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The article titled "LOLIUM MULTIFLORUM (POACEAE: POOIDEAE): AN ADDITION TO THE EXOTIC WEED FLORA OF UTTAR PRADESH, INDIA" discusses the discovery of Lolium multiflorum, a species of grass, in Uttar Pradesh, India. The authors collected two species of Euphorbia during botanical excursions in West Bengal, India. The article provides detailed descriptions, habitat information, and distribution of these two weedy species for ease of identification. The article also includes taxonomic treatment and phenology of Euphorbia hypericifolia. The document provides a taxonomic description of the plant species Lolium multiflorum Lam, including details about its morphology, habitat, distribution, and flowering and fruiting periods. The plant is described as an occasional exotic weed found along roadsides and in agricultural fields. The document also acknowledges the support of Swami Ramdev Ji and the reviewer of the Journal of Economic and Taxonomic Botany. [Extracted from the article]

A simple, reproducible, and swift inhibitory kinetic approach for the N-acetylcysteine (NAC) determination has been developed and linked to NAC quantification in drug formulations. The method is based on the inhibitory feature of N-acetylcysteine. NAC forms a stable complex with Hg2+ and reduces the actual Hg2+ concentration and ultimately the rate of reaction between N-R-salt and [Ru(CN)6]4- catalyzed by Hg2+. Under the optimized experimental conditions with Temp = 45.0 ± 0.1°C, I = 0.05 mole dm-3 (KNO3), [N-R-salt] = 5.5 × 10-4 mole dm-3 [Hg+2] = 8.0 × 10-5 mole dm-3, pH = 6.0 ± 0.02, and [Ru(CN)64-] = 5.25× 10-5 mole dm-3, fixed time of 7 and 12 min was selected to compute the absorbance at 525 nm corresponding to the ultimate reaction product [Ru(CN)5 N-R-salt]3-. The inhibitory action of NAC toward cyanide imitation from [Ru(CN)6]4- by N-R-salt, catalyzed by Hg2+, has been demonstrated using a redesigned mechanistic scheme. With the proposed kinetic spectrophotometric method the micro-level quantification of NAC in distinct water samples can be done down to 1.25 × 10-6 mole dm-3. The developed procedure is highly reproducible and can be efficiently used to quantitatively estimate the NAC in the drug samples with high accuracy. The general additives present in drugs do not substantially interfere in the determination of NAC even up to 1000 times with [NAC]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: NXT15906F6 (TamaFlex™) is a proprietary blend containing standardized Tamarindus indica seeds and Curcuma longa rhizome extracts. Earlier, NXT15906F6 supplementation demonstrated reduced knee joint pain and improved musculoskeletal functions in healthy and knee osteoarthritis (KOA) subjects. Objective: The present randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was focused on validating the clinical efficacy of NXT15906F6 in a larger number of subjects with KOA. Methods: Male and female subjects (age: 40--70 years; body mass index [BMI]: 20--29 kg/m2] were randomized into three groups receiving placebo (n = 50), NXT15906F6 (n = 50) or a blend of C. longa and Boswellia serrata extracts (CLBS) (n = 50). Subjects consumed 250 mg NXT15906F6, 1,000 mg CLBS or a matched placebo daily after breakfast over a period of 30 consecutive days. The primary efficacy outcome was the improvement in total Western Ontario and McMaster Universities Osteoarthritis Index (WOMAC) scores, and the secondary efficacy measures included various tests on joint pain and musculoskeletal functions and evaluations ofserum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and a cartilage degradation marker, C-terminal telopeptide of type II collagen in urine (uCTX-II). Results: NXT15906F6 significantly (P < 0.001) reduced the WOMAC scores and improved musculoskeletal function scores in the participants as compared with baseline and placebo. NXT15906F6 participants reduced knee pain and improved musculoskeletal functions as early as day 5 of supplementation. In contrast, CLBS supplementation failed to show early efficacies in pain and functional scores, except for 30s-CST and primary knee flexion. The NXT1506F6-supplemented participants significantly reduced serum hs-CRP and uCTX-II levels from baseline and as compared with the placebo. Both supplementations did not alter the subjects' clinical chemistry, hematology, and vital parameters. Conclusion: The anti-inflammatory botanical composition NXT15906F6 supplementation mitigated joint pain and improved musculoskeletal functions and joint motility in KOA subjects. This botanical composition was also well-tolerated by the volunteers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simple, reproducible, and rapid kinetic method for the N-acetylcysteine (NAC) determination has been proposed and linked to NAC quantification in pharmaceutical preparations. The method is based on the inhibitory feature of N-acetylcysteine. NAC forms a stable complex with Hg2+ and reduces the actual Hg2+ concentration and ultimately the rate of reaction between 2.2'-bipyridine (Bipy) and [Fe(CN)6]4– catalyzed by Hg2+. Under the optimized reaction conditions with I = 0.1 mol dm–3 (KNO3), [Bipy] = 3.0 × 10–4 mol dm–3, T = 25.0 ± 0.2°C, pH 3.8 ± 0.03, [Hg2+] = 1.0 × 10–5 mol dm–3, and [Fe(CN) ] = 4.0 × 10–3 mol dm–3, fixed time of 10 and 15 min was selected to compute the absorbance at 400 nm corresponding to the ultimate reaction product [Fe(CN)5Bipy]3–. The inhibitory action of NAC towards cyanide imitation by Bipy from [Fe(CN)6]4−, catalyzed by Hg2+ has been demonstrated by a redesigned mechanistic scheme. With the proposed kinetic spectrophotometric method the micro-level quantification of NAC in distinct water samples can be done down to 2.5 × 10–6 mol dm–3. The developed procedure is highly reproducible and can be efficiently used to quantitatively estimate the NAC in the drug samples with high accuracy. The general additives present in drugs do not substantially interfere in the determination of NAC even up to 1000 times with [NAC]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combination of Darunavir (DRV) and Ritonavir (RTV) at a dose of 800/100mg has exhibit durable efficacy in both untreated and treated HIV positive patients with no observed DRV resistance-associated mutations (RAMs) and the RTV improves the pharmacokinetic profile of DRV by enhancing its bioavailability. Hence a sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of Darunavir (DRV) and Ritonavir (RTV) in human plasma. The chromatographic separation has been accomplished on Thermo Hypersil Gold (50×4.6mm, 3μ) analytical column using isocratic elution using 0.1% Formic Acid buffer solution/Acetonitrile (50:50, v/v) at a flow rate of 0.6 mL/min. The linearity of the method ranged 150.000 ng/mL to 15000.000 ng/mL & 10.000 ng/mL to 3000.00 ng/mL for DRV & RTV respectively, using 100 μL of plasma. The method was completely validated for its sensitivity, selectivity, linearity, accuracy and precision, recovery, matrix effect, stability, and dilution integrity. The absolute recovery for DRV ranged from 79.12 to 72.71 % while for RTV it ranged from 63.39% to 66.99 %. For DRV-D9 and RTV-D6 the recovery rates are 94.19 and 80.05% respectively. The method exhibit good intra-day and inter-day precision with low % CV of less than 5.0% at each quality control level for both the analytes. The developed method has been applied successfully for pharmacokinetic study in healthy humans by oral administration of Darunavir/Ritonavir tablets 400/50 mg (dose; 02x400/50 mg) in 77 healthy male volunteers under fed condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During plant exploration and survey of Seijosa Circle (forest area), in Pakke Kessang district of Arunachal Pradesh (2018-2019) the authors collected ca. 3000 plant samples from different localities. Of these, 219 species belonging to 184 genera and 84 families are used as medicinal plants. The information about the medicinal uses of these plants has been gathered during field trips of Seijosa from local inhabitants. The plants are arranged alphabetically family-wise, followed by their scientific name, regional name, habit, plant parts used, medicinal uses and accession number. These plant species are utilized by local people for various ailments in the Seijosa forest area [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the treatment of hepatitis C, direct-acting antivirals (DAA) are highly efficient and well tolerated with a series of DAA combinations available for treatment. A sensitive high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous quantification of Sofosbuvir (SOF) and Daclatasvir (DAC) in human plasma. Sofosbuvir D6 (SOF D6) and Daclatasvir 13C2 ²H6 (DAC 13C2 ²H6) are used as internal standard (IS). Quantification for both the analytes has been attained with MS-MS detection in positive ion mode using an Acquity UPLC system (Waters) equipped with Waters Xevo TQ MS system with a Gemini NX 5μ C18 (50 × 2.0mm) (Phenomenex) column, and a gradient mobile phase consisting 5 mM Ammonium Formate buffer: Acetonitrile at a flow rate of 0.300 mL/min is used as mobile phase to separate the analytes and detection is performed by electrospray ionization technique using the mass spectrometer. Full validation is performed for bio-analytical methods with respect to linearity, precision, accuracy, selectivity, carry-over, stability and dilution integrity. Linearity is obtained over a concentration range of 10.002 -3000.488 and 10.004 -3001.218 ng mL-1 for SOF and DAC respectively by applying weighted least-squares linear regression method (1/x2). The developed method was applied successfully in bioequivalence and/or clinical studies in 48 male subjects for the simultaneous quantification of SOF and DAC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim Early diagnosis of carcinoma of urinary bladder remains a challenge. Urine cytology, as an adjunct to cystoscopy, is less sensitive for low-grade tumors. Soluble Fas ( sFas), a cell-surface receptor and member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily, is frequently expressed in urinary bladder carcinoma. The objective of this study was to investigate the urinary sFas for diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma ( TCC) of urinary bladder. Methods We examined urinary s Fas concentration in 74 controls and 117 cases of TCC, both primary and recurrent disease, by using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and compared it with urinary cytology. Result Urinary s Fas concentration was found to be significantly higher in the patient as compared to control group ( P < 0.05). An optimal cutoff value of 174.0 pg/mL was proposed. The urinary sFas level was found to have an approximate sensitivity and specificity of 88.03% and 89.19% ( P < 0.001), whereas urine cytology had sensitivity of 66.67% and specificity of 95.95%. sFas had better sensitivity in higher grade and both primary and recurrent cases of urinary bladder cancer in comparison with cytology. Out of 15 node positive bladder cancer cases, 13 had high urinary sFas levels, whereas 12 were urinary cytology positive for malignancy. Conclusion Urinary sFas can be used as a non-invasive diagnostic biomarker for TCC of urinary bladder, both for primary and recurrent disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following about 40 years of successful deployment of coordinated traffic-responsive ramp control, a new generation is being developed for Minnesota's freeways based on density measurements, rather than flow rates. This was motivated from recent research indicating that the critical value of density at which capacity is observed is less sensitive and more stable than capacity, thereby allowing the opportunity for more effective control. The main goals of the new approach are to delay the onset of the breakdown and accelerate system recovery when ramp metering is disabled due to the violation of maximum allowable ramp waiting times. This is obtained by a dynamic zone partitioning of the freeway network to identify critical bottleneck locations and coordinated balancing of ramp delays, which aims to avoid mainline breakdown. The effectiveness of the new control strategy is assessed by comparison with the currently deployed version of the stratified zone metering algorithm through microscopic simulation of a real 12-mi 17-ramp freeway section. Simulations show a decrease in delays of mainline and ramp traffic and an improvement of 8% in overall system delays while avoiding maximum ramp delay violations. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This research quantifies the relationship between the cost of earliness and lateness by empirically observing commute trips from two different sources. The first empirical analysis uses individual level travel survey data from six metropolitan regions while the second analysis uses traffic data from the Twin Cities freeway network. The analysis conducted in this research provides a method to estimate the ratio of the costs of earliness to lateness for different datasets. This can be a useful tool for traffic engineers and planners, to assist them in the development and implementation of improved control strategies for congested cities. The results also corroborates the hypothesis of earliness being less expensive than lateness and show that the finding holds steady over time and across different regions and levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cell regulatory G2/M phase proteins are the key regulators of mitosis and have been reported with abnormal expressions in various malignancies. Aim: To determine the expressions of these proteins in neoplastic uterine cervix tissue. Materials and Methods: This study evaluates the G2/M phase regulatory protein expression of Cyclin B1, Aurora-B, Pololike kinase 1 (PLK1) and LIM kinase1 (LIMK1) in tissues of 25 normal (control), 16 dysplastic (dysplasia) and 34 neoplastic (cancer) patients of uterine cervix. The expressions of different proteins were obtained by using Western Blot technique. Statistical Analysis: One way analysis of variance (ANOVA), Pearson correlation, Kaplan-Meier and other tests are used for analysis. Results and Conclusion: The level of expression of LIMK1 in cervical cancer patients was found to be significantly higher (P <0.01) than both the controls and dysplasia. The expression of Aurora B and PLK1 in cervical cancer patients was also found to be significantly higher (P <0.05) than controls but it did not differ with dysplasia. However, the expression of Cyclin B1 was similar among cervical cancer patients, dysplasia and controls (P>0.05). The expression of all the above proteins showed significant (P<0.01) and inverse relation with the survival of cancer patients. Among the selected candidate proteins, it was LIMK1 that showed the most positive correlation with the aggressiveness of the disease and negative correlation (r= -0.64; P<0.01) with the survival of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the feasibility and advisability of India joining the Non-Proliferation Treaty (NPT). It demonstrates that (a) the non-proliferation regime, which is larger and more varied than the NPT, has received significant cooperation from India in the past; (b) that in order to effectively deal with future challenges from nuclear renaissance, nuclear deterrence, and terrorism, the regime will need to craft creative, non-NPT centric solutions like the US-India nuclear agreement, to co-opt India; and (c) that India's interest will be better served by trying to shape the regime from within rather than remaining a reasoned voice from without. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assesses the technical projections of India's missile program. Examination of the nuclear doctrine of India and growing national missile capability; Implications of such capabilities for India's foreign relations with Pakistan and China; Probable contours of the Indian missile program.

Provides information on a study which analyzed the Indian security options and trajectories within the overall context of evolving Indian-Russian relations. Information on the emerging Asian balance of power; India's stabilizing impact on Central Asia; Conclusions of the study.

Analyzes military relations between India and Russia and examines their implications for the balance of forces and emerging strategic equation in Southern Asia. National imperatives fostering closer bilateral cooperation; Indo-Russian defense cooperation in the 1990s.

Reports on Russian President, Boris Yeltsin's disappointment concerning the nuclear weapon tests conducted by India on May 11 and 13, 1998. Information on the Indian and Russian relationship; Reaction to the tests in Russia; Russian criticism of India; Plans by Yeltsin to look into the nuclear testing issue in India.