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Objective: A thorough and comprehensive knowledge base on the extent of comorbidity of attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and somatic conditions is needed. Method: We compared the prevalence of a wide range of somatic conditions in individuals with and without ADHD and described sex and lifecourse differences. Individuals with an ADHD diagnosis (N = 87,394) and age and sex‐matched individuals without an ADHD diagnosis were identified from a large health claims dataset representative of the general German population, including both primary and specialized care (N = 4.874,754). Results were provided for the full sample as well as stratified for sex and age (<12 years, 13–17 years, 18–29 years, 30–59 years, ≥60 years). Results: The results showed that ADHD is associated with a wide variety of somatic conditions across the entire lifecourse. Specifically neurological disorders such as Parkison's disease (odds ratio [OR]: 5.21) and dementia (OR: 2.23), sleep‐related disorders (OR: 2.38) and autoimmune disorders affecting the musculoskeletal, digestive, and endocrine system (fibromyalgia OR: 3.33; lupus OR: 2.17) are strongly and significantly associated with ADHD. Additionally, ADHD is associated with higher occurrence of common acute diseases typically treated by the general practitioner, hinting at an overall general lower health status. Sex differences in somatic comorbidity were not prominent. Age differences, in contrast, stood out: in particular endocrine, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders had an early onset in individuals with compared to individuals without ADHD. Conclusion: This research underlines the high burden of disease due to somatic conditions among individuals with ADHD. The findings indicate the need for preventive measures to reduce comorbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this review is both to evaluate the impact of the association of nosocomial infections, dental and somatic pathology in patients with depression, because the presence of comorbidities leads to an increase in health care costs, as well as to evaluate the importance of multidisciplinary care of these patients. Chronic depression correlated, independently, more frequently with the state of somatic health compared to episodic depression thus emphasizing the need for prompt treatment of depression. Nosocomial infections associated with depression are a constant concern in the medical field, despite significant advances in patient care. These infections, occurring within medical institutions, constitute a major problem in the health system, generating significant morbidity and mortality, and involving substantial socio-economic costs. There is a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases and strokes in patients suffering from recurrent depressive disorder. It is possible that anxiety through serotonergic dysfunction represents the physio-pathological link that establishes the depressionanxiety-somatic pathology connection. The physical health of patients with depression must also include prevention of oral pathology through oral hygiene advice, management of iatrogenic dry mouth and early dental visits. Osteo-articular diseases increase the risk of suicide, while cardiovascular diseases lead to an increase in the frequency of episodes and hospitalizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Depression is associated with most somatic diseases, with an impact of poor prognosis and evolution, higher medical costs, and a higher level of functional disability. The aim of this study is to provide an overall picture of the broad range of somatic disorders associated with depression and to emphasize the need for suitable management. Methods: We collected data from 59 adult patients diagnosed with mild, moderate, and severe depression who benefitted from inpatient care at one point from March of 2020 until February of 2021. Using these data, we calculated the prevalence of multiple groups of comorbid somatic diseases and highlighted the correlations between the severity of the depressive episode and the multimorbidity status of each patient. Results: The most prevalent diagnosis groups were "metabolic, nutritional and endocrinologic diseases", followed by "diseases of the circulatory system" and "diseases of the nervous system". Correlations between the severity of depression and the multimorbidity status in each diagnosis group were identified. Conclusions: Our findings illustrate the strong connection between depression and a broad spectrum of somatic diseases. Consequently, we underscore the importance of an integrative approach for the adequate management of these cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify determinants within 3 different domains (ie, somatic comorbidities, cognitive functioning, and neuropsychiatric symptoms [NPS]) of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) over time in memory clinic patients without dementia.Methods: This longitudinal multicenter cohort study with a 3-year observation period recruited 315 individuals (age: 69.8 ± 8.6, 64.4% males, Mini-Mental State Examination score 26.9 ± 2.6). A multivariable explanatory model was built using linear mixed effects models (forward selection per domain) to select determinants for self-perceived HRQoL over time, as measured by the EuroQoL-5D visual analogue scale (EQ VAS).Results: Mean HRQoL at study entry was 69.4 ± 15.6. The presence of agitation, appetite and eating abnormalities, and eyes/ears/nose (ie, sensory impairment) comorbidities were associated with a change in HRQoL over time. Agitation was most strongly associated with HRQoL over time.Conