown cotton during the boll stage was lower than that in white cotton, and the content of proanthocyanidin in the cotton fibers was greater in brown cotton than in white cotton. At 15 days after pollination, the highest content was 159.8 mg/g. To determine the differences in gene expression levels, we conducted transcriptome sequencing. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis revealed that the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were enriched in pathways related to the cell wall and enzyme activity, whereas Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis revealed that the DEGs were enriched in flavonoid synthesis pathways. Transcription factor analysis revealed that the expression of the MYB3 transcription factor (Ghir_D07G002110) was higher in brown cotton, and bioinformatics analysis revealed that this gene has regulatory effects on the CHS, CHI1, and F3H genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schwann cells (SCs) are necessary for peripheral nerve regeneration due to their plasticity and trophic supply after sciatic nerve injury (SNI). However, the multiple adaptations of SCs are still poorly understood. This study explored the effects of transient axonal glycoprotein type-1 (TAG-1) on cell migration and neuropilin1 (NRP1) expression in SCs and examined the impact of TAG-1 on nerve regeneration in rats with SNI. The expression of TAG-1 and NRP1 in SCs, RSC96 cells, was measured using co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence. TAG-1 silence in RSC96 cells was established by TAG-1 siRNA transfection. The effects of TAG-1 silence on cell migration and NRP1 expression were measured in cells. Male adult Wistar rats suffered sciatic nerve crush injury and were treated with exogenous TAG-1 protein. The sciatic function was observed every week. The histological changes of sciatic nerves and expressions of S100β, NRP1, GAP43, and NCAM in the nerves were observed after injury 28 days. The TAG-1 and NRP1 were expressed in the RSC96 cells, and there was an interaction between TAG-1 and NRP1. TAG-1 silence suppressed the cell migration and NRP1 expression in cells. In rats with SNI, the TAG-1 treatment improved the sciatic function and promoted nerve regeneration by increasing the expressions of S100β, NRP1, GAP-43, and NCAM in the nerves. This study showed that TAG-1 regulated cell migration and NRP1 expression in SCs, and TAG-1 treatment might be a strategy for nerve regeneration after the SNI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study aims to investigate the influence of social determinants of health (SDoH) on cognitive performance. Methods: This study surveyed a sample of older adults aged 60 years and older from the 2011–2014 cohort of participants in the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Data were collected during each survey cycle on self-reported domains of SDoH, which included eight subscales: employment, family income-to-poverty ratio, food security, education level, health insurance coverage, type of health insurance, home ownership, and marital status. Cognitive performance was evaluated using three tests: the Digit Symbol Substitution Test (DSST) for processing speed, the Animal Fluency Test (AFT) for executive function, and a subtest from the Coalition to Establish an Alzheimer's Disease Registry (CERAD) for memory. Multifactorial linear regression modeling was employed to explore the association between SDoH and cognitive performance. Results: A total of 2,819 elderly subjects were included in this study for analysis, with a mean age of 69.14 ± 0.19 years, 54.36% female and 45.64% male. The study found a negative association between the accumulation of unfavorable SDoH factors and cognitive performance. Similarly, certain unfavorable SDoH domains were negatively associated with cognitive performance. Conclusion: The findings suggest that unfavorable SDoH domains, particularly when unfavorable SDoH factors accumulate, are linked to decreased cognitive performance. Actively investigating the relationship between these factors may be a crucial strategy for delaying dementia onset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The connection between lipid-related obesity indices and severe headache or migraine in young and middle-aged people aged 20–60 remains ambiguous, and there are gaps in the discriminative ability of different indicators for severe headaches or migraines. Consequently, we set out to look into this association utilizing National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 1999 to 2004. Methods: After the values of waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), body-mass index (BMI), body roundness index (BRI), visceral adiposity index (VAI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), triglyceride glucose index (TyG), cardiac metabolism index (CMI), waist triglyceride Index (WTI), conicity index (CI) and weight-adjusted waist index (WWI) were estimated, with minimal sufficient adjustment for confounders determined by directed acyclic graph (DAG), weighted univariable and multivariable logistic regression analyses were carried out to ascertain the relationship between them and migraine. Stratified analysis and cross-effect analysis were implemented to examine the variability of intergroup correlations. Restricted cubic splines (RCS) and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) were then employed to examine nonliner relationships and its discriminatory ability for severe headache or migraine, respectively. Results: 3354 United States adults were involved in our study, of whom 839 (25.01%) had severe headache or migraine. After adjusting for relevant covariables, WHtR, BRI, BMI, LAP, WTI and VAI were all associated with migraine and WHtR (OR = 6.38, 95% CI: 2.25,18.09, P < 0.01) showed the best predictive ability. Additionally, WHtR, BMI, and BRI demonstrated linear dose-response relationships with the prevalence of migraine (all Poverall < 0.05, Pnon−linearity > 0.05). Conclusions: Among those ten lipid-related obesity indicators evaluated in the study, WHtR, BMI and BRI demonstrated linear positive dose-response relationships with the prevalence of migraine in young and middle-aged individuals within the United States and WHtR showed the best predictive ability. Our study can provide important insight into epidemiological research and comprehensive management of obese patients with migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The assessment and evaluation of complex track geometry parameters (TGP) in turnout areas present challenges for track recording cars due to uncertainties in their positioning on short sections. To obtain precise and reliable measured TGP in the turnout area, a multi-resolution technology based on maximal overlap discrete wavelet transform (MODWT) is used to perform multi-layer decomposition of the longitudinal level. By utilizing the zero-phase characteristic of MODWT, the TGP can be determined by aligning the decomposed weld spacings with their corresponding theoretical lengths. The positioning error is assessed through statistical analysis of measured TGP and numerical simulation using a virtual track inspection method. Finally, a 70 m length of TGP, including the entire turnout section, was extracted with a positioning error of no more than 1.5 m. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Call Center Staffing: On-Demand Is in Demand Traditional call centers face challenges in quickly adapting their service capacity to meet fluctuations in demand, even with short staffing periods. In their research article "Expanding Service Capabilities Through an On-Demand Workforce," Sun and Liu propose a solution for call centers to improve service levels and reduce operating expenses. They develop a two-stage decision model that determines the optimal combination of permanent and on-demand staff, along with an optimal on-demand staffing and call scheduling policy that minimizes costs. By utilizing diffusion approximation, they derive approximate solutions for the second-stage problem. The optimal staffing rule employs switching boundaries to determine when to bring in or dismiss on-demand agents, while the scheduling rule employs a nested threshold rule that prioritizes customer urgency. Interestingly, the call scheduling rule exhibits an intriguing pattern arising from the interaction between on-demand staffing and call scheduling decisions. Their research findings highlight significant cost savings achievable through the implementation of an on-demand workforce. An on-demand workforce can greatly benefit a traditional call center by allowing it to adjust its service capacity on demand quickly. Despite its conceptual elegance, the operationalization of this process is challenging due to the various sources of randomness involved. The purpose of this paper is to help call centers enhance service levels while keeping operating expenses low by taking advantage of an on-call pool of temporary agents in day-to-day operations. For that purpose, we develop a two-stage decision model in which the first stage seeks the optimal mix of permanent and on-call staff, and the second stage seeks a joint on-demand staffing and call scheduling policy to minimize the associated cost given the base staffing level and the size of the on-call pool. Because the exact analysis of the two-stage decision model seems analytically intractable, we resort to an approximation in a suitable asymptotic regime. In that regime, we characterize the system dynamics of the service operation and derive an optimal joint on-demand staffing and call scheduling policy for the second-stage problem, which in turn is used to find an approximate solution to the first-stage problem. In particular, the derived policy for the second-stage problem involves tapping into the on-call pool to procure a team of on-demand agents when the number of calls to be processed exceeds a certain threshold and dismissing them when it falls below another threshold; additionally, the call scheduling rule shows an unusual pattern due to the interplay between staffing and scheduling decisions. Extensive numerical studies under realistic parameter settings show that the solution approach we propose can achieve significant cost savings. Funding: W. Liu has been supported by the President's Graduate Fellowship at the National University of Singapore. Supplemental Material: The e-companion is available at https://doi.org/10.1287/opre.2021.0651. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Proximity of seabed complicates vortex-induced vibrations of submarine pipelines. Empirical models are better in engineering problem than high fidelity simulations and experiments to some extent. Present paper aims to propose a model consisting of structure and wake oscillators to predict in-line and cross-flow coupling vibration of a near-wall cylinder. Based on phenomena, mechanisms, and data analysis, some hydrodynamics, namely vortex shedding frequency and time-varying/time-averaged lift/drag coefficients, are modeled by Reynolds number, thickness of boundary layer, and gap (G) between cylinder and wall. Model responses reflect effects of the wall on the cylinder's vibration successfully. When G/D drops from 2 to 1 (D is diameter of the cylinder), amplitudes decrease monotonously, and the maximum amplitude shifts to a smaller reduced velocity (Ur). Vibrations and resonant tend to start/end at a larger/smaller Ur, leading to narrowing lock-in regions. Time-averaged transverse displacements increase monotonously in whole, while streamwise displacements drop in the resonance regime. Trajectories are shapes of symmetric "8," being similar to that of an isolated cylinder in free stream. There are some unique features when G/D decreases from 1 to 0.35. First peak of in-line vibration tends to disappear. Trajectories become asymmetric shape of "8" or oval because the cylinder tends to vibrate in approximating frequencies in 2 directions. With further researches on effects of wall proximity, improvements of hydrodynamics can be better to enhance model's rationality and accuracy. An accurate model is essential to analyze the safety and reliability of submarine pipelines suffering vibration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is the common comorbidity with lung cancer (LC), and metabolic disorders have been identified as significant contributors to the pathogenesis of both DM and LC. The causality between diabetes mellitus and lung cancer is still controversial. Hence, the causal effects of DM on the risk of LC was systemically investigated, and the mediating role of blood metabolites in this relationship was further explored. Methods: This study utilized a comprehensive Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis to investigate the association between diabetes mellitus and lung cancer. The inverse variance weighted method was employed as the principle approach. MR Egger and weighted median were complementary calculations for MR assessment. A two-step MR analysis was performed to evaluate the mediating effects of blood metabolites as potential intermediate factors. Simultaneously, sensitivity analyses were performed to confirm the lack of horizontal pleiotropy and heterogeneity. Results: The two-sample MR analysis illustrated the overall effect of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on lung squamous cell carcinoma (LUSC) (OR: 1.040, 95% CI: 1.010–1.072, p = 0.009). No causal connection was found between T2DM and the subtypes of lung cancer. Two-step MR identified two candidate mediators partially mediating the total effect of T1DM on LUSC, including glutamine conjugate of C6H10O2 levels (17.22%) and 2-hydroxyoctanoate levels (5.85%). Conclusion: Our findings supported a potentially causal effect of T1DM against LUSC, and shed light on the importance of metabolites as risk factors in understanding this relationship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We design and fabricate meter-scale long connectorized paper-like flexible multimode polymer waveguide film with a large bandwidth-length product (BLP) for board-level optical interconnects application. The measured BLP of the multimode waveguide is greater than 57.3 GHz·m at a wavelength of 850 nm under the strictest overfilled launch condition with a maximum length of 2.1 m and 10-dB insertion loss. The fabricated waveguide films are as flexible as regular printing paper and can be conveniently interfaced with standard mechanically transferable (MT) fiber connectors with low loss. The average insertion loss of the connectorized waveguide is about 0.042 dB/cm with inter-channel crosstalk as low as −46.4 dB, and the bending loss is less than 1 dB at a bending radius of 1 mm under the overfilled launch condition. We also demonstrate a vertical-cavity surface-emitting laser (VCSEL)-based single-lane 100 Gbps PAM4 transmission. Our results show that the meter-scale long paper-like polymer waveguide film has both excellent optical properties and large bandwidth and is ideal for high-speed board-level optical interconnects application with a single-lane data rate of 100 Gbps and beyond, especially those that have a