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We study zero and finite temperature static Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) stars in the combined Rastall-Rainbow (RR) theory of gravity by considering different BEC equation of states (EoSs). We obtain the global properties of BEC stars by solving the modified Tolman-Oppenheimer-Volkoff equations of RR gravity with values of Rastall parameter κ and Rainbow function Σ chosen accordingly. We observe that the parameter κ has negligible effect on the maximum mass of the stars considered, whereas Σ alters it significantly, and increasing the value of κ beyond a certain limit results in unstable solutions for any value of Σ . We report that the inclusion of temperature in our analysis expands the parameter space by including more values of κ . However, temperature has negligible effect on the maximum mass of the stellar profiles in all the three theories. We have also studied the compactness and stability of the obtained stellar equilibria. We report that BEC stars satisfy various energy conditions within the range of κ and Σ taken in our paper. Further, we find that the maximum masses and radii of the stars within RR theory can have good agreement with the observational data on pulsars for all the EoSs considered and in particular, the Colpi-Wasserman-Shapiro EoS, which was ruled out in General Relativity (GR). We also find that, in contrast to the results of GR, BEC stars consistent with observations can be realised in the RR theory with smaller bosonic self-interaction strength. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the non-radial f-mode oscillations of both isotropic and anisotropic dark energy stars by using the modified Chaplygin prescription of dark energy to model the stellar matter. The anisotropic pressure in the system is modeled with Bowers–Liang prescription. By solving the stellar structure equations in presence of anisotropy, we study the global properties of the dark energy star and compare the mass-radius profiles with data from GW events and milli-second pulsars. The stellar radial and anisotropic pressure profiles have also been investigated. We proceed to determine the prominent non-radial l = 2 f-mode frequencies of the anisotropic dark energy star by employing the Cowling approximation and analyse and quantify the spectra by varying the anisotropic parameter. We report that f-mode spectra of dark energy star have distinctly different behaviour compared to neutron star and quark star, and this may possibly help in its future identification. Further, the tidal deformability factors of the anisotropic dark energy stars have also been analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We investigate the thermal dilepton production yields from relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions in presence of both shear and bulk viscosities by employing the recently developed second order viscous hydrodynamic framework within a quasiparticle description of hot QCD medium. The evolution equations for shear and bulk viscous pressures are solved for various temperature dependent relaxation times under Björken's boost invariant flow. The dilepton production rate is estimated by employing the viscous corrections to the non-equilibrium distribution functions up to first order in gradients are estimated from the Chapman–Enskog (CE) expansion of effective Boltzmann equation in the relaxation time approximation (RTA). Thermal particle yield is calculated for the one dimensional expansion of QGP for various temperature dependent relaxation times. Our analysis indicate that the dilepton spectra gets enhanced by both the viscosities and is observed to be well behaved. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose and apply a new parametrization of the modified chiral effective model to study rotating neutron stars with hyperon cores in the framework of the relativistic mean-field theory. The inclusion of mesonic cross couplings in the model has improved the density content of the symmetry energy slope parameters, which are in agreement with the findings from recent terrestrial experiments. The bulk viscosity of the hyperonic medium is analyzed to investigate its role in the suppression of gravitationally driven r -modes. The hyperonic bulk viscosity coefficient caused by non-leptonic weak interactions and the corresponding damping time-scales are calculated and the r -mode instability windows are obtained. The present model predicts a significant reduction of the unstable region due to a more effective damping of oscillations. We find that from ∼108 K to ∼109 K, hyperonic bulk viscosity completely suppresses the r -modes leading to a stable region between the instability windows. Our analysis indicates that the instability can reduce the angular velocity of the star up to ∼0.3 Ω K , where Ω K is the Kepler frequency of the star. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optical PM2.5 measurements are sensitive to aerosol properties that can vary with space and time. Here, we compared PM2.5 measurements from collocated reference-grade (beta attenuation monitors, BAMs) and optical instruments (two DustTrak II and two DustTrak DRX) over 6 months. We performed inter-model (two different models), intra-model (two units of the same model), and inter-type (two different device types: optical vs. reference-grade) comparisons under ambient conditions. Averaged over our study period, PM2.5 measured concentrations were 46.0 and 45.5 μg m−3 for the two DustTrak II units, 29.8 and 38.4 μg m−3 for DRX units, and 18.3 and 19.0 μg m−3 for BAMs. The normalized root square difference (NRMSD; compares PM2.5 measurements from paired instruments of the same type) was ~ 5% (DustTrak II), ~ 27% (DRX), and ~ 15% (BAM). The normalized root mean square error (NRMSE; compares PM2.5 measurements from optical instruments against a reference instrument) was ~ 165% for DustTrak II, ~ 74% after applying literature-based humidity correction and ~ 27% after applying both the humidity and BAM corrections. Although optical instruments are highly precise in their PM2.5 measurements, they tend to be strongly biased relative to reference-grade devices. We also explored two different methods to compensate for relative humidity bias and found that the results differed by ~ 50% between the two methods. This study highlights the limitations of adopting a literature-derived calibration equation and the need for conducting local model-specific calibration. Moreover, this is one of the few studies to perform an intra-model comparison of collocated reference-grade devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban air pollution is a complex problem, which requires a multi-pronged approach to understand its dynamics. In the current study, various aspects of air pollution over Bengaluru city were studied utilizing simultaneous reference-grade measurements (during the period July 2019 to June 2020) of fine particulate matter mass concentration (PM2.5), aerosol black carbon mass concentrations (BC), and surface ozone (O3) concentrations. The study period mean PM2.5, BC, and O3 were observed to be 26.8 ± 11.5 µg m−3, 5.6 ± 2.8 µg m−3, and 25.5 ± 12.4 ppb, respectively. Statistical methods such as principal component analysis, moving average subtraction method, conditional bivariate probability function, and concentration weighted trajectory analysis were performed to understand the dynamics of air pollution over Bengaluru and its long-range transportation pathways. Some of the major findings from the statistical analyses include (i) contrasting association in BC versus O3 and PM2.5 versus O3; (ii) around one-fourth of the observed receptor site BC was contributed by local sources/emissions; and (iii) the source locations potentially contributing to BC and PM2.5 were spatially different. In Bengaluru, long-term exposure to PM2.5 resulted in around 3413, 3393, 1016, and 147 attributable deaths for the health endpoints chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder, ischemic heart disease, stroke, and lung cancer, respectively. Long-term exposure to O3 resulted in around 155 attributable deaths for respiratory diseases, as estimated by the AirQ + model. Finally, the limitations of the study in terms of data availability and analysis have been detailed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

YogaChintamani is a classical Ayurvrdic Grantha composed in 17th century by Harsakirti Suri which focuses on different therapeutic remedies for various diseases. This book comprises 7 chapters. Pandit Dattaram Chaubey wrote the Hindi commentary of this book which is called 'MathuriManjusha'. This book review focuses on the basic information about book and author and highlights different therapeutic remedies given in "YogaChintamani". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Information on the aerosol intensive properties like Single Scattering Albedo (SSA) and asymmetry parameter are very limited, particularly over the peninsular India, though extensive reports are available on the aerosol bulk properties. In view of the importance of these parameters in evaluating the aerosol radiative forcing, we present for the first time the temporal variation in SSA with measurements on aerosol absorption and scattering coefficients over Visakhapatnam (17.72° N, 83.32° E; located on the east coast of India) for the year 2007. The inferred SSA was in the range of 0.65 and 0.9 with an annual mean of 0.76±0.013 and with a probable value of 0.80, indicating a marginal atmospheric warming over the region. The mixed layer contribution to column Aerosol Optical depth is found to be 35% in summer while it is well above 35% in winter, indicating the confinement of aerosol within the boundary layer during winter. The asymmetry parameter which represents the angular scattering in radiative forcing estimation is found to be around 0.65±0.1 for the location. The day to day variability in SSA is found to be well correlated with the variations in surface BC mass concentrations and/or the relative dominance of the fine/coarse mode aerosol. The results are discussed in light of the aerosol physical and optical properties and the asymmetry parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Realizing the importance of aerosol characterization and addressing its spatio-temporal heterogeneities over Bay of Bengal (BoB), campaign mode observations of aerosol parameters were carried out using simultaneous cruise, aircraft and land-based measurements during the Winter Integrated Campaign for Aerosols gases and Radiation Budget (W ICARB). Under this, airborne measurements of total and hemispheric backscatter coefficients were made over several regions of coastal India and eastern BoB using a three wavelength integrating nephelometer. The measurements include high resolution multi-level (ML) sorties for altitude profiles and bi-level (BL) sorties for spatial gradients within and above the Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layer (MABL) over BoB. The vertical profiles of the scattering coefficients are investigated in light of the information on the vertical structure of the atmospheric stability, which was derived from the collocated GPS (Global Positioning System) aided radiosonde ascents. In general, the altitude profiles revealed that the scattering coefficient remained steady in the convectively well-mixed regions and dropped off above the MABL. This decrease was quite rapid off the Indian mainland, while it was more gradual in the eastern BoB. Investigation on horizontal gradients revealed that the scattering coefficients over northern BoB are 3 to 4 times higher compared to that of central BoB within and above the MABL. A north-south gradient in scattering coefficients is observed over Port Blair in the eastern BoB, with values decreasing from south to north, which is attributed to the similar gradient in the surface wind speed, which can be replicated in the sea salt abundance. The gradients are parameterized using best-fit analytical functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the second order Israel–Stewart hydrodynamics we discuss the effect of viscosity on photon production in a parton plasma created in relativistic heavy ion collisions. We find that photon production rates can be enhanced by several factors due to the viscous effect in a chemically nonequilibrated plasma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Realizing the importance of aerosol physical properties at the adjoining continental and coastal locations in the airmass pathways onto the oceanic region, extensive measurements of aerosol physical properties were made at Visakhapatnam (17.7°N, 83.3°E), an eastern coastal location in peninsular India during the ICARB period. The temporal variations of aerosol optical depth, near surface aerosol mass size distributions and BC mass concentrations show significantly higher aerosol optical depth and near surface mass concentrations during the first and last weeks of April 2007. The mean BC mass fraction in the fine mode aerosol was around 11%. The aerosol back scatter profiles derived from Micro Pulse Lidar indicate a clear airmass subsidence on the days with higher aerosol optical depths and near surface mass fraction. A comparison of the temporal variation of the aerosol properties at Visakhapatnam with the MODIS derived aerosol optical depth along the cruise locations indicates a resemblance in the temporal variation suggesting that the aerosol transport from the eastern coastal regions of peninsular India could significantly affect the aerosol optical properties at the near coastal oceanic regions and that the affect significantly reduced at the farther regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mass concentration and mass size distribution of total (composite) aerosols near the surface are essential inputs needed in developing aerosol models for radiative forcing estimation as well as to infer the environment and air quality. Using extensive measurements onboard the oceanographic research vessel, Sagar Kanya, during its cruise SK223B in the second phase of the ocean segment of the Integrated Campaign for Aerosols, gases and Radiation Budget (ICARB), the spatial distribution of the mass concentration and mass size distribution of near-surface aerosols are examined for the first time over the entire Arabian Sea, going as far as 58°E and 22°N, within a span of 26 days. In general, the mass concentrations (MT ) were found to be low with the mean value for the entire Arabian Sea being 16.7 ± 7 μg m-3; almost 1/2 of the values reported in some of the earlier campaigns. Coarse mode aerosols contributed, on an average, 58% to the total mass, even though at a few pockets accumulation mode contribution dominated. Spatially, significant variations were observed over central and northern Arabian Sea as well as close to the west coast of India. In central Arabian Sea, even though the MT was quite low, contribution of accumulation aerosols to the total mass concentration was greater than 50%. Effective radius, a parameter important in determining scattering properties of aerosol size distribution, varied between 0.07 and 0.4 μm with a mean value of 0.2 μm. Number size distributions, deduced from the mass size distributions, were approximated to inverse power-law form and the size indices (?) were estimated. It was found to vary in the range 3.9 to 4.2 with a mean value of 4.0 for the entire oceanic region. Extinction coefficients, estimated using the number-size distributions, were well-correlated with the accumulation mode mass concentration with a correlation coefficient of 0.82. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ras Ratna Pradip is a classical book composed in 20th century by Shri Ramraj, and edited by Pandit Thakur Datta Shastri which focuses on Ras shastra. This book comprises of 5 chapters which include discussion about Ras Shodhan, Ras Yogas, Ras Maaran, and diseases like Jwara, Galgand, Amlapitta and Naadi Pareeksha etc. This review focuses on presenting rare procedures and Yogas included in the book for the benefit of mankind. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a low-cost passive method for monitoring long-term average levels of light-absorbing carbon air pollution in polluted indoor environments. Building on prior work, the method here estimates the change in reflectance of a passively exposed surface through analysis of digital images. To determine reproducibility and limits of detection, we tested low-cost passive samplers with exposure to kerosene smoke in the laboratory and to environmental pollution in 20 indoor locations. Preliminary results suggest robust reproducibility (r = 0.99) and limits of detection appropriate for longer-term (~1–3 months) monitoring in households that use solid fuels. The results here suggest high precision; further testing involving "gold standard" measurements is needed to investigate accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]