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This is the first review study that focuses on the interplay between China's regulated and voluntary carbon markets, the Emissions Trading System (ETS), the China Certified Emission Reduction (CCER) scheme, and their combined influence on the development of renewable energy in the country. Through a comparative literature review of 52 peer-reviewed academic papers published between 2009 and 2024, this study aims to elucidate how these market mechanisms interact to drive renewable energy deployment. The findings indicate that both the ETS and the CCER system positively affect China's renewable energy landscape. The ETS, with its Cap-and-Trade (CaT) mechanism, sets a cap on total emissions and allows for the trading of emission quotas, thereby creating financial incentives for companies to reduce emissions and invest in renewable energy. The CCER scheme complements the ETS by allowing companies to use the CCER scheme for a capped share of their ETS certificates, whereby the lower CCER price diverts investments to where the saved ton of CO2 in China is cheapest, further incentivizing investments in renewable energy. This dual mechanism allows for a more flexible and cost-effective approach to achieving emission reduction targets, thereby fostering an environment conducive to investment in renewable energy. It will stimulate additional investment in renewable energy projects in the long run, particularly in economically underdeveloped regions, contributing to both local economic development and national emission reduction targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Türkiye adopted a new regime on bearer share certificates to comply with the Recommendations of the Financial Action Task Force on money laundering by promulgating the Law on Preventing Financing of Proliferation of Mass Destruction Weapons on 31 December 2020. This new law does not prohibit the issuance of bearer share certificates but ends the anonymity of the holders. According to the new law, the holders of bearer share certificates shall be registered in a centralized registry. In case of transfer of the certificates, the new holder must also be registered in the registry. In this paper, I will first give brief information on shares in Turkish law. Subsequently, I will explain the new system prescribed by the Law on Preventing Financing of Proliferation of Mass Destruction Weapons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Banking & Commercial Law Journal / Banka ve Ticaret Hukuk Dergisi is the property of Research Institute of Banking & Commercial Law and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nachhaltigkeitsrecht is the property of Verlag Oesterreich GmbH and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article explores the significance of terminological knowledge in specialized translation, particularly in scientific and technical writing. It emphasizes the role of translators as language mediators and the challenges they face in identifying and understanding terms and finding suitable equivalents in the target language. The article recommends collaboration with domain experts and accessing various sources of terminological information. It also discusses the relationship between terms and concepts and the difficulties of translating highly specialized texts. Additionally, the article focuses on the terminological issues and repetitive structures in the field of economics and finance, specifically related to the concept of capitalization. It highlights the importance of accurately conveying specialized information in translation and staying updated on evolving language and specialized vocabularies. [Extracted from the article]

This article examines the issuance of 'certificates of stock' in return for financial donations towards missionary chapels and schoolhouses in the late nineteenth-century American Presbyterian home missionary enterprise. No dividend or interest payment was made by the missionary agency. Instead, fundraisers explained that the 'dividends' on these 'investments' were spiritual, promising donors an improvement in their spiritual lives now, and potentially even greater 'returns' in the hereafter. The emergence of this method of raising funds is an example of how American religious organisations have used the methods of the commercial world in their fundraising strategies. However, as this article shows, it also sheds light on the mutual entanglement of religion and economy, values, and finance in the spheres of both the market and the church. At a time when many American Protestants were morally ambiguous about investor capitalism, the emergence and development of this mode of fundraising represented one of the ways investor capitalism was legitimised as a necessary, and respectable, economic activity for Protestant believers in a modern capitalist economy. At the same time, it also reflected a broader reframing of financial donations as worship within the Presbyterian Church. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sustainability certificates are increasingly used as tools for shaping bioeconomic production processes and trade. However, their specific effects are subjected to debate. A multitude of certificate schemes and standards are currently in use, defining and measuring sustainability in the bioeconomy in highly varying ways. Different representations of environmental effects, resulting from the use of different standards or scientific methods in certification, can have very real implications for how, where and to which degree bioeconomic production can be conducted and the environment will be conserved. Further, the implications for bioeconomic production practices and management embedded in the environmental knowledge employed in bioeconomic sustainability certificates will produce different winners and losers, and privilege some societal or individual concerns at the expense of others. In this way, sustainability certificates share some characteristics with other standards and policy tools that embody political contingencies, but are presented and often understood as objective and neutral. The paper argues that the politics of environmental knowledge involved in these processes warrant more awareness, scrutiny and explicit consideration from decision makers, policy developers and researchers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent times, technology development has greatly influenced the model of Blockchain for communication due to extensive digitalization worldwide. Moreover, blockchain technology plays an essential part in the role of an educational system for sharing important data between students and teachers. However, the security hazard is the main problem while transferring the data because the malicious attacker may be able to hack the essential data in communication. A novel Signature-based Rivest Shamir Framework (SbRSF) is proposed to overcome such issues for privacy limit maintenance and security action improvement. Also, the harmful attack in data transmission is estimated by this projected approach. The implementation of this research has been done on the python platform. Hence, the proposed model has gained 98.03% throughput, encryption, and decryption time of 5 ms and reduced the error rate to 0.2%. Moreover, the achieved results are compared with the conventional methods, such as the Elliptic curve model, sensitivity-based elliptic crypto scheme, and secure record sharing, to validate the significance of the projected approach in blockchain development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article explores the concept of negotiability of shares and its impact on the interests of the "true owner." It discusses the evolution of stock certificates and the criticism surrounding negotiability. The article examines arguments for and against negotiability, with some scholars advocating for the protection of the true owner's rights and others arguing for market efficiency and liquidity. The text also discusses the importance of transparency in stock exchanges, the role of diversification in mitigating risk, and historical innovations in stock trading. Overall, the text emphasizes the importance of transparency and risk management in stock markets. Additionally, the article discusses street name registration in the stock market and its impact on liquidity and ownership. It argues that negotiability is beneficial for non-trading stockholders, as it increases the value of their shares and allows them to use them as collateral. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents a survey on investment securities under the Uniform Commercial Code (UCC) focusing on the case re Karcredit LLC, wherein a secured lender's protected purchaser status was considered after a wrongfully invalidated stock collateral. The court found the issuer of the certified stock liable for the first lender's lost of first-priority security position in the stock and damages equal to the value of debt secured. The potential harms of conflicting property rights are discussed.

The article outlines proposed amendments to Sections 6.04 and 6.25 of the U.S. Model Business Corporation Act relating to bearer shares and scrip. It presents changes to existing provisions governing issuance and handling of fractional shares, sale of fractional share interests, conditions for the issuance of scrip certificates, form and content of share certificates, and minimum requirements for share certificates.

Copyright of Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekonomik Yorumlar is the property of Journal of Financial Politic & Economic Reviews / Finans Politik & Ekomomik Yorumlar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)