strict requirement on the length of connection and compactness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of sensor technologies employed in interventions to enhance patient adherence to inhalation therapy for chronic respiratory diseases, with a particular emphasis on human factors. Sensor-based interventions offer opportunities to improve adherence through monitoring and feedback; however, a deeper understanding of how these technologies interact with patients is essential. Patients and Methods: We conducted a systematic review by searching online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, Science Direct, and ACM Digital Library, spanning the timeframe from January 2014 to December 2023. Our inclusion criteria focused on studies that employed sensor-based technologies to enhance patient adherence to inhalation therapy. Results: The initial search yielded 1563 results. After a thorough screening process, we selected 37 relevant studies. These sensor-based interventions were organized within a comprehensive HFE framework, including data collection, data processing, system feedback, and system feasibility. The data collection phase comprised person-related, task-related, and physical environment-related data. Various approaches to data processing were employed, encompassing applications for assessing intervention effectiveness, monitoring patient behaviour, and identifying disease risks, while system feedback included reminders and alerts, data visualization, and persuasive features. System feasibility was evaluated based on patient acceptance, usability, and device cost considerations. Conclusion: Sensor-based interventions hold significant promise for improving adherence to inhalation therapy. This review highlights the necessity of an integrated "person-task-physical environment" system to advance future sensor technologies. By capturing comprehensive data on patient health, device usage patterns, and environmental conditions, this approach enables more personalized and effective adherence support. Key recommendations include standardizing data integration protocols, employing advanced algorithms for insights generation, enhancing interactive visual features for accessibility, integrating persuasive design elements to boost engagement, exploring the advantages of conversational agents, and optimizing experience to increase patient acceptance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To propose a novel classification system for stratifying coronal curve patterns in congenital cervicothoracic scoliosis with hemivertebrae (CTS-HV). Methods: Type A: regional cervicothoracic deformity only disturbing the balance of head-neck-shoulder complex; Type B: cervicothoracic deformity with significant trunk tilt to the convex side; Type C: cervicothoracic deformity with a significant compensatory thoracic curve. The reliability and reproducibility were assessed via the Kappa test. The differences among different subtypes in deformity parameters and bony structures were compared to identify the causative factors predisposing to different subtypes. Results: 98 patients were classified into Type A (47 cases), Type B (31 cases), and Type C (20 cases). The Kappa test showed excellent reliability (Kappa value = 0.847) and reproducibility (Kappa value = 0.881). The proportions of Klippel-Feil syndrome in Types B (71.0%) and C (85.0%) were significantly higher than in Type A (46.8%; all P < 0.05). Type A (66.0%) and Type B (71.0%) predominantly had their hemivertebra (HV) at T3 or T4, while Type C (75%) mostly had HV at T1 or T2. Type B exhibited the most severe trunk tilt, head shift, neck tilt, head tilt, and coronal balance distance (all P < 0.05). Type C had the lowest T1 tilt and first rib angle despite the greatest cervicothoracic Cobb angle (all P < 0.05). Conclusions: This novel reliable classification allows a better understanding of structural diversity and different coronal compensatory mechanisms for the natural progression of CTS-HV. It can contribute to determining the individualized treatment strategy and standardizing academic communication for this rare clinical entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to explore the correlation between PI and standing-to-sitting changes of the sagittal alignment in patients with lumbar degenerative diseases, and investigate the differences in posture changes among Roussouly types. Methods: A total of 209 patients with lumbar degenerative disease were retrospectively included in this study. All the patients received lateral full body imaging in both standing and sitting positions. Sagittal parameters including SVA, OD-HA, PT, PI, PT/PI, SS, LL, TK, Upper LL (L1-L4) and Lower LL (L4-S1) were measured in both standing and sitting position, and the parameters were compared between two positions. The correlations between PI and lumbo-pelvic changes were analyzed. The postural changes were compared among different Roussouly types. Results: From standing to sitting, all the parameters except PI significantly changed, including SVA, OD-HA, PT, PT/PI, SS, LL, TK, Upper LL and Lower LL. The contribution of lower LL was greater to global LL than upper LL. PI had a significant correlation with ΔPT, ΔSS, ΔLL, ΔUpper LL and ΔLower LL. From standing to sitting, type 4 patients had the most pronounced ΔPT, ΔSS and ΔLL, and ΔLower LL of types 3 and 4 were greater than that of types 1 and 2. Conclusions: In patients with degenerative disease, PI plays an important role in determining the extent of lumbo-pelvic changes from standing to sitting. Among different Roussouly types, type 4 patients have the most pronounced changes of PT, SS and LL, suggesting the relatively greater flexibility of pelvis and lumbar spine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intervertebral discs (IVDs) are rhythmic tissues that experience daily low‐load recovery. Notably, aging and abnormal mechanical stress predispose IVDs to degeneration due to dysrhythmia‐induced disordered metabolism. Meanwhile, Rev‐erbα acts as a transcriptional repressor in maintaining biorhythms and homeostasis; however, its function in IVD homeostasis and degeneration remains unclear. This study assessed the relationship between low Rev‐erbα expression levels and IVD degeneration. Rev‐erbα deficiency accelerated needle puncture or aging‐induced IVD degeneration, characterized by increased extracellular matrix (ECM) catabolism and nucleus pulposus (NP) cell apoptosis. Mechanistically, Rev‐erbα knockdown in NP cells aggravated rhIL1β‐induced NOD‐like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome activation, exacerbating the imbalanced ECM and NP cell apoptosis. Meanwhile, blocking NLRP3 inflammasome activation mitigated Rev‐erbα deficiency and needle puncture‐induced IVD degeneration. Particularly, Rev‐erbα mediated the transcriptional repression of the NLRP3 inflammasome via the ligand heme‐binding of nuclear receptor co‐repressor (NCoR) and histone deacetylase 3 (HDAC3) complex. Thus, the increased expression of Rev‐erbα in NP cells following short‐term rhIL1β treatment failed to inhibit NLRP3 transcription in vitro owing to heme depletion. Pharmacological activation of Rev‐erbα in vivo and in vitro alleviated IVD degeneration by altering the NLRP3 inflammasome. Taken together, targeting Rev‐erbα may be a potential therapeutic strategy for alleviating IVD degeneration and its related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The failure probability of a pipeline is a quantification of the likelihood of an accident occurring in the pipeline, which is an indispensable part of the