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Background: Adequate vocal cord paralysis and full recovery of laryngeal muscle function are important when muscle relaxants are used perioperatively. This study was designed to compare the effects of vecuronium and rocuronium at the vocal cord abductor and adductor muscles and the anterior tibial muscle in cats. Methods: Twelve adult cats were studied under pentobarbitone-N2O/O2-anesthesia. After supramaximal electrical stimulation of the peroneal nerve and the recurrent laryngeal nerve (0.1 Hz and intermittent train-of-four) evoked electromyographic responses were obtained from the anterior tibial muscle, the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (vocal cord abductor) and two vocal cord adductor muscles, the lateral cricoarytenoid and the vocal muscle. Six cats received bolus doses of increasing size of vecuronium (ED90 22.5 μg · kg-1) and six cats rocuronium (ED90 90 μg · kg-1). Results: Equipotent doses of vecuronium and rocuronium caused a similar degree of paralysis in all muscles (vecuronium ED90: 70% blockade at the posterior cricoarytenoid, 83% at the lateral cricoarytenoid, 84% at the vocal muscle and 90% at the anterior tibial muscle; rocuronium ED90: 71% at the posterior cricoarytenoid, 67% at the lateral cricoarytenoid, 78% at the vocal muscle and 90% at the anterior tibial muscle; vecuronium 2×ED90: 93% blockade at the posterior cricoarytenoid, 95% at the lateral cricoarytenoid, 97% at the vocal muscle and 99% at the anterior tibial muscle; rocuronium 2×ED90: 89% blockade at the posterior and lateral cricoarytenoid, 93% at the vocal muscle and 100% at the anterior tibial muscle). Onset time was significantly shorter at the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (290 s) compared to the lateral cricoarytenoid muscle (400 s) after vecuronium ED90 and to the vocal muscle (150 s versus 210 s) after rocuronium ED90. Compared to the anterior tibial muscle (interval 25–75%: 6.5 min after vecuronium 2×ED90 and 3.3 min after rocuronium 2×ED90) and to the posterior cricoarytenoid muscle (interval 25–75%: 7 min after vecuronium 2×ED90 and 4.3 min after rocuronium 2×ED90), recovery of laryngeal adductor muscle function was markedly delayed with both neuromuscular blocking drugs (interval 25–75% at the lateral cricoarytenoid and vocal muscle: 14 min and 15.8 min after vecuronium 2×ED90 and 10.3 min and 11.6 min after rocuronium 2×ED90 respectively). Conclusion: In cats, the time course of neuromuscular blockade after vecuronium and rocuronium differs in antagonistic laryngeal muscles. The protective laryngeal function of glottis closure recovers later than vocal cord abduction after both vecuronium and rocuronium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urinary catecholamine excretion and thyroid hormone blood level were studied in 16 patients following severe cerebral trauma. Increased excretion rates of epinephrine and norepinephrine were found. There was no significant difference in the catecholamine excretion when compared with generally traumatized patients. The relationships between catecholamine excretion, increased metabolic rates, and negative nitrogen balance indicate that in patients with a midbrain syndrome there exists an additional diencephalic metabolic factor, which leads to a rise in fat oxidation and perpetuation of catabolism. Early high caloric parenteral nutrition seems to inhibit the initial increase of catecholamine excretion and thus protects the body from an unnecessary breakdown of its own reserves. If the course is classified according to neurological stages, it can be shown that patients with a traumatic apallic syndrome in poor condition have a high increase of catecholamine excretion. Secretion of thyroid hormones is not influenced significantly by cerebral trauma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effects of a 1.8 % dextrane-Ringer's-lactate solution were tested on 16 critically ill patients in an Intensive Care Unit. The following variables were evaluated: Plasma expansion, circulatory effects, intravascular retention time of the colloid component and haemodilution as well as the impact of the solution on electrolyte balance, acid-base equilibrium, on diuresis, coagulation and carbohydrate metabolism. The tests showed that immediately following infusion a moderate rise in intravascular volume is registered that corresponds to about 1/2 to 1/3 of the volume administered. This effect disappeared after four hours. Negative impact on circulation, coagulation, electrolyte and acid-base balance was observed. The results are discussed in the light of experience gained with similar solutions by several other investigators. Possible improvements (e.g. higher dextrane concentration) were suggested. The use of the test solution for volume replacement (and possibly for treating shock acidosis) is generally admissible in less severe blood loss. It is recommended, however, to administer about 2-3 times the lost volume. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The calcium channel blockers verapamil, methoxyverapamil, diltiazem, and nisoldipine have been tested for interactions with the nondepolarizing muscle relaxant pancuronium bromide by using the indirectly stimulated in vitro preparation of the rat hemidiaphragm. Dose response curves of each calcium channel blocker, pancuronium bromide, and combinations of both were determined. Each of the four calcium channel blocking drugs showed agonistic interaction in potentiating pancuronium induced neuromuscular blockade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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We investigated the effect of large volume replacement with balanced electrolyte solutions on extravascular lung water (EVLW) in 16 adult surgical patients with sepsis syndrome. Patients entered the study within the 24 h period following surgical interventions for acute necrotizing pancreatitis, intra-abdominal abscesses, and/or peritonitis. Sequential measurements (n = 108) were made at intervals of 6-12 h over a 48 h period. There were no significant differences between initial and final values of thermal-dye EVLW (5.0 +/- 1.1 vs. 5.7 +/- 1.1 ml/kg), plasma colloid osmotic pressure (COP, 13.3 +/- 2.5 vs. 13.2 +/- 2.9 mmHg), pulmonary artery wedge pressure (PAWP, 9.2 +/- 3.0 vs. 10.8 +/- 3.0 mmHg), and COP-PAWP gradient (4.0 +/- 3.5 vs. 2.4 +/- 3.9 mmHg). All results expressed as (mean +/- SD). The EVLW did not correlate with plasma COP, PAWP, or COP-PAWP gradient. We conclude that large volume replacement with balanced electrolyte solutions with the secondary decrease in plasma COP and COP-PAWP gradient do not necessarily contribute to a substantial increase in EVLW. This study fails to show any causal relationship between decrease in plasma COP or COP-PAWP gradient and oedema formation in the lung. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Zeitschrift Für Krebsforschung is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Klinische Wochenschrift is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Klinische Wochenschrift is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Langenbecks Archiv fuer Chirurgie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Klinische Wochenschrift is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)