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We report the experimental measurements of the decay rate of polar cesium nD5/2 − 6S1/2 Rydberg-ground molecules with a large principal quantum number range of 35 ≤ n ≤ 40. Rydberg molecules are prepared employing the method of two-photon photoassociation and the molecular (atomic) ions, due to autoionization (blackbody photoionization), are detected with a microchannel plate detector. The decay rate Γ of the vibrational ground state of the deep and shadow bound molecules for triplet (TΣ) and mixed singlet-triplet (S,TΣ) are measured by fitting the molecular population with the exponential function. Comparing with the parent atom, the decay rate of the polar Rydberg-ground molecule shows an obvious increase with a magnitude of a few μs. The possible dissociation mechanism of polar Rydberg-ground molecules including a collisional decay, blackbody induced decay, and coupling of adjacent Rydberg states and tunneling decay are discussed in detail. The theoretical model is induced to simulate the measurements, showing agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

2D metal/semiconducting heterostructures have attracted extensive attention for potential applications in future electronic and optoelectronic devices. However, the simple and fast preparation of patterned metal/semiconducting heterostructures with controllable channel lengths still faces challenges. Here, a simple and reliable laser patterning method for preparing patterned lateral/vertical 1T/2H VS2/MoS2 metal/semiconducting heterostructures is reported. Specifically, site‐selective etching of VS2 can be realized through the combination of laser radiation and acid solution etching. Further, pre‐patterned VS2 nanoplates with edge dangling bonds can offer effective nucleation points for the lateral epitaxial growth of MoS2, thus generating patterned VS2‐MoS2 lateral heterostructures. The laser processing method can further be used to create patterned VS2/MoS2 vertical van der Waals (vdWHs), which can only selectively etch the upper layer VS2 while maintaining the intrinsic structure of the bottom layer MoS2. The obtained patterned VS2/MoS2 vdWHs show a similar channel length of ≈420 nm, and the VS2 vdW contact MoS2 transistor is fabricated, delivering an On‐state current of 4.01 µA/µm, and carrier mobility of 3.56 cm2 s−1 V−1. This approach is also general for preparing patterned VSe2, VSe2/WSe2 heterostructures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rapid development of society, it is of paramount importance to expeditiously assess environmental pollution and provide early warning of toxicity risks. Microbial fuel cell–based self-powered biosensors (MFC-SPBs) have emerged as a pivotal technology, obviating the necessity for external power sources and aligning with the prevailing trends toward miniaturization and simplification in biosensor development. In this case, vigorous advancements in MFC-SPBs have been acquired in past years, irrespective of whether the target identification event transpires at the anode or cathode. The present article undertakes a comprehensive review of developed MFC-SPBs, categorizing them into substrate effect and microbial activity effect based on the nature of the target identification event. Furthermore, various enhancement strategies to improve the analytical performance like accuracy and sensitivity are also outlined, along with a discussion of future research trends and application prospects of MFC-SPBs for their better developments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Targeted fluorescence probes for imaging and differentiation of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are highly desirable from its scientific research and clinical applications. However, most of the current targeted fluorescence probes focus on the variation of intracellular microenvironment caused by the cancerization of hepatocyte, which causes a fluorescence intensity alteration but fails to produce a spatial differentiation due to the lack of robust parameters for further improving accuracy. Herein, the study develops a new fluorescent carbon dot (CTF‐CDs) that can target the overexpressed GABAA receptor (GABAAR) on cell membrane for accurate and high‐contrast imaging of HCC and differentiation. The competition response between CTF‐CDs and typical receptor‐binding ligands reveals their affinity toward the picrotoxin‐binding site of GABAAR. Based on this GABAAR‐targeting ability, accurate imaging of HCC cells is realized by lighting their membranes, along with a big difference from the intracellular fluorescence of normal liver cells and other cancer cells. In addition, the CTF‐CDs have also been used to visualize the anticancer drug‐induced variations on HCC cell membrane and fluorescent imaging in HCC tissue. This work extends the targeting object of fluorescence probes from intracellular microenvironment to membrane protein, adding a new dimension to the imaging and differentiation of HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intermuscular coupling reflects the corticospinal interaction associated with the control of muscles. Nevertheless, the deterioration of intermuscular coupling caused by stroke has not received much attention. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of myoelectric-controlled interface (MCI) dimensionality on the intermuscular coupling after stroke. In total, ten age-matched controls and eight stroke patients were recruited and executed elbow tracking tasks within 1D or 2D MCI. Movement performance was quantified using the root mean square error (RMSE). Wavelet coherence was used to analyze the intermuscular coupling in alpha band (8–12 Hz) and beta band (15–35 Hz). The results found that smaller RMSE of antagonist muscles was observed in both groups within 2D MCI compared to 1D MCI. The alpha-band wavelet coherence was significantly lower in the patients compared to the controls during elbow extension. Furthermore, a decreased alpha-band and beta-band wavelet coherence was observed in the controls and stroke patients, as the dimensionality of MCI increased. These results may suggest that stroke-related neural impairments deteriorate the motor performance and intermuscular coordination pattern, and, further, that MCI holds promise as a novel effective tool for rehabilitation through the direct modulation of muscle activation pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peri-operative hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HSR), a severe traumatic stress, is closely associated with post-operative anxiety, depression, and cognitive dysfunction, subsequently causing a serious burden on families and society. Following the co-release of corticotropin-releasing factor and catecholamine, traumatic stress activates dopaminergic neurons, increasing the addictive behavior and neurocognitive impairment risks. This study investigates the association between cognitive dysfunction and dopaminergic neurons in the mPFC under HSR conditions. This study established an HSR model by bleeding and re-transfusion in the mice. After HSR exposure, a dopamine D1 receptor antagonist, SKF-83566, was administered intraperitoneally for three consecutive days. Novel object recognition (NOR), conditioned fearing (FC), and conditioned place preference (CPP) were used to assess cognitive changes 16 days after HSR exposure. Local field potential (LFP) in the mPFC was also investigated during the novel object exploration. Compared with the mice exposed to sham, there was a significant decrease in the object recognition index, a reduction in context- and tone-related freezing time, an increase in CPP values, a downregulation of β-power but upregulation of γ-power in the mPFC in the mice exposed to HSR. Moreover, the mice exposed to HSR showed significantly upregulated TH-positive cell number, cleaved caspase-1- and TH-positive cells, and interleukin (IL)-1β/18 expression in the mPFC compared with sham; SKF-83566 could partially reverse these alternations. The HSR caused excessive dopaminergic signaling and cognitive dysfunction in the mPFC, a condition that might be ameliorated using a dopamine D1 receptor inhibitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pollen can serve as an effective ice‐nuclei (IN), altering cloud microphysical and radiative properties, thus precipitation and cloud life cycles. Here, a nationwide pollen emission inventory with a horizontal resolution of 5 km was established based on a parameterization scheme of mass balance of pollen grain fluxes surrounding the plant crowns, and using satellite observational data sets (including leaf area index and fractional vegetation cover) as well as pollen emission rates. The potential emission is then implemented in RegCM‐pollen model which treated pollen as aerosol tracers. Besides, pollen‐IN parameterization schemes were incorporated in RegCM‐pollen to simulate the interactions between pollen and ice clouds. Investigations show that the mean annual pollen emission in China is 2.65 × 107 grains m−2 yr−1, mainly distributed in the south and northeast of China. The IN magnitude is mainly determined by a combination of temperature and pollen concentration. Notably, an increasing number concentration of pollen grains produces opposite effects in Southern China (SC) and Northern China (NC). The weakened upward motion and vertical transport of water vapor in NC made ice clouds hardly form, resulting in cloud forcing (CF) of +0.86 W/m2. In contrast, it generates a CF of −0.84 W/m2 in SC mainly owing to expanded cloud cover. The changes in shortwave radiative forcing is more significant compared to longwave radiative forcing in the two regions. At the surface, the net radiative forcing in NC is +0.74 W/m2, while it is a −0.51 W/m2 in SC. Among them, downward shortwave radiative forcing is approximately twice that of upward longwave radiative forcing in SC and 1.4 times in NC. Surface temperature shows rising over NC, ranging from 0.05 to 0.25 K. In SC, it is primarily decreasing by −0.12 to −0.03 K. The pollen‐IN effect also causes a decline of precipitation in NC (−0.17 mm/day) and a rise in SC (0.09 mm/day). Our results suggest that the pollen effect on ice clouds is complex, yet significant in understanding its impact on radiation and climate of the atmosphere. Plain Language Summary: Bioaerosols such as pollen are emitted into the atmosphere from the terrestrial biosphere. They can affect cloud formation as ice nuclei, thus influencing radiation and climate. Whereas, up to now little is understood about the ice‐nucleating properties of pollen and how they impact cloud and precipitation formation. In this work, the RegCM‐pollen was utilized to quantitatively estimate vegetation pollen emissions in China and their induced radiative forcing and climate responses. We found that higher airborne pollen is chiefly concentrated in Southern China (SC) and Northern China (NC). The ice nucleation effect of pollen generates contrasting effects in the two areas. A positive effect on cloud forcing (CF) in NC is mainly owing to the inhibition of upward motion and reduced vertical transport of water vapor not conducive to the formation of ice clouds. On the opposite, the negative effect on CF in SC is mostly influenced by the enhanced water vapor, thus, expanding the coverage of the ice cloud. Key Points: Model simulations show that airborne pollen is mainly concentrated in Southern China (SC) and Northern China (NC) with seasonal variationsPollen‐induced IN concentrations decrease with altitude, exhibiting large gradient at a given height, particularly above 7 kmOpposite cloud forcing caused by pollen ice nuclei effect was found in SC (−0.84 W/m2) and NC (+0.86 W/m2) mainly due to water vapor difference in these two regions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Investigating the spatial distribution of muscle activity would facilitate understanding the underlying mechanism of spasticity. The purpose of this study is to investigate the characteristics of spastic muscles during passive stretch and active contraction by high-density surface electromyography (HD-sEMG). Methods: Fourteen spastic hemiparetic subjects and ten healthy subjects were recruited. The biceps brachii (BB) muscle activity of each subject was recorded by HD-sEMG during passive stretch at four stretch velocities (10, 60, 120, 180˚/s) and active contraction at three submaximal contraction levels (20, 50, 80%MVC). The intensity and spatial distribution of the BB activity were compared by the means of two-way analysis of variance, independent sample t-test, and paired sample t-test. Results: Compared with healthy subjects, spastic hemiparetic subjects showed significantly higher intensity with velocity-dependent heterogeneous activation during passive stretch and more lateral and proximal activation distribution during active contraction. In addition, spastic hemiparetic subjects displayed almost non-overlapping activation areas during passive stretch and active contraction. The activation distribution of passive stretch was more distal when compared with the active contraction. Conclusions: These alterations of the BB activity could be the consequence of deficits in the descending central control after stroke. The complementary spatial distribution of spastic BB activity reflected their opposite motor units (MUs) recruitment patterns between passive stretch and active contraction. This HD-sEMG study provides new neurophysiological evidence for the spatial relationship of spastic BB activity between passive stretch and active contraction, advancing our knowledge on the mechanism of spasticity. Trial registration: ChiCTR2000032245. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sense of relative deprivation, reflecting individuals' self-perceived poor social comparison, is widespread among current college students. However, it remains unclear the impact and potential mediators of this adverse perception on the mental health of this group, and whether this association differs between males and females. The study aimed to investigate the effects of the sense of relative deprivation on depression in this group and their potential mediators and to explore the differences in these effects in males and females. This study, which was planned as relational and cross-sectional, by questionnaire method, consisted of 2576 college students. Single- and multi-cluster structural equation models were constructed in the sample. Results showed that the sense of relative deprivation in college students was associated with depression. Smartphone addiction and sleep together played a pathway role, mediating 31.793% of the association. Additionally, male college students showed a stronger sense of relative deprivation compared to females, and the effect of this adverse perception on smartphone addiction and depression was also found to be greater in this group. Our results highlight the detrimental effects of subjective relative deprivation on college students' mental health, suggesting that males may be more likely to develop smartphone addiction and decreased sleep quality after experiencing a sense of relative deprivation, which may further lead to increased depressive symptoms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interactions between the terrestrial biosphere, atmospheric chemistry, and climate involve complex feedbacks that have traditionally been modeled separately. We present a new framework that couples the Yale Interactive terrestrial Biosphere (YIBs) model, a dynamic plant-chemistry model, with the RegCM-Chem model. RegCM-Chem–YIBs integrates meteorological variables and atmospheric chemical composition from RegCM-Chem with land surface parameters from YIBs. The terrestrial carbon flux calculated by YIBs is fed back into RegCM-Chem interactively, thereby representing the interactions between fine particulate matter (PM 2.5), ozone (O 3), and carbon dioxide (CO 2). For testing purposes, we carry out a 1-year simulation (2016) at a 30 km horizontal resolution over East Asia with RegCM-Chem–YIBs. The model accurately captures the spatio-temporal distribution of climate, chemical composition, and ecological parameters. In particular, the estimated O 3 and PM 2.5 are consistent with ground observations, with correlation coefficients (R) of 0.74 and 0.65, respectively. The simulated CO 2 concentration is consistent with observations from six sites (R ranged from 0.89 to 0.97) and exhibits a similar spatial pattern when compared with carbon assimilation products. RegCM-Chem–YIBs produces reasonably good gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP), showing seasonal and spatial distributions consistent with satellite observations, and mean biases (MBs) of 0.13 and 0.05 kg C m -2 yr -1. This study illustrates that RegCM-Chem–YIBs is a valuable tool to investigate coupled interactions between the terrestrial carbon cycle, atmospheric chemistry, and climate change at a higher resolution on a regional scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the bioequivalence of omalizumab, a humanized monoclonal antibody against immunoglobulin‐E (IgE), with one of its biosimilar candidates. The study was designed as a randomized, double‐blind, parallel‐controlled trial. A total of subjects who met the inclusion criteria and did not meet the exclusion criteria were dynamically randomly assigned to receive the test drug or the reference drug with a single subcutaneous injection of 150 mg by the minimization method. The test group and the reference group had similar demographic characteristics and baseline characteristics of total IgE. The 90% confidence interval of the geometric average ratio of the area under the serum concentration–time curve from the time 0 to the time of last quantifiable concentration, the area under the serum concentration curve from time 0 to infinity, and the maximum observed serum concentration between the 2 groups were within 80%‐125%, showing bioequivalence. The changing trend of total and free IgE in the 2 groups was similar after administration, proving the pharmacodynamic similarity. The 2 groups had no significant difference in the positive rate of antidrug antibodies, and the total positive rate of neutralizing antibodies was 0. The incidence of treatment‐emergent adverse events and treatment‐related adverse events were similar between the 2 groups, with no serious adverse events. This study shows that the test drug had similar pharmacokinetics, immunogenicity, and safety to the reference omalizumab in healthy male subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the relationship between sustainable economic growth in ASEAN's industrial and agricultural sectors and energy transformation (2005–2021). Using the Cross-Sectionally Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) approach, it uncovers the positive impact of green economic growth on reducing fossil fuel consumption. Discrepancies are influenced by sector size, technological accessibility, and strategy complexity. Information and Communication Technology (ICT) development shows dual effects on consumption: an initial increase in the short term and a subsequent decrease in the long term. Conversely, the influence of the Consumer Price Index (CPI) and patent applications is constrained by the absence of green patent mechanisms and economic intricacies. The poverty ratio acts as a diminishing factor, reflecting its impact on demand–supply dynamics. Recommendations for ASEAN's energy transformation include digital sector evolution, green tech investments, regional green education, robust green finance, uniform emission taxation, and enhanced regional cooperation, collectively guiding the region toward sustainable energy and economic progress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Non‐linear viscoelastic characteristics of carbon black (CB)‐filled fluoroether rubber mixture samples are investigated by large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS) tests. Three analysis approaches based on LAOS tests are then used to discuss correlations between rheological behavior and CB‐filling amount. Each non‐linear viscoelastic parameter of the mixture presents a three‐stage characteristic with increasing CB content, which are attributed to the alteration of CB–elastomer network structure, corresponding to the state where gum continuous phase, CB–elastomer mesophase, and excessive CB agglomerates predominate in the mixture compound, respectively. According to the findings in engineering experiments, a CB content of 35–40 phr is recommended, taking into account tensile, hardness, and aging properties. Excessive CB agglomerates are found to reinforce CB–elastomer networks at elevated temperatures. For cold‐resistance properties, structural changes in CB–elastomer network are proven to exert little effect on Tg, but a higher CB content was found to slightly enhance the cold‐resistance coefficient, probably due to the decrease in velocity fraction of gum rubber. Highlights: LAOS tests were utilized to study the influences of CB on fluoroelastomer;Three‐stage alteration was observed in the mixture with increasing CB content;Correlation between CB content and the engineering properties was discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics (PK), pharmacodynamics (PD), and food effects (FE) of SC0062, a highly active endothelin‐A (ETA) receptor antagonist, in healthy subjects. The primary objectives of this first‐in‐human phase I study, comprised of single‐ascending‐dose, multiple‐ascending‐dose, and FE parts, were to characterize the safety and tolerability of SC0062, and FE. The secondary objectives were to determine the PK behavior of SC0062 and its major active metabolite M18, whereas exploratory objectives focused on PD effects, principally effects on endothelin‐1 (ET‐1) and total bile acids (TBA). Single doses of 10 to 100 mg and multiple daily doses of 20 and 50 mg for 6 days were well tolerated. SC0062 was rapidly absorbed and plasma exposure of SC0062 and M18 increased disproportionately with dose, achieving steady state by day 3, with accumulation ratios of 1.22 and 1.89 on day 6 for SC0062 and M18, respectively. The geometric mean (geometric standard deviation) terminal elimination half‐life (t1/2) values of SC0062 and M18 were 7.25 (1.70) h and 13.73 (1.32) h, respectively. Plasma ET‐1 concentrations were dose‐proportional, whereas plasma TBA concentrations behaved erratically. Following a single 50 mg dose of SC0062 after a high‐fat meal, Cmax values for SC0062 and M18 increased by 41% and 32%, respectively, and median Tmax values for SC0062 were 3 h longer than fasting values; exposure was unaffected. These favorable safety, PK, and PD results provide a foundation for further studies of SC0062 in pulmonary arterial hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and other relevant indications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aims/Introduction: Different types of diabetes show distinct genetic characteristics, but the specific genetic susceptibility factors remain unclear. Our study aimed to explore the associations between the ribosomal protein S26 (RPS26) gene rs1131017 polymorphisms and susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA) and type 2 diabetes mellitus in the Chinese Han population, and their correlations with clinical features. Materials and Methods: Genotyping of the rs1131017 variant was carried out for 1,006 type 1 diabetes mellitus patients, 210 LADA patients, 642 type 2 diabetes mellitus patients and 2,099 control individuals. Results: We found that the rs1131017 C allele was a risk locus for both type 1 diabetes mellitus and LADA (odds ratio [OR] 1.50, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.33–1.69, P < 0.001; OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.04–1.64, P = 0.021, respectively). Nevertheless, this association was not found for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Carrying the C allele genotype was associated with a lower postprandial C‐peptide for type 1 diabetes mellitus (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.11–1.80, P = 0.006) and lower fasting C‐peptide for LADA (OR 1.55, 95% CI 1.01–2.38, P = 0.047). Interestingly, a lower GC frequency was noted for LADA than for type 1 diabetes mellitus, regardless of classification based on age at diagnosis, C‐peptide or glutamic acid decarboxylase antibody positivity. Conclusions: The RPS26 polymorphism was associated with susceptibility and clinical characteristics of type 1 diabetes mellitus and LADA in the Chinese population, but was not related to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thus, it might serve as a novel biomarker for particular types of diabetes. In this manuscript, we explored whether RPS26 gene polymorphisms conferred susceptibility to type 1 diabetes mellitus, latent autoimmune diabetes in adults and type 2 diabetes mellitus in a considerably large collection of Chinese participants. The effects of this gene on clinical features of patients, including age at diagnosis, β‐cell function, and islet autoantibodies were also comprehensively investigated. We have found that the SNP, rs1131017, of the RPS26 gene is a genetic susceptibility locus for type 1 diabetes mellitus and latent autoimmune diabetes in adults in the Chinese Han population, but it has no impact on susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our research provides evidence for the important role of RPS26 in the genetic susceptibility of type 1 diabetes mellitus, offering a new biomarker for risk assessment and precise diagnosis of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: HNF1B syndrome is caused by defects in the hepatocyte nuclear factor 1B (HNF1B) gene, which leads to maturity‐onset diabetes of the young type 5 and congenital organ malformations. This study aimed to identify a gene defect in a patient presenting with diabetes and severe diarrhea, while also analyzing the prevalence of hypomagnesemia and its correlation with the HNF1B genotype. Materials and Methods: Whole exome sequencing was used to identify responsible point mutations and small indels in the proband and their family members. Multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification was carried out to identify HNF1B deletions. Furthermore, an analysis of published data on 539 cumulative HNF1B cases, from 29 literature sources, was carried out to determine the correlation between the HNF1B genotype and the phenotype of serum magnesium status. Results: Using multiplex ligation‐dependent probe amplification, we identified a de novo heterozygous HNF1B deletion in the patient, who showed dorsal pancreas agenesis and multiple kidney cysts, as detected by magnetic resonance imaging. Magnesium supplementation effectively alleviated the symptoms of diarrhea. Hypomagnesemia was highly prevalent in 192 out of 354 (54.2%) patients with HNF1B syndrome. Compared with patients with intragenic mutations, those with HNF1B deletions were more likely to suffer from hypomagnesemia, with an odds ratio of 3.1 (95% confidence interval 1.8–5.4). Conclusions: Hypomagnesemia is highly prevalent in individuals with HNF1B syndrome, and those with HNF1B deletion are more susceptible to developing hypomagnesemia compared with those with intragenic mutations. The genotype–phenotype associations in HNF1B syndrome have significant implications for endocrinologists in terms of genotype detection, treatment decisions and prognosis assessment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The interactions between the terrestrial biosphere, atmospheric chemistry, and climate involve complex feedbacks that have traditionally been modeled separately. We present a new framework that couples the Yale Interactive terrestrial Biosphere (YIBs), a dynamic plant-chemistry model, with the RegCM-Chem model. RegCM-Chem-YIBs integrates meteorological variables and atmospheric chemical composition from RegCM-Chem with land surface parameters from YIBs. The terrestrial carbon flux calculated by YIBs, are fed back into RegCM-Chem interactively, thereby representing the interactions between fine particulate matter (PM2.5), ozone (O3), and carbon dioxide (CO2). For testing purposes, we carry out a one-year simulation (2016) at a 30 km horizontal resolution over East Asia with RegCM-Chem-YIBs. The model accurately captures the spa-tio-temporal distribution of climate, chemical composition, and ecological parameters. In particular, the estimated O3 and PM2.5 are consistent with ground observations, with correlation coefficients (R) of 0.74 and 0.65, respec-tively. The simulated CO2 concentration is consistent with observations from six sites (R ranged from 0.89 to 0.97) and exhibits a similar spatial pattern when compared to carbon assimilation products. RegCM-Chem-YIBs produces reasonably good gross primary productivity (GPP) and net primary productivity (NPP), showing seasonal and spatial distributions consistent with satellite observations, and mean biases (MBs) of 0.13 and 0.05 kg C m-2 year-1. This study illustrates that the RegCM-Chem-YIBs is a valuable tool to investigate coupled interactions between the terrestrial carbon cycle, atmospheric chemistry, and climate change at a higher resolution in regional scale. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To produce food-grade ice nucleators, a 3.77 kb ice nucleation gene (iceE) isolated from Pantoea agglomerans (Erwinia herbicola) was introduced into the Gram-positive microorganism Bacillus amyloliquefaciens for the first time. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) results indicated that recombined strain B9-INP was an effective ice nucleator for controlling the supercooling point of distilled water at low concentrations. In the presence of B9-INP cells, model food systems, including sucrose solution and sodium chloride solution, different pH solutions froze at a relatively high subzero temperature, thus increasing the supercooling point by 5.8~16.7 °C. Moreover, B9-INP also facilitated model and real food systems to freeze at −6 °C. This recombinant strain not only improved the freezing temperature of food systems but also shortened the total freezing time, thus saving energy and reducing consumption. The results suggest that B9-INP has great application potential in the frozen food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An improved population balance‐based rheological constitutive framework for polydisperse aggregating suspensions is derived by incorporating detailed models for orthokinetic and perikinetic aggregation and shear breakage processes. The framework accounts for critical properties such as dynamic arrest, viscoelasticity, kinematic hardening, thixotropy, and yield stress to generate a full range of thixotropic elasto‐viscoplastic (TEVP) response. Additionally, the model is thermodynamically consistent because the dynamics and timescales are completely determined by internal structural and kinetic variables. The model connects the rheological response to the structural descriptors such as the size distribution of agglomerates, mean sizes, fractal dimension, and agglomerate volume fraction. Predictions are compared against a wide range of shear rheology measurements data for model thixotropic suspensions of fumed silica and carbon black, including large amplitude oscillatory shear (LAOS), as well as ultra‐small angle neutron scattering under steady shear (Rheo‐uSANS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, attention has been focused on the benefit of greenspace on mental health, and it is suggested this link may vary with the type of greenspace. More and more studies have emphasized the influence of the gut microbiome on schizophrenia (SCZ). However, the effects of greenspaces on the gut microbiota in SCZ and the effect of different types of greenspaces on the gut microbiota remain unclear. We aim to examine if there were variations in the effects of various greenspace types on the gut microbiome in SCZ. Besides, we sink to explore important taxonomic compositions associated with different greenspace types. We recruited 243 objects with schizophrenia from Anhui Mental Health Center and collected fecal samples for 16Sr RNA gene sequencing. Three types of greenery coverage were calculated with different circular buffers (800, 1500, and 3000 m) corresponding to individual addresses. The association between greenspace and microbiome composition was analyzed with permutational analysis of variance (PERMANOVA). We conducted the linear regression to capture specific gut microbiome taxa associated with greenery coverage. Tree coverage was consistently associated with microbial composition in both 1500 m (R2 = 0.007, P = 0.030) and 3000 m (R2 = 0.007, P = 0.039). In contrast, there was no association with grass cover in any of the buffer zones. In the regression analysis, higher tree coverage was significantly correlated with the relative abundance of several taxa. Among them, tree coverage was positively associated with increased Bifidobacterium longum (β = 1.069, P = 0.004), which was the dominant composition in the gut microbiota. The relationship between greenspace and gut microbiome in SCZ differed by the type of greenspace. Besides, "tree coverage" may present a dominant effect on the important taxonomic composition. Our findings might provide instructive evidence for the design of urban greenspace to optimize health and well-being in SCZ as well as the whole people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anxiety is reportedly one of the most common mental changes after traumatic brain injury (TBI). Perineuronal nets (PNNs) produced by astrocytes in the lateral hypothalamus (LHA) that surround gamma-aminobutyric acid-ergic (GABAergic) neurons have been associated with anxiety. The potent anti-tumor effects of Spautin-1, a novel autophagy inhibitor, have been documented in malignant melanoma; moreover, the inhibition of autophagy is reported to mitigate anxiety disorders. However, little is known about the ability of spautin-1 to alleviate anxiety. In this study, we sought to investigate whether spautin-1 could alleviate anxiety-like behaviors post-TBI by reducing the loss of PNNs in the LHA. A mild TBI was established in mice through Feeney's weight-drop model. Then, Spautin-1 (20 mmol/2 μl) was immediately administered into the left lateral ventricle. Behavioral and pathological changes were assessed at 24 h, 7 days, 30 days, 31 days and 32 days after TBI by the neurological severity scores (NSS), open field test (OFT), elevated plus-maze (EPM) test, western blot, immunofluorescence assays and electron microscopy. Spautin-1 significantly reversed TBI-induced decreased time in the central zone during OFT and in the open-arm during the EPM test. Spautin-1 also increased PNNs around GABAergic neurons indicated by WFA- plus GAD2- positive A2-type astrocytes and attenuated M1-type microglia in the LHA 32 days after TBI compared to TBI alone. Moreover, compared to mice that only underwent TBI, spautin-1 downregulated autophagic vacuoles, abnormal organelles, the expression of Beclin 1, USP13, phospho-TBK1, and phospho-IRF3 and upregulated the levels of cleaved caspase-3, -7 and -9, but failed to increase TUNEL-positive cells in the LHA at 24 h. Spautin-1 alleviated anxiety-like behavior in mice exposed to mild TBI; this protective mechanism may be associated with decreased PNNs loss around GABAergic neurons via immunologically silent apoptosis induced by the caspase cascade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HSR) can induce severe intestinal damages, thereby leading to sepsis and long-term complications including dysbacteriosis and pulmonary injury. The NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome facilitates inflammation-associated cell recruitment in the gastrointestinal tract, and participates in many inflammatory bowel diseases. Previous studies have shown that exogenous carbon monoxide (CO) exerts neuroprotective effects against pyroptosis after HSR. We aimed to investigate whether carbon monoxide-releasing molecules-3 (CORM-3), an exogenous CO compound, could attenuate HSR-induced intestinal injury and the potential underlying mechanism.Rats were subjected to a HSR model by bleeding and re-infusion. Following resuscitation, 4 mg/kg of CORM-3 was administered intravenously into femoral vein. At 24 h and 7 d after HSR modeling, the pathological changes in intestinal tissues were evaluated by H&E staining. The intestinal pyroptosis, glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP)-positive glial pyroptosis, DAO (diamine oxidase) content, intestine tight junction proteins including zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) and claudin-1 were further detected by immunofluorescence, western blot and chemical assays at 7 d after HSR. CORM-3 administration led to significantly mitigated HSR-induced intestinal injury, aggravation of intestinal pyroptosis indicated by cleaved caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18, upregulation of GFAP-positive glial pyroptosis, decreased intensity of ZO-1 and claudin-1 in the jejunum, and increased of DAO in the serum. Nigericin, an agonist of NLRP3, significantly reversed the protective effects of CORM-3. CORM-3 alleviates the intestinal barrier dysfunction in a rodent model of HSR, and the potential mechanism may be associated with inhibition of NLRP3-associated pyroptosis. CORM-3 administration could be a promising therapeutic strategy for intestinal injury after hemorrhagic shock. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CO2 electrochemical conversion on copper electrocatalysts demonstrates selectivity and activity towards multicarbon compounds such as ethylene. However, the complex product distribution, as well as the wasted carbon and electrons in non-target products such as HCOOH, CO, and H2, can significantly increase the energy input and separation costs. As a result, we designed an electro-bio tandem reactor using copper electrocatalysts and microorganisms to transform CO2 into specific multicarbon compounds in both the gas and liquid phases. The unavoidable reducing products from electrocatalysis, including HCOOH in the liquid phase, and CO and H2 in the gas phase, can be consumed and recycled as electron donors or better carbon feedstocks for selective acetate synthesis in Moorella thermoacetica via the Wood–Ljungdahl pathway. In neutral electrolytes, the faradaic selectivity of acetate in liquid products is the highest (79.6%) for Cu-based CO2 electroreduction, and the electron conversion rate to ethylene and acetate is the highest for microbial electrosynthesis (8113.8 mmol h−1 m−2), demonstrating a green design for CO2 upcycling targeting multicarbon products via the parallel integration of electrocatalysis and fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microplastics (MPs) as an emerging air pollutant have received widespread attention, but research on airborne MPs at occupational sites is still limited, especially in the rubber industry. Hence, indoor air samples were collected from three production workshops and an office of a rubber factory producing automotive parts to analyze the characteristics of airborne MPs in different workplaces of this industry. We found MP contamination in all air samples from the rubber industry, and the airborne MPs at all sites mainly showed small-sized (< 100 μm) and fragmented characteristics. The abundance and source of MPs at various locations is primarily related to the manufacturing process and raw materials of the workshop. The abundance of MPs in the air was higher in workplaces where production activities are involved than in office (360 ± 61 n/m3), of which the highest abundance of airborne MPs was in the post-processing workshop (559 ± 184 n/m3). In terms of types, a total of 40 polymer types were identified. The post-processing workshop has the largest proportion of injection-molded plastic ABS, the extrusion workshop has a greater proportion of EPDM rubber than the other locations, and the refining workshop has more MPs used as adhesives, such as aromatic hydrocarbon resin (AHCR). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have become one of the most popular tools to tackle hyperspectral image (HSI) classification tasks. However, CNN suffers from the long-range dependencies problem, which may degrade the classification performance. To address this issue, this letter proposes a transformer-based backbone network for HSI classification. The core component is a newly designed double-attention transformer encoder (DATE), which contains two self-attention modules, termed spectral attention module (SPE) and spatial attention module (SPA). SPE extracts the global dependency among spectral bands, and SPA mines the local features of spatial correlation information among pixels. The local spatial tokens and the global spectral token are fused together and updated by SPA. In this way, DATE can not only capture the global dependence among spectral bands but also extract the local spatial information, which greatly improves the classification performance. To reduce the possible information loss as the network depth increases, a new skip connection mechanism is devised for cross-layer feature fusion. Experimental results in several datasets indicate that the new algorithm holds very competitive classification performance compared to the state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

HSK16149 is a novel, potent gamma‐aminobutyric acid (GABA) analog for the treatment of neuropathic pain. The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of a high‐fat and high‐calorie meal on the pharmacokinetics of HSK16149 in healthy Chinese subjects. An open‐label, two‐period crossover design was applied in this study. Twenty‐six subjects were enrolled and were randomly divided into two groups: a fasted‐fed group and a fed‐fasted group, with 13 subjects in each group. Subjects took a single oral dose of 45 mg of HSK16149 under fasted or fed conditions on Day 1 and Day 4. A series of blood samples were collected for PK analysis. Safety was evaluated throughout the study by physical examinations, clinical laboratory tests, 12‐lead ECGs, vital signs, and adverse events (AEs). The parameters AUC0‐∞, AUC0‐t, and Cmax of HSK16149 were compared to assess the bioequivalence of HSK16149 under fasted and fed conditions. The geometric mean ratios (GMRs) and their 90% confidence intervals (CIs) of AUC0‐t and AUC0‐∞ under the fed condition compared with the fasted condition were 95.84% (91.94–99.90%) and 95.79% (91.89–99.84%), respectively, which were all within the bioequivalent interval (80.00–125.00%). The GMR (90% CI) of Cmax under the fed condition compared with the fasted condition was 66.04% (59.45–73.36%), which was not within the bioequivalent range (80.00–125.00%). All