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Negative life events (NLEs) are associated with psychopathology in older adolescents and adults, particularly for women. However, less is known about the association between positive life events (PLEs) and psychopathology. This study examined associations between NLEs, PLEs, and their interaction, and sex differences in associations between PLEs and NLEs on internalizing and externalizing psychopathology. Youth completed interviews about NLEs and PLEs. Parents and youth reported on youth internalizing and externalizing symptoms. NLEs were positively associated with youth-reported depression and anxiety and parent-reported youth depression. Female youth had stronger positive associations between NLEs and youth-reported anxiety than male youth. Interactions between PLEs and NLEs were non-significant. Findings for NLEs and psychopathology are extended to earlier in development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There are numerous studies evidencing that rumination is associated with risk for depressive symptoms and that sex differences in both rumination and depression emerge in adolescence. Though there is a substantial amount of research examining sex differences in rumination, few studies have explored the possible contribution of measurement properties to these differences, particularly during the developmental transition from childhood to adolescence. Methods: This study examined whether there are developmental and sex differences in the measurement of rumination, assessed longitudinally at ages 9, 12, and 15 using the Children's Response Style Questionnaire (CRSQ; Abela et al., 2002). Results: Estimated models of configural, metric, and scalar invariance demonstrated excellent fit longitudinally. Further, models demonstrated good fit for configural, metric, and partial scalar invariance across sex at each time point. Conclusions: These findings suggest mean-level changes in self-reported rumination across time are not impacted by changes in measurement properties of the CRSQ items. Additionally, mean-level differences in self-reported rumination across sex appear to reflect true differences and are not influenced by differences in measurement properties of items on the CRSQ. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]