Search

Corona virus disease-2019 abbreviated by Covid-19 is an infectious illness that initially occurred in Wuhan, China, in December 2019. This disease is caused by Corona virus that causes sick in animal or human. Corona virus causes the disease Covid-19. Because it has caused many sufferers around the world, this illness is considered a pandemic. The respiratory tract is an area that is easily affected by Covid-19. This infectious disease can spread when the sufferer cough, sneeze, and talk. Some of wall of respiratory tract will be released along with a splash of saliva called droplet. This research wants to find out the causes of the Covid-19 disease. Statistics related to this problem is survival analysis. The data analyzed is incidence of Covid-19 patient who are hospitalized. Because there are events with different starting times, type 3 data censorship is used. Data changes are logged every day. Data taken is data with uncensored status. This data is data when the patient has left the hospital with a recovered condition. The function related to time of hospitalization is the survival function, while the function related to censored and uncensored time is the hazard function. Regression model using simple period logit and multiple period logit. Simple period logit is logit function of the univariate hazard function which is a simple linear regression function with a time period. Meanwhile, multiple period logit is a development of the simple period logit. It is a logit function of the multivariate hazard function which is a multiple linear regression function with time periods. This hazard function is useful for determining the odds ratio. Research variables consist of response variable, indicator and covariates. The response variable is survival time, and the indicator variable is patient status, while the covariates are age, gender, symptom, systolic, diastolic, pulse, respiration, temperature, saturation, comorbid, and smoker. the Kaplan-Meier survival curve indicated that the longer patient is treated with treatment, the greater chance of patient being declared cured. Younger patients have a relatively faster recovery than older patients. Patients with asymptomatic conditions have a higher chance of recovering from the disease compared to symptomatic patients. Simple period logit modeling gives result that significant covariates on healing factor of Covid-19 patient are age and symptom covariates. But in multiple period logit modeling resulted in the factors causing the healing of covid-19 patients are age, symptom, respiration, and comorbid. The best hazard function is affected by covariates of age, symptom, respiration, and comorbid. Therefore, factors associated with Covid-19 are age, symptom, respiration, and comorbid. Factors of young age, asymptomatic, normal respiration, and no comorbidities have an effect on chance of recovering faster in patients with covid-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If data values are sorted from smallest to largest, they produce a sequence of monotonically increasing data. Statistics with random variables ordered from smallest to largest value are called order statistics. The ordered statistics will be applied to exponentially distributed data. The exponential distribution is the distribution of random variables that spread according to the exponential function. The statistical method discussed is probability density function of exponential distribution of order statistics. This function is useful for creating cumulative distribution and reliability functions from ordered statistic. Random variables that are processed, namely minimum, median, and maximum of random variables. The probability density function is useful for determining the probability distribution of a random variable. The cumulative distribution function is useful for knowing the maximum value of a random variable. Meanwhile the reliability function is useful for knowing the minimum value of a random variable. They will process all ordered statistics random variables from the smallest value to the largest value. These functions will be applied at lamp lifetime. This study be assumed that lamp lifetime is exponentially distributed. The problem in this research is how to determine minimum, median, and maximum values of lamp life. While the aim of this study is to construct a probability density function from exponential distribution of order statistics, in order to obtain minimum, median, and maximum lamp lifetime. The lamp lifetime will be predicted using cumulative distribution and reliability functions. Based on calculation obtained the result that minimum value of ordered statistics that lamp lifetime is 3.5 months, median value of ordered statistics that lamp lifetime is 220 months, and maximum value of ordered statistics that lamp lifetime is 240 months. By knowing lifetime of lamp by reliability, the company can determine length of warranty period for the lamp product. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In preparation for the utilization of green energy sources and to ensure the sustainability of the national energy system in Indonesia, the nuclear power plant is an option for green energy technology. Since 2014, BATAN (National Nuclear Energy Agency) has taken steps to develop a High Temperature Gas Cooled Reactor (HTGR) technology through the Experimental Power Reactor (EPR) program which is a Non-Commercial Power Reactor. HTGR technology was chosen for EPR because of its inherent safety system, higher power efficiency, and cogeneration reactor. The safety system is the most critical system of a nuclear power plant, so it should be designed with the highest reliability requirements. This study aims to support EPR development activities, especially in developing a Programmable Logic Controller (PLC)-based Reactor Protection System (RPS). RPS is part of the nuclear reactor safety system that functions to keep the reactor operating within normal limits. If any operating parameters exceed the safety limit, the RPS will automatically trip the reactor. The RPS is designed by considering the Design Basic Accident and General Design Criteria of the reactor safety system. In this research, the design of the RPS architecture uses a redundancy logic of 2 out of 3. The RPS output signal will initiate the actuation of the control rod drop and activate the engineered safety features. The result of RPS design includes the RPS design criteria, determination of RPS input signal, RPS architecture modeling, and PLC-based RPS implementation. From the test results, it is found that this RPS can carry out the reactor protection functions in case of abnormal operation contained in the DBA. The measurement of RPS response time indicates this RPS meets the design requirements regarding RPS response time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The RSG-GAS reactor is one of the research reactors owned by the Research Organization for Nuclear Energy, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), with a nominal power of 30 MW, which has been operating since 1987. The reactor components will naturally experience degradation due to age and other factors, such as radiation, impurities, and corrosion. The RSG-GAS reactor dissipates heat generated by fission through primary and secondary cooling pipes. The primary cooling pipe, which is made of carbon steel, transfers heat from the reactor core to the heat exchanger. In this research, the capability of Acoustic Emission to monitor the primary cooling pipe will be investigated. The acoustic emission will be simulated using computational fluid dynamics to account for the flow influence in the primary cooling pipe that connects the reactor tank to the heat exchanger. The result shows that the optimal location to place AE sensors is near the main pump, and the higher the flow rate, the higher the acoustic power. Additionally, a Loss of Flow Accident model has been developed and can be used as a new approach to determine the acoustic power burst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humans have two kinds of variables related to their health. These variables are age, and fasting glucose level. It turns out that glucose levels change with time. This study wanted to find model of relationship between age and fasting glucose level. The models tested were linear model, logarithm model and logarithm linear regression model. The model used is a significant model. Each model was measured for error accuracy using the mean square error (MSE) and Akaike information criterion (AIC). Criteria for selecting the best model using the smallest MSE and AIC values. The best model is the logarithm linear model. The fastest prediction time for someone suffering from prediabetes is 51 years. Therefore, starting from that age a person needs to be careful to maintain his glucose levels in order to avoid diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The microalgae industry produces and processes microalgae such as Arthrospira platensis, Chlorella Vulgaris, and Haematococcus Pluvialis as raw materials. The product of the microalgae industry in Indonesia consists of raw materials, extract products, and retail products. The sales activity tends to rise, impacting the financial conditions of the industry in good condition. The potential of this business field is vast with open market demand so that the continuity of production and marketing of diversified products is still guaranteed. Problems and needs facing the Microalgae industry in Indonesia are the whole processes from upstream to downstream in the microalgae industry still manual. It replaced conventional methods with more efficient advanced green technologies that offer greater product quantity and low environmental impact. Literature reviews, observations in the industry, and interviews to evaluate development strategies to help the microalgae industry solves the problems in cultivation, drying techniques, standard fulfillment, and marketing by applying more efficient technology. Based on the analysis of conditions and opportunities, there are some critical aspects of microalgae industry development, namely the creation of an online monitoring application system of production pools that can be implemented in the field according to standards; construction design of encapsulation include spray drying. Moreover, a circular economy fulfills food safety standards such as halal certification, Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point, and Good Manufacturing Practice standards. Additionally, improvement of qualifications and competencies of reliable marketing personnel in the manufacture of marketing tools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the fast development of the global economy and population, there has been an increase in the amount of wastewater and industrial effluents being discharged into rivers and lakes, resulting in deterioration of water quality and a reduction in the availability of freshwater resources. A comprehensive discussion of the topic of Industrial Wastewater Treatment Integrated for Sustainable Green Industry 4.0, including the difficulties and possible solutions that may be encountered along the way, is provided in this article. According to the results of this study, industrial wastewater treatment that uses online/real-time water for quality monitoring and control has shown great promise in terms of quality monitoring and control when utilizing online/real-time water. Implementing such a system in industrial wastewater treatment may offer an early warning system for poor treatment while increasing the quantity and quality of the end product, both of which are desired outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plastic waste comes from household and industrial anthropogenic activities. The amount of plastic waste in Indonesian waters is 187.2 million tons per year. Plastic waste in the waters is degraded into small pieces <5mm in size, called microplastics. The raw material for making salt is sea water that enters the ponds to crystallization ponds. This study aims to analyze the number of microplastics in the salt fields in Rembang. The methods used are microscopy to count the number of microplastics (MPs) particles and FTIR to identify the types of microplastics in evaporation pond and salt crystal. The result showed that the average of the two locations obtained MPs as much as for location 1 as much as 15.5-16x103, location 2 as much as 13 x103-13.25x103 particles MPs / m3. The average sea water in the salt field in Rembang Regency is 14.44x103 particles of MPs / m3 The FTIR analyzed that evaporation pond, contains polymer type PS, PP, HDPE, Nylon, PET, Polyamide and for salt crystals at location 1 consisted of PS, PP, PE, PETE, Nylon plastics. Location 2 consists of PS, PP, PETE, Nylon, PVC plastics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hazardous industrial solid wastes require proper management to prevent negative impacts on human’s health and the environment. The generation of paint waste in the cosmetics industry is managed based on the hierarchy of waste management, starting from prevention, and then reduction, reuse, recycle, recovery and waste to product. Technical feasibility studies on improvement of the production and treatment of waste are used as an initial step in the selection of waste management models, followed by consideration of the environmental aspect and health effect of industrial workers. Efforts to reduce waste generation can be done by improving the production process and applying standard operating procedures. Implementing waste to product approach gave economic as well as environmental benefits. This option is possible based on the characteristic of paint waste including toxicity as Lethal Dose 50 and Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure test result. Utilization of paint waste as fuel for boilers is one option, besides the use of paint waste as raw material for making paving blocks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The beverage industry wastewater contains high COD, TSS, and color. The development of efficient process treatment is needed to reduce the pollutant concentration from beverage industry wastewater. In this paper, the application of electrocoagulation and adsorption using activated carbon were investigated. The optimum conditions for electrocoagulation process were inter-electrode distance 2 cm, 12 voltage and monopolar arrangement which reduced color, COD, and TSS for 51.3, 56.3, and 70.2%, respectively. The further step was adsorption process with 10 g/L dose of powder activated carbon. It reduced color, COD, and TSS for 98.66, 92.15, and 90.12%, respectively. The results showed that electrocoagulation and adsorption could treat beverage industry wastewater into fulfilled the established quality standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]