adverse events were transient and resolved. This study demonstrated that HSK16149 can be administered with or without food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Polygonatum cyrtonema Hua rhizomes (also known as Rhizoma Polygonati, RP) are consumed for their health benefits. The main source of the RP is wild P. cyrtonema populations in the Hunan province of China. However, the soil Cadmium (Cd) content in Huanan is increasing, thus increasing the risks of Cd accumulation in RP which may end up in the human food chain. To understand the mechanism of Cd accumulation and resistance in P. cyrtonema, we subjected P. cyrtonema plants to four levels of Cd stress [(D2) 1, (D3) 2, (D4) 4, and (D5) 8 mg/kg)] compared to (D1) 0.5 mg/kg. Results: The increase in soil Cd content up to 4 mg/kg resulted in a significant increase in tissue (root hair, rhizome, stem, and leaf) Cd content. The increase in Cd concentration variably affected the antioxidant enzyme activities. We could identify 14,171 and 12,115 protein groups and peptides, respectively. There were 193, 227, 260, and 163 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in D2, D3, D4, and D5, respectively, compared to D1. The number of downregulated DEPs increased with an increase in Cd content up to 4 mg/kg. These downregulated proteins belonged to sugar biosynthesis, amino acid biosynthesis-related pathways, and secondary metabolism-related pathways. Our results indicate that Cd stress increases ROS generation, against which, different ROS scavenging proteins are upregulated in P. cyrtonema. Moreover, Cd stress affected the expression of lipid transport and assembly, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, sugar biosynthesis, and ATP generation. Conclusion: These results suggest that an increase in soil Cd content may end up in Huangjing. Cadmium stress initiates expression changes in multiple pathways related to energy metabolism, sugar biosynthesis, and secondary metabolite biosynthesis. The proteins involved in these pathways are potential candidates for manipulation and development of Cd stress-tolerant genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most of the current methods for the synthesis of two-dimensional materials (2DMs) require temperatures not compatible with traditional back-end-of-line (BEOL) processes in semiconductor industry (450 °C). Here, we report a general BiOCl-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) approach for the low-temperature synthesis of 27 ultrathin 2DMs. In particular, by mixing BiOCl with selected metal powders to produce volatile intermediates, we show that ultrathin 2DMs can be produced at 280–500 °C, which are ~200–300 °C lower than the temperatures required for salt-assisted CVD processes. In-depth characterizations and theoretical calculations reveal the low-temperature processes promoting 2D growth and the oxygen-inhibited synthetic mechanism ensuring the formation of ultrathin nonlayered 2DMs. We demonstrate that the resulting 2DMs exhibit electrical, magnetic and optoelectronic properties comparable to those of 2DMs grown at much higher temperatures. The general low-temperature preparation of ultrathin 2DMs defines a rich material platform for exploring exotic physics and facile BEOL integration in semiconductor industry. Chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a versatile method to synthesize 2D materials, but usually requires high growth temperatures. Here, the authors report a BiOCl-assisted CVD approach to grow 2D nanosheets from 27 different layered and nonlayered materials at temperatures <500 °C, which are compatible with back-end-of-the-line industrial processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Simple Summary: Targeted therapy has revolutionized the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) and MET inhibition is a promising therapy for MET-dysregulated NSCLC. However, due to the lack of effective biomarkers, the clinical efficacy is unsatisfactory. This study aims to investigate the clinical utility of plasma proteomics-derived biomarkers for MET-dysregulated NSCLC (including MET amplification and MET overexpression). We analyzed 89 longitudinal plasma samples from MET-dysregulated advanced-stage NSCLC patients treated with MET inhibitors by the method of mass spectrometry. The results showed that the peripheral plasma proteomic characteristics were associated with the outcomes of patients treated with MET inhibitors. Through biomarker selection, we found a four plasma protein signature (MYH9, GNB1, ALOX12B, and HSD17B4 proteins) could predict the response and progression-free survival of patients treated with MET inhibitors with high accuracy. This study highlighted the clinical utilization of plasma biomarkers to scream patients to receive MET inhibitors. MET inhibitors have shown promising efficacy for MET-dysregulated non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, quite a few patients cannot benefit from it due to the lack of powerful biomarkers. This study aims to explore the potential role of plasma proteomics-derived biomarkers for patients treated with MET inhibitors using mass spectrometry. We analyzed the plasma proteomics from patients with MET dysregulation (including MET amplification and MET overexpression) treated with MET inhibitors. Thirty-three MET-dysregulated NSCLC patients with longitudinal 89 plasma samples were included. We classified patients into the PD group and non-PD group based on clinical response. The baseline proteomic profiles of patients in the PD group were distinct from those in the non-PD group. Through protein screening, we found that a four-protein signature (MYH9, GNB1, ALOX12B, HSD17B4) could predict the efficacy of patients treated with MET inhibitors, with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.93, better than conventional fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) or immunohistochemistry (IHC) tests. In addition, combining the four-protein signature with FISH or IHC test could also reach higher predictive performance. Further, the combined signature could predict progression-free survival for MET-dysregulated NSCLC (p < 0.001). We also validated the performance of the four-protein signature in another cohort of plasma using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. In conclusion, the four plasma protein signature (MYH9, GNB1, ALOX12B, and HSD17B4 proteins) might play a substitutable or complementary role to conventional MET FISH or IHC tests. This exploration will help select patients who may benefit from MET inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Modified pharyngeal electrical stimulation (mPES) is a novel therapeutic method for patients with neurogenic dysphagia and tracheostomy. However, the underlying neural mechanisms are still unclear. This study aims to investigate the impact of mPES on swallowing-related neural networks and involuntary swallowing frequency using functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). 20 healthy volunteers participated in this study, including two separate experimental paradigms. Experiment 1: Immediate effect observation, 20 participants (10 female; mean age 47.65 ± 10.48) were delivered with real and sham mPES in random order for 8 repetitions. fNIRS signals were collected during the whole period of Experiments 1. Swallowing frequency was assessed during sham/real mPES. Experiment 2: Prolonged effect observation, 7 out of the 20 participants (4 female; mean age 49.71 ± 6.26) completed real mPES for 5 sessions (1 session/day). 13 of the 20 participants withdrew for personal reasons. Hemodynamic changes were recorded by fNIRS on day 1 and 5. Results show that mPES evoked cortical activation over a distributed network in bilateral primary somatosensory, primary motor, somatosensory association cortex, pre-motor and supplementary motor area, dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, Broca's area, and supramarginal gyrus part of Wernicke's area. Meanwhile, the increased frequency of involuntary swallowing was associated with decreased frontopolar activation (frontopolar cortex: Channel 6, p = 0.024, r = −0.529; Channel 23, p = 0.019, r = −0.545). Furthermore, after five days of mPES, decreased cortical activations were observed in the right dorsolateral prefrontal and supramarginal gyrus part of Wernicke's area, and left frontopolar and M1 areas. Overall, these results might suggest that mPES could elicit changes in neuroplasticity that could reorganize the swallowing-related neural network and increase involuntary swallow frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Psychological distress and posttraumatic stress, including anxiety, severely influence life quality. Previously, we reported that interleukin-18 (IL-18) was involved in pyroptosis-induced emotional changes in a rodent model of hemorrhagic shock and resuscitation (HSR). Here, we aimed to continue our investigation on the role of IL-18 binding protein (IL-18BP), which exhibits excellent anti-inflammatory effects as an IL-18 negative regulator. Mice were administered with an intraperitoneal injection of IL-18BP after HSR exposure and anxiety-like behavior was examined using the open-field test and elevated plus maze test. Moreover, the following variables post-HSR were measured: (1) the activation of astrocytes; (2) pyroptosis-associated factors including cleaved caspase-1, GSDMD, IL-18; (3) the roles of IL-18 receptor (IL-18R)-NOD-like receptor pyrin domain-containing-3 (NLRP3) signal with the application of the NLRP3 specific agonist or astrocyte-specific NLRP3 knockout mice. IL-18BP administration remarkably alleviated HSR-induced anxiety-like behavior, astrocytic activation, and increases in pyroptosis-associated factors, while NLRP3 agonist nigericin partially reversed IL-18BP-induced neuroprotective effects. Astrocyte-specific NLRP3 knockout mice exhibited relatively less anxiety-like behavior. Similarly, IL-18BP exhibited an anti-pyroptosis effect in astrocytes in an in vitro model of low oxygen-glucose deprivation. These findings offer unique perspectives on HSR-induced posttraumatic stress and indicate that inhibition of IL-18R–NLRP3 signal via IL-18BP can attenuate astrocytic activation and pyroptosis, broadening the therapeutic landscape for patients with psychological distress and posttraumatic stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inorganic perovskites show excellent advantages over traditional quantum dots (QDs) and have great potential for application in light-emitting devices, display devices, and other fields. In this paper, CsPbBr3/Cs4PbBr6 QDs with different cesium-to-lead ratios are synthesized in one step at room temperature and in a simple environment without protective measures. Among them, the perovskite powder with a photoluminescence quantum yield (PLQY) of 54% and a series of ink additives are formulated into a perovskite fluorescent ink with high stability and printability. The inks are used not only for printing but also for writing with simple and convenient application conditions in mass production. Finally, the inks are used to combine ZnS:Cu flexible alternative current electroluminescent (ACEL) devices to produce two different structures of light conversion flexible ACEL devices in a full-printing manner. The material loss and cost of the devices are very low. Pattern drawing and printing can be performed selectively. Among them, the P-outside structure ACEL device has a high lumen efficiency of 77.43 lm/W, which shows the application potential of the ink in ACEL devices and promotes the process of perovskite materials from laboratory to industrial applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims To identify single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with central serous chorioretinopathy (CSCR) by a systematic review and meta-analysis, and to compare the association profiles between CSCR, neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) and polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV). Methods We searched the EMBASE, PubMed and Web of Science for genetic studies of CSCR from the starting dates of the databases to 12 September 2020. We then performed meta-analyses on all SNPs reported by more than two studies and calculated the pooled OR and 95% CIs. We also conducted sensitivity analysis and adopted the funnel plot to assess potential publication bias. Results Totally 415 publications were reviewed, among them 10 were eligible for meta-analysis. We found 10 SNPs that have been reported at least twice. Meta-analysis and sensitivity analysis confirmed significant associations between CSCR and six SNPs in three genes, namely age-related maculopathy susceptibility 2 (ARMS2) (rs10490924, OR=1.37; p=0.00064), complement factor H (CFH) (rs800292, OR=1.44; p=7.80x10-5; rs1061170, OR=1.34; p=0.0028; rs1329428, 0R=1.40; p=0.012; and rs2284664, OR=1.36; p=0.0089) and tumour necrosis factor receptor superfamily, member 10a (TNFRSF10A) (rs13278062, OR=1.34; p=1.44x10-15). Among them, only TNFRSF10A rs13278062 showed the same trend of effect on CSCR, nAMD and PCV, while the SNPs in ARMS2 and CFH showed opposite trends in the SNP associations. Conclusions This study confirmed the associations of ARMS2, CFH and TNFRSF10A with CSCR, and revealed that ARMS2, CFH and TNFRSF10A may affect different phenotypic expressions of CSCR, nAMD and PCV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The experiment took the edible fungus residue as research object, to improve the crude protein content in fermentation product. Single factor experiment and orthogonal experiment were used to investigate the effects of different factors on the crude protein content in the solid fermentation of edible fungus residue, and to find the optimal combination of fermentation parameters. The nutrient content before and after fermentation was compared under the optimal process parameters. The results showed that the order of importance of the factors affecting the crude protein content in the fermented products was the ratio of material to liquid > fermentation temperature > inoculation amount of seed liquid > fermentation time. The optimal fermentation parameters were fermentation temperature 30 °C, material liquid ratio 3.0 g/mL, fermentation time 96 h and seed liquid inoculation amount 25%. The crude protein content of fermentation product was 22.37%. Compared with before fermentation, the crude protein content in fermented product was significantly increased (P<0.05), the cellulose and hemicellulose content were significantly decreased (P<0.05) . The study indicates that the solid state fermentation of edible mushroom residue by inoculating mixed bacteria can produce higher quality protein feed and effectively improve the feeding nutritional value of mushroom residue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a promising dual-gated thin film transistor (TFT) structure has been proposed and introduced in the shift register (SR)-integrated circuits to reduce the rising time. The threshold voltage can be simultaneously changed by the top gate and the bottom gate in the proposed dual-gated TFTs. When the SR circuits start to export the scan signals in the displays, the driving currents in the SR circuits are increased by switching the working station of driving TFTs from the enhancement characterization to the depletion characterization. Subsequently, the detailed smart spice simulation has been used to study the function of the proposed SR circuits. In the next step, the proposed SR circuits have been fabricated in a G4.5 active-matrix organic light-emitting diode manufacture factory. The simulated and experimental results indicate that the shift register pulses with the full swing amplitude can be obtained in the SR circuits. Moreover, in contrast to the conventional SR circuits employing with the single-gated TFTs, it has been found that the rising time of the output signals can be reduced from 3.75 μs to 1.23 μs in the proposed SR circuits with the dual-gated TFTs, thus exhibiting the significant improvement of the driving force in the proposed SR circuits. Finally, we demonstrated a 31-inch 4K AMOLED display with the proposed SR circuits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase of gate leakage current when the gate dielectric layer is thinned is a key issue for device scalability. For scaling down the integrated circuits, a thin gate dielectric layer with a low leakage current is essential. Currently, changing the dielectric layer material or enhancing the surface contact between the gate dielectric and the channel material is the most common way to reduce gate leakage current in devices. Herein, we report a technique of enhancing the surface contact between the gate dielectric and the metal electrode, that is constructing an Au/Al2O3/Si metalâ€"oxideâ€"semiconductor device by replacing the typical evaporated electrode/dielectric layer contact with a transferred electrode/high- Îş dielectric layer contact. The contact with a mild, non-invasive interface can ensure the intrinsic insulation of the dielectric layer. By applying 2â€"40 nm Al2O3 as the dielectric layer, the current densityâ€"electrical field (J â€" E) measurement reveals that the dielectric leakage generated by the transferred electrode is less than that obtained by the typical evaporated electrode with a ratio of 0.3 × 101 ∼ 5 × 106 at V bias = 1 V. Furthermore, at J  = 1 mA cmâˆ'2, the withstand voltage can be raised by 100â€"102 times over that of an evaporated electrode. The capacitanceâ€"voltage (C â€" V) test shows that the transferred metal electrode can efficiently scale the equivalent oxide layer thickness (EOT) to 1.58 nm, which is a relatively smaller value than the overall reported Si-based device’s EOT. This finding successfully illustrates that the transferred electrode/dielectric layer’s mild contact can balance the scaling of the gate dielectric layer with a minimal leakage current and constantly reduce the EOT. Our enhanced electrode/dielectric contact approach provides a straightforward and effective pathway for further scaling of devices in integrated circuits and significantly decreases the overall integrated circuit’s static power consumption (ICs). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Long‐term neurological deficits after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), including cognitive dysfunction and emotional impairments, can significantly impair rehabilitation. Glial activation induced by inflammatory response is involved in the neurological deficits post‐TBI. This study aimed to investigate the role of the stimulator of interferon genes (STING)–nucleotide‐binding oligomerization domain‐like receptor pyrin domain‐containing‐3 (NLRP3) signaling in a rodent model of severe TBI. Severe TBI models were established using weight‐drop plus blood loss reinfusion model. Selective STING agonist ADU‐S100 or antagonist C‐176 was given as a single dose after modeling. Further, NLRP3 inhibitor MCC950 or activator nigericin, or caspase‐1 inhibitor VX765, was given as an intracerebroventricular injection 30 min before modeling. After that, a novel object recognition test, open field test, force swimming test, western blot, and immunofluorescence assays were used to assess behavioral and pathological changes in severe TBI. Administration of C‐176 alleviated TBI‐induced cognitive dysfunction and emotional impairments, neuronal loss, and inflammatory activation of glia cells. However, the administration of STING agonist ADU‐S100 exacerbated TBI‐induced behavioral and pathological changes. In addition, STING activation exacerbated pyroptosis‐associated neuroinflammation via promoting glial activation, as evidenced by increased cleaved caspase‐1 and GSDMD N‐terminal expression. In contrast, the administration of C‐176 showed anti‐pyroptotic effects. The neuroprotective effects of C‐176 were partially reversed by the NLRP3 activator, nigericin. Collectively, glial STING is responsible for neuroinflammation post‐TBI. However, pharmacologic inhibition of STING led to a remarkable improvement of neuroinflammation partly through suppressing NLRP3 signaling. The STING–NLRP3 signaling is a potential therapeutic target in TBI‐induced neurological dysfunction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two‐dimensional (2D) materials have attracted extensive attention due to their important prospects in electronics and optoelectronics. Synthesizing new 2D materials, characterizing their properties, and developing their applications are still important topics. Herein, the synthesis of α‐GeTe nanoplates on different substrates via the chemical vapor deposition process and the systematical investigation of their structure and electrical properties, is reported. By controlling the synthesis temperature and carrier gas, α‐GeTe nanoplates, with a lateral dimension up to 30 µm and a thickness down to 1.2 nm, which corresponds to the thickness of one unit cell, can be obtained on 2D WSe2 substrate. Electrical transport studies show 2D α‐GeTe nanoplates have an excellent conductivity (9.33 × 105 S m−1) and an extraordinary breakdown current density (6.1× 107 A cm−2). Compared with traditional WSe2 transistors with deposited metal electrodes, the WSe2 transistors with the metallic α‐GeTe nanoplates as van der Waals metal electrodes achieved much better performance, such as higher on‐state current (from 7.83 to 23.23 µA µm−1) and electron mobility (from 16.5 to 75.0 cm2 V1 S1). This study demonstrates an effective pathway to achieve ultrathin 2D materials and provides an accessible strategy to improve the performance of 2D electronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We demonstrate a continuously tunable electric field measurement based on the far off-resonant AC stark effect in a Rydberg atomic vapor cell. In this configuration, a strong far off-resonant field, denoted as a local oscillator (LO) field, acts as a gain to shift the Rydberg level to a high sensitivity region. An incident weak signal field with a few hundreds of kHz difference from the LO field is mixed with the LO field in the Rydberg system to generate an intermediate frequency signal, which is read out by Rydberg electromagnetically induced transparency (Rydberg-EIT) spectroscopy. Not like resonant EIT-Autler–Townes spectra, we realize the electric field measurement of the signal frequency from 2 to 5 GHz using a single Rydberg state. The detectable field strength is down to 2.25 μV/cm with sensitivity of the electrometry 712 nV cm−1 Hz−1/2, and a linear dynamic range is over 65 dB. The detectable field strength is comparable with a resonant microwave-dressed Rydberg heterodyne receiver using the same system, which is 0.96 μV/cm with sensitivity of 304 nV cm–1 Hz−1/2. We also show the system has an inherent polarization selectivity feature. Our method can provide high sensitivity of electric field measurement and be extended to arbitrary frequency measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and satisfaction of rapid rehabilitation nursing in patients with laparoscopic myomectomy. Methods. In this retrospective study, a total of 60 patients scheduled for a laparoscopic myomectomy in our hospital from January 2019 to February 2022 were enrolled and assigned at a ratio of 1 : 1 to receive either routine nursing (routine group) or rapid rehabilitation nursing (study group) according to different nursing methods. Outcome measures included nursing efficiency and nursing satisfaction. Results. Rapid rehabilitation nursing resulted in less intraoperative blood loss, shorter postoperative exhaust time and hospital stay, and a lower incidence of bladder irritation (123.56 ± 30.68 , 22.54 ± 5.07 , 5.70 ± 1.06 , and 4.55%) versus the routine nursing (185.78 ± 32.78 , 31.02 ± 5.28 , 7.57 ± 2.19 , 18.18%) (P < 0.05). Rapid rehabilitation nursing was associated with a lower incidence of complications (3.33%) versus routine nursing (20.00%) (P < 0.05). The eligible patients receiving rapid rehabilitation nursing showed a significantly higher satisfaction (96.67%) versus routine nursing (80.00%) (P < 0.05). Conclusion. Rapid rehabilitation nursing is effective in the nursing of patients after laparoscopic myomectomy by minimizing the physical and mental stress of patients, shortening the length of hospital stay, reducing the occurrence of related complications, and boosting the quality of life of patients, so it is worthy of clinical application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Doping can change the band structure of semiconductors, thereby affecting their electrical, optical, and magnetic properties. In this study, we describe the synthesis of two-dimensional (2D) Se-doped Cr2S3 (Se-Cr2S3) nanosheets using the chemical vapor deposition method. In these semiconductor nanosheets, the Se doping concentration can be controlled by tuning the Se/S mass ratio in the precursor. At the doping concentrations of 10.05% and 2.05%, the room temperature conductivity and mobility were increased by nearly 4 and 2 orders of magnitude, respectively. In addition, the response time of an ultrathin Se-Cr2S3 photo-detector was 200 times shorter than that of an undoped Cr2S3 nanosheet photodetector. 4.07%-Se-Cr2S3 nanosheets show ferrimagnetic behavior with a Curie temperature of ∼200 K, which is 80 K higher than that of undoped Cr2S3 nanosheets. A density functional theory calculation indicated that the Se doping can induce the formation of intercalated Cr vacancies in Se-Cr2S3 and enhance its metallic characteristics. Our results demonstrated that Se-Cr2S3 has significant potential in future electronic, optoelectronic, and spintronic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]