pipeline risk assessment process. To solve the problems of strong subjectivity, low feasibility, and low accuracy in the existing pipeline failure probability calculation methods, a three-layer Bayesian network topology model of "pipeline failure–failure cause–influencing factor" is proposed, with the pipeline failure as the subnode, the type of pipeline failure as the intermediate node, and the factors affecting the pipeline failure as the parent node of the network. Based on data fitting and fuzzy theory analysis methods, the functional relationship between the impact factor and the failure frequency of various pipelines is quantified. Using the mean value theorems for definite integrals and the analytic hierarchy process, the conditional probability of the directed edge in the network is calculated. The proposed function relationship provides a method to calculate the prior probability according to the parameters of the pipeline and its surroundings and a new idea to train the network model even without sufficient data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To assess the potential association between the TyG index and the risk of abnormal UACR. Additionally, we aimed to determine the role and degree of influence of inflammatory biomarkers between the TyG index and abnormal UACR. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional study recruited 1021 participants from a health management center between 2021 and 2022. Logistic or linear regression models, as well as mediation analysis, were employed to investigate the associations between the TyG index, inflammatory biomarkers (total and differential white blood cell counts, platelet, mean platelet volume(MPV), C-reactive protein(CRP)), and the risk of abnormal UACR. Results: The study included 1021 participants, of whom 55.0% were men. The median age (interquartile range [IQR]) was 61.0 (53, 70) years. In multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models, both with and without the inclusion of smoking, alcohol drinking, BMI, Lipid-lowering drugs using, TC, SUA, ALT, and AST as potential covariates, the TyG index was associated with the risk of UACR, both with the odds ratios (ORs) per 1-standard deviation (SD) increase were 1.32 (95% CI, 1.08– 1.62) and 1.27 (95% CI, 1.05– 1.52), respectively. This study also demonstrated a significant indirect effect of the TyG index on the risk of abnormal UACR through total white blood cell counts, neutrophil counts and platelet (P values < 0.05); The proportions mediated was 11.2%, 3.5% and 29.6% for each respective variable. Conclusion: Insulin resistance and inflammation are associated with an increased risk of kidney insufficiency. And indicators of inflammation weakly mediate insulin resistance and risk of kidney insufficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation and evolution of SmCo5/Sm2Co17 (1:5H/2:17R/H) cellular structures play an essential role in understanding the coercivity of Sm-Co magnets. Herein, the pristine and different elemental-doped 1:5/2:17R and 1:5/2:17H interfaces are investigated to evaluate the elemental site preferences, interface configurations, and magnetic properties in Sm2Co17-type magnets with general alloy elements M (M = Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Si, and Ga). Comparing the calculated results of 1:5/2:17H with those of the 1:5/2:17R interface, we found that Cu and Mn always segregate at the 1:5 phase, and Ga elements first appear at the 1:5 phase in 1:5/2:17H and then change to the 2:17 phase in 1:5/2:17R. While Ti, V, Fe, Zn, Al, and Si elements always tend to segregate at the 2:17 phase, Ni first segregates at the 2:17 phase in 1:5/2:17H and then occupies the 1:5 phase of 1:5/2:17R. The 1:5/2:17H interface along the c-axis expands about 1.98~3.28%, while the 1:5/2:17R interface slightly shrinks about 0.04~0.87% after element doping. This suggests that different interface stress behaviors exist for high-temperature and room-temperature phase Sm2Co17-type magnets. Furthermore, Mn, Fe, and Ga doping improved the saturation magnetization strength. Our results provide new insights into understanding the effect of elemental doping at the interfaces of 1:5H/2:17R cellular structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate drivers' disengagement from nondriving related tasks (NDRT) during scheduled takeovers and to evaluate its impact on takeover performance. Background: During scheduled takeovers, drivers typically have sufficient time to prepare. However, inadequate disengagement from NDRTs can introduce safety risks. Method: Participants experienced scheduled takeovers using a driving simulator, undergoing two conditions, with and without an NDRT. We assessed their takeover performance and monitored their NDRT disengagement from visual, cognitive, and physical perspectives. Results: The study examined three NDRT disengagement timings (DTs): DT1 (disengaged before the takeover request), DT2 (disengaged after the request but before taking over), and DT3 (not disengaged). The impact of NDRT on takeover performance varied depending on DTs. Specifically, DT1 demonstrated no adverse effects; DT2 impaired takeover time, while DT3 impaired both takeover time and quality. Additionally, participants who displayed DT1 exhibited longer eye-off-NDRT duration and a higher eye-off-NDRT count during the prewarning stage compared to those with DT2 and DT3. Conclusion: Drivers can benefit from earlier disengagement from NDRTs, demonstrating resilience to the adverse effects of NDRTs on takeover performance. The disengagement of cognition is often delayed compared to that of eyes and hands, potentially leading to DT3. Moreover, visual disengagement from NDRTs during the prewarning stage could distinguish DT1 from the other two. Application: Our study emphasizes considering NDRT disengagement in designing systems for scheduled takeovers. Measures should be taken to promote early disengagement, facilitate cognitive disengagement, and employ visual disengagement during the prewarning period as predictive indicators of DTs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auricularia heimuer is drought tolerant, but the mechanism underlying its physiological response to drought has not been systematically studied. We selected 13 strains of A. heimuer and simulated drought stress using a complete yeast medium (CYM) containing 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG), while the medium used for the control treatments did not contain PEG. Strains were cultured on a shaker incubator at 25 °C at 120 rpm for 15 days under dark conditions. The contents of soluble sugars (SS) and soluble proteins (SP), the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), and the biomass were measured. Between the 20% PEG treatment and the control, as well as among different strains, there were significant differences in all of the physiological indices. The tested strains were classified into the following four categories according to their membership function values: the first category consisted of the highly drought-tolerant strain A; the second consisted of the drought-tolerant strains A127 and C; the third consisted of the moderately drought-tolerant strains A124, A14, A386, A462, A184, A496, A125, and B; and the fourth consisted of the drought-sensitive strains A356 and A508. Transcriptome analysis was performed on C before and after drought stress treatment, and 1762 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were obtained, including 798 up- and 964 down-regulated genes. Through KEGG enrichment analysis, it was found for the first time that the synthesis pathway for trehalose in A. heimuer is trehalose phosphate synthase–trehalose phosphate phosphatase (TPS-TPP), which is involved in the response of A. heimuer to drought stress. In addition, two key enzyme genes involved in trehalose synthesis, namely trehalose-6-phosphate synthase (AhTPS) and trehalose-6-phosphate phosphatase (AhTPP), were significantly up-regulated after drought stress. The trehalose content significantly increased in 11 strains after drought stress treatment. This study discovered, for the first time, that the synthesis pathway of trehalose is involved in the response of edible fungi to drought stress, thus providing a reference for the genetic improvement of A. heimuer and the selection of drought-tolerant strains, laying a theoretical foundation for the resistance breeding of other edible fungi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) with endoscopic metallic biliary endoprosthesis(EMBE) serves as a crucial palliative treatment for advanced malignant biliary obstruction(MBO). While endoscopic nasobiliary drainage(ENBD) effectively reduces post-ERCP cholangitis (PEC) incidence, its impact on PEC in MBO patients is unclear. This study evaluates ENBD's effects on PEC in patients undergoing EMBE and identifies risk factors. Methods: This retrospective cohort study at the First Hospital of Jilin University involved MBO patients who underwent EMBE from September 2011 to September 2022. Propensity score matching (PSM) was applied to minimize selection bias. Primary and secondary outcomes included the incidence and recovery rate/time of PEC, biliary drainage success, and hospitalization duration. Univariate, multivariate, and Lasso regression analyses identified independent risk factors. Results: In this study of 1,008 patients, 730 were analyzed after PSM(365 each in the EMBE+ENBD and EMBE groups). No significant differences were observed in PEC incidence(10.7% vs 11.2%, p=0.9057) or recovery rates(48.7% vs 31.7%, p=0.1855). However, PEC recovery time was shorter in the EMBE+ENBD group(4.0 days [3.0, 6.0] vs 5.0 days [4.0, 7.5], p=0.0240), as was hospitalization duration(6.0 days [4.0, 8.0] vs 7.0 days [5.0, 10.0], p=0.0146), and a higher success rate of biliary drainage(54.0% vs 43.3%, p=0.0049). Tumor location(HR 1.10, 95% CI 1.00-1.20) and preoperative total bilirubin(HR 2.13, 95% CI 1.66-2.73) were identified as independent risk factors. Conclusion: In this large-scale PSM study, ENBD did not reduce PEC incidence but expedited recovery and shortened hospital stays. Patients with hilar MBO of Bismuth III-IV or high preoperative bilirubin were more prone to PEC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Remote sensing object detection remains a challenge under complex conditions such as low light, adverse weather, modality attacks or losses. Previous approaches typically alleviate this problem by enhancing visible images or leveraging multi‐modal fusion technologies. In view of this, the authors propose a unified framework based on YOLO‐World that combines the advantages of both schemes, achieving more adaptable and robust remote sensing object detection in complex real‐world scenarios. This framework introduces a unified modality modelling strategy, allowing the model to learn abundant object features from multiple remote sensing datasets. Additionally, a U‐fusion neck based on the diffusion method is designed to effectively remove modality‐specific noise and generate missing complementary features. Extensive experiments were conducted on four remote sensing image datasets: Multimodal VEDAI, DroneVehicle, unimodal VisDrone and UAVDT. This approach achieves average precision scores of 50.5%$\%$, 55.3%$\%$, 25.1%$\%$, and 20.7%$\%$, which outperforms advanced multimodal remote sensing object detection methods and low‐light image enhancement techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the rapid advancement of drone technology has led to an increasing use of drones equipped with hyperspectral sensors for ground imaging. Hyperspectral data captured via drones offer significantly higher spatial resolution, but this also introduces more complex background details and larger target scales in high-resolution hyperspectral imagery (HRHSI), posing substantial challenges for hyperspectral anomaly detection (HAD). Mainstream reconstruction-based deep learning methods predominantly emphasize spatial local information in hyperspectral images (HSIs), relying on small spatial neighborhoods for reconstruction. As a result, large anomalous targets and background details are often well reconstructed, leading to poor anomaly detection performance, as these targets are not sufficiently distinguished from the background. To address these limitations, we propose a novel HAD network for HRHSI based on large-kernel central block masked convolution and channel attention, termed LKCMCA. Specifically, we first employ the pixel-shuffle technique to reduce the size of anomalous targets without losing image information. Next, we design a large-kernel central block masked convolution to make the network pay more attention to the surrounding background information, enabling better fusion of the information between adjacent bands. This, coupled with an efficient channel attention mechanism, allows the network to capture deeper spectral features, enhancing the reconstruction of the background while suppressing anomalous targets. Furthermore, we introduce an adaptive loss function by down-weighting anomalous pixels based on the mean absolute error. This loss function is specifically designed to suppress the reconstruction of potentially anomalous pixels during network training, allowing our model to be considered an excellent background reconstruction network. By leveraging reconstruction error, the model effectively highlights anomalous targets. Meanwhile, we produced four benchmark datasets specifically for HAD tasks using existing HRHSI data, addressing the current shortage of HRHSI datasets in the HAD field. Extensive experiments demonstrate that our LKCMCA method achieves superior detection performance, outperforming ten state-of-the-art HAD methods on all datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Drawing on conservation of resources (COR) theory, this study examined the effect of developmental human resource (HR) practices on employee workplace procrastination and investigated the mediation effect of boredom at work and the moderation effects of exploitative leadership and self-leadership. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected from 443 employees across companies in China. Hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression analysis and indirect effect testing via bootstrapping in SPSS and Mplus. Findings: This study found that developmental HR practices were negatively related to employee workplace procrastination and that boredom at work mediated the relationship between developmental HR practices and employee workplace procrastination. Moreover, exploitative leadership strengthened the negative relationship between developmental HR practices and boredom at work, whereas self-leadership weakened the positive relationship between boredom at work and employee workplace procrastination. The indirect relationship between developmental HR practices and employee workplace procrastination through boredom at work was moderated by exploitative leadership and self-leadership. Originality/value: This study extended the literature on the antecedents of employee workplace procrastination. Moreover, by investigating the mediation effect of boredom at work, this study extended the underlying mechanism by which developmental HR practices affect subsequent employee outcomes. Finally, by testing the moderation effect of exploitative leadership and self-leadership, respectively, this study offered insights into the boundary conditions resultant from developmental HR practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the introduction of memristors in discrete chaotic map has attracted much attention due to its enhancement of the complexity and controllability of chaotic maps, especially in the fields of secure communication and random number generation, which have shown promising applications. In this work, a three-dimensional discrete memristive hyperchaotic map (3D-DMCHM) based on cosine memristor is constructed. First, we analyze the fixed points of the map and their stability, showing that the map can either have a linear fixed point or none at all, and the stability depends on the parameters and initial state of the map. Then, phase diagrams, bifurcation diagrams, Lyapunov exponents, timing diagrams, and attractor basins are used to analyze the complex dynamical behaviors of the 3D-DMCHM, revealing that the 3D-DMCHM enters into a chaotic state through a period-doubling bifurcation path, and some special dynamical phenomena such as multi-layer differentiation, multi-amplitude control, and offset boosting behaviors are also observed. In particular, with the change of memristor initial conditions, there exists an offset that only homogeneous hidden chaotic attractors or a mixed state offset with coexistence of point attractors and chaotic attractors. Finally, we confirmed the high complexity of 3D-DMCHM through complexity tests and successfully implemented it using a digital signal processing circuit, demonstrating its hardware feasibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Auricularia heimuer is a wood-rotting edible mushroom, and with the continuous development of the industry, the research on its grass-rotting cultivation is becoming more and more important. In this study, A. heimuer was cultivated using herbaceous substrate (reed) completely replacing the traditional woody substrate (oak), and the correlation between the relative expression of cellulase gene, cellulase activity, cellulose degradation and yield of different strains of A. heimuer were studied by combining qRT-PCR technology at different growth stages. The results showed that the cellulose degradation were positively correlated with the yield of reed and sawdust substrate at two growth stages, and were positively correlated with three cellulase activities. The relative expression of four cellulase genes were positively correlated with enzyme activity. There were inter-strain differences in the expression of the enzyme genes, which were basically consistent with the trend of the enzyme activity of the strains; g5372 and g7270 were more actively expressed in the mycelium period, while g9664 and g10234 were more actively expressed in the fruiting period. The results of SEM showed that the mycelium of A15 and A125 were different in their ability to degrade and utilize lignocellulose in reed substrate. The parental hybridization test further verified that qRT-PCR could be used as a rapid method to evaluate the cellulose degradation ability of A. heimuer strains. Seven strains (A12, A15, A184, A224, Z6, Z12, and Z18) with high cellulose degradation ability were screened. This study provides a reference for further understanding the role of A. heimuer cellulase genes in the degradation and metabolism of cellulose and for breeding new varieties more suitable for herbaceous substrate cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Considering the prevalence of type 2 diabetes (T2D), osteoporosis should be considered a serious complication. However, an effective tool for the assessment of low bone mass mineral density (BMD) in T2D patients is not currently available. Therefore, the aim of our study was to establish a simple-to-use risk assessment tool by exploring risk factors for low BMD in T2D patients. Methods: This study included 436 patients with a low BMD and 381 patients with a normal BMD. Multiple logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate risk factors for low BMD in T2D patients. A nomogram was then developed from these results. A receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, calibration plot, and goodness-of-fit test were used to validate the nomogram. The clinical utility of the nomogram was also assessed. Results: Multivariate logistic regression indicated that age, sex, education, body mass index (BMI), fasting C-peptide, high-density cholesterol (HDL), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), and type I collagen carboxy terminal peptide (S-CTX) were independent predictors for low BMD in T2D patients. The nomogram was developed from these variables using both the unadjusted area under the curve (AUC) and the bootstrap-corrected AUC (0.828). Calibration plots and the goodness-of-fit test demonstrated that the nomogram was well calibrated. Conclusions: The nomogram-illustrated model can be used by clinicians to easily predict the risk of low BMD in T2D patients. Our study also revealed that common factors are independent predictors of low BMD risk. Our results provide a new strategy for the prediction, investigation, and facilitation of low BMD in T2D patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Histological transformation into an aggressive B-cell lymphoma indicates a poor survival outcome for patients with indolent marginal zone lymphoma (MZL), which has been less studied. Large-scale data with long-term follow-up to investigate MZL transformation is limited. Here, by reporting a US-Nationwide cohort of 30,619 MZL patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2019, we found that transformation occurred in 2.08% (N = 624) of MZL cases, with the transformation incidence of 3.1 per 1,000 person-years. Advanced Ann Arbor stage, nodal MZL (NMZL) and splenic MZL (SMZL) were associated with an elevated risk of transformation. Certain subtype-specific characteristics, such as non-gastric extra-nodal MZL (vs. gastric, HR, 1.51, 95%CI 1.13–2.04; p = 0.006), and receiving splenectomy for SMZL (HR, 2.04, 95%CI 1.28–3.26; p = 0.003), also indicated a higher risk of transformation. Besides, transformation independently increased the overall mortality risk (HR, 1.38, 95%CI 1.24–1.53, p < 0.001), especially the higher lymphoma-caused mortality risk (HR, 3.21, 95%CI 2.81–3.67, p < 0.001). Transformation was also associated with a higher percentage of lymphoma-caused deaths. The post-transformation prognostic analyses demonstrated that female gender and age ≥ 65 years independently affected patients' mortalities. These findings, based on the largest cohort to date, contribute to a better understanding of transformed MZL, and provide valuable reference points for guidelines and patient counseling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marcus stochastic delay differential equations are often used to model stochastic dynamical systems with memory in science and engineering. It is challenging to study the existence, uniqueness, and probability density of Marcus stochastic delay differential equations, due to the fact that the delays cause very complicated correction terms. In this paper, we identify Marcus stochastic delay differential equations with some Marcus stochastic differential equations without delays but subject to extra constraints. This helps us to obtain the following two main results: (i) we establish a sufficient condition for the existence and uniqueness of the solution to the Marcus delay differential equations; and (ii) we establish a representation formula for the probability density of the Marcus stochastic delay differential equations. In the representation formula, the probability density for Marcus stochastic differential equations with memory is analytically expressed in terms of probability density for the corresponding Marcus stochastic differential equations without memory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A ternary iron–cobalt–nickel hydroxide nanoarray catalyst was fabricated, which achieves enhanced performance towards electro-oxidative depolymerization of lignin models to produce benzoic acid and phenol. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scabrol B and Scabrol C, two newly identified iridoid derivatives (1 and 2) and six known compounds (3–8), were extracted from the roots of Patrinia scabra. The structures of these derivatives, including their absolute configurations, were elucidated via comprehensive NMR analysis, chemical derivatization, and quantum chemical ECD calculations. All isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-renal fibrosis activity. The results demonstrate that compounds 1 and 2 showed dose-dependent protective effects against renal fibrosis in vitro by reducing the expression of fibronectin, collagen I, and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in NRK-49f cells mediated by TGF-β1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reverse logistics network design is a complex decision-making problem that involves the reuse, repair, remanufacturing, and recycling of end-of-life (EOL) under the tradeoff among conflicting objectives. The cutting-edge technologies in Industry 4.0 are now leading to an unprecedented and dynamic transformation of reverse logistics systems, which, however, further complicates the initial network design. In this paper, a two-level decision-support framework combined with both optimization and dynamic simulation is proposed to balance the cost, environmental impact, and service level in smart and sustainable reverse logistics network design under a dynamically evolving and stochastic environment. The results of a real-world case study in Norway show that the method can better support robust strategic decisions, eliminate dominated/near-dominated solutions, and yield holistic performance analyses considering smart reverse logistics transformation. The proposed two-level decision-support framework can better analyze the impact of the technology transformation of Industry 4.0 on reverse logistics systems, while it also provides a fundamental structure for digital reverse logistics twin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Object detection in unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) aerial images has become increasingly important in military and civil applications. General object detection models are not robust enough against interclass similarity and intraclass variability of small objects, and UAV-specific nuisances such as uncontrolled weather conditions. Unlike previous approaches focusing on high-level semantic information, we report the importance of underlying features to improve detection accuracy and robustness from the information-theoretic perspective. Specifically, we propose a robust and discriminative feature learning approach through mutual information maximization (RD-MIM), which can be integrated into numerous object detection methods for aerial images. Firstly, we present the rank sample mining method to reduce underlying feature differences between the natural image domain and the aerial image domain. Then, we design a momentum contrast learning strategy to make object features similar to the same category and dissimilar to different categories. Finally, we construct a transformer-based global attention mechanism to boost object location semantics by leveraging the high interrelation of different receptive fields. We conduct extensive experiments on the VisDrone and Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Benchmark Object Detection and Tracking (UAVDT) datasets to prove the effectiveness of the proposed method. The experimental results show that our approach brings considerable robustness gains to basic detectors and advanced detection methods, achieving relative growth rates of 51.0% and 39.4% in corruption robustness, respectively. Our code is available at (accessed on 2 August 2024). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Communication technology plays a crucial role in facilitating remote collaborative work. This study investigated sex differences in Perceived Participation Equality and User Experience across different communication formats, i.e., face-to-face communication, conventional video conferences, and Virtual Reality (VR). An empirical study was conducted involving 15 groups, each comprising three participants, who engaged in a decision-making task. A research model was developed to evaluate the interplay between perceived participation equality, empathy, and immersion. This model was employed across three communication conditions and included both male and female participants. These findings on sex differences in user experience could help create a connected, cohesive, and productive remote collaborative work environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nitrous acid (HONO), a key precursor of hydroxyl radicals (OH), is one of the factors affecting atmospheric chemistry and air quality. Currently, the proposed sources of HONO are not able to fully explain observed HONO concentrations. In this study, a comprehensive field observation of HONO was conducted in the autumn of 2021 in urban Beijing. The box model using a default Master Chemical Mechanism (MCM) was unable to reproduce the observed HONO concentrations with a normalized mean bias (NMB) of −92.8%. The NMB improved to −46.1% after the inclusion of seven additional HONO formation pathways. Several factors like vehicle emission factor (1.23%) and nocturnal NO2 heterogeneous uptake coefficient on the ground surface (8.25 × 10−6) were calculated based on observational data. The enhancement factor for nocturnal NO2 heterogeneous conversion was established as a function of relative humidity (RH) and incorporated into the model, which compensated for the missing nocturnal HONO sources and well-reproduced the observed HONO concentrations, with an NMB of −5.1%. The major source of HONO at night was found to be the heterogeneous reaction of NO2 on the ground surface, contributing up to 85.6%. During the daytime, it was the homogeneous reaction of NO with OH, accounting for 41.8%. The daytime primary source of OH was mainly the photolysis of HONO, which constituted 73.6% and therefore promoted the formation of secondary pollutants and exacerbated haze events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding and controlling the polarity of organic materials is essential for a broad range of organic electronic applications. It is commonly assumed that the charge carrier type of organic hybrid materials is dominated by the charge carrier type of the two components, either holes or electrons. Here, through the Seebeck coefficient, we show that unusual mobile electrons contribute substantially to charge-carrier transport in hybrid films made of traditional p-type emeraldine base polyaniline (PANI) and p-type single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs). To the best of our knowledge, n-type PANI/SWCNT hybrid films with no dopants have never been reported yet. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-vis) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra suggest that the ground-state electron-transfer from PANI to SWCNTs is mainly responsible for the n-type properties. The obtained n-type PANI–SWCNT hybrid films exhibit a high n-type thermoelectric power factor of 1031 μW m−1 K−2, which is among the highest values for PANI/SWCNT hybrid films reported in the literature. The results demonstrate a promising way for high-performance n-type thermoelectric materials, which may light the enthusiasm for understanding and controlling the charge polarity of organic materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obturator nerve injury (ONI) is a rare complication of pelvic lymph node dissection (PLND). Once ONI occurs, ipsilateral lower limb sensory and motor dysfunction occurs, even affecting daily life. During PLND operation, different types of obturator nerve injuries occur due to various injury mechanisms, and different repair strategies are available according to different injury types. The fundamental repair strategy is to restore the anatomical structure of obturator nerve. Timely intraoperative surgical repair, postoperative adjuvant drug or physical therapy, and the prognosis is good. The purpose of this article is to summarize the treatment and prevention of different types of ONI during PLND for prostate cancer and bladder cancer, which has guiding significance for urologists to avoid and treat ONI during PLND. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNA is regarded as a significant biomarker for cancer diagnosis, disease process evaluation and therapeutic guidance, and dual-parameter measurement may contribute to a more accurate and realistic assessment. To meet the urgent need for simultaneous detection of multiple biomarkers, we combined three-dimensional DNAzyme motors with single molecule imaging technique to construct a convenient, intuitive, and sensitive approach for the simultaneous detection of dual miRNAs in the free state or in extracellular vesicles. Quantification of target miRNAs can be realized through the detection of amplified fluorescence signals generated by the target miRNA-initiated cleavage of fluorescent substrate strands by the DNAzyme motors. The practicability was systematically validated with microRNA-21-5p and microRNA-10b-5p as targets, acquiring a satisfactory sensitivity sufficient to detect low abundance targets at 0.5 or 1 pM to 100 pM. Besides, the extracellular vesicular miRNAs can be conveniently detected without extraction. The clinical applicability was verified with a series of extracellular vesicles from clinical samples, which exhibited good distinguishability between colorectal cancer patients and healthy donors. In addition to the advantages of good specificity and high sensitivity, the system has potential to be easily adapted by minor alteration of the DNA sequences and fluorophore sets for detection of multiple miRNAs and even other types of biomarkers such as proteins. Therefore, it shows promise to be widely applied in various fields such as early diagnosis of cancer and its prognostic assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) are commonly used as seed cells in tissue‐engineered vascular constructions. However, their variable phenotypes and difficult to control functions pose challenges. This study aimed to overcome these obstacles using a three‐dimensional culture system. Methods: Calf VSMCs were administered tumor necrosis factor‐alpha (TNF‐α) before culturing in two‐ and three‐dimensional well plates and polyglycolic acid (PGA) scaffolds, respectively. The phenotypic markers of VSMCs were detected by immunofluorescence staining and western blotting, and the proliferation and migration abilities of VSMCs were detected by CCK‐8, EDU, cell counting, scratch, and Transwell assays. Results: TNF‐α rapidly decreased the contractile phenotypic markers and elevated the synthetic phenotypic markers of VSMCs, as well as markedly increasing the proliferation and migration ability of VSMCs under two‐ and three‐dimensional culture conditions. Conclusions: TNF‐α can rapidly induce a phenotypic shift in VSMCs and change their viability on PGA scaffolds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultivation of Auricularia heimuer, a species of edible mushroom, heavily relies on the availability of wood resources serving as substrate for the growth of the species. To ensure the sustainable development of the A. heimuer industry and optimize the utilization of corncob as a substrate, this study sought to investigate the potential use of corncob as a substrate for the cultivation of A. heimuer. The purpose of this study was to explore the utilization of corncob lignocellulose by A. heimuer at the mycelium, primordium, and fruiting stages, by specifically examining the expression profiles of both carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and the transcriptome of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) relevant to corncob biomass degradation. The results revealed 10,979, 10,630, and 11,061 DEGs at the mycelium, primordium, and fruiting stages, respectively, while 639 DGEs were identified as carbohydrate-active enzymes. Of particular interest were 46 differentially expressed CAZymes genes that were associated directly with lignocellulose degradation. Furthermore, the study found that A. heimuer exhibited adaptive changes that enabled it to effectively utilize the cellulose present in the corncob. These changes were observed primarily at the primordium and fruiting stages. Key genes involved in lignocellulose degradation were also identified, including g6952, g8349, g12487, and g2976 at the mycelium stage, g5775, g2857, g3018, and g11016 at the primordium stage, and g10290, g2857, g12385, g7656, and g8953 at the fruiting stage. This study found that lytic polysaccharide monooxygenase (LPMO) played a crucial role in the degradation of corncob cellulose, further highlighting the complexity of the molecular mechanisms involved in the degradation of lignocellulose biomass by A. heimuer. The study sheds light on the molecular mechanisms underlying the ability of A. heimuer to degrade corncob biomass, with implications for the efficient utilization of lignocellulose resources. The findings from this study may facilitate the development of innovative biotechnologies for the transformation of corncob biomass into useful products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The general form of the Hamiltonian function serves as the foundation for the creation of a new four-dimensional chaotic system in this study. We discover that the external excitation parameter d , the internal parameter a , and all initial values have a transforming influence on the system property. Additionally, the corresponding fractional-order chaotic system in accordance with the constructed four-dimensional chaotic system is proposed. It is found that as the order q rises, the system transforms gradually from a dissipative system to a conservative system. Multiple coexisting attraction flows based on the Hamiltonian energy magnitude are present in this dual-property chaotic system. The complexity analysis shows that the system has a high level of complexity. NIST test indicates that the chaotic sequences produced by this dual-property chaotic system exhibit good pseudo-randomness. Finally, a Digital Signal Processing-based hardware platform confirms the physical realizability of the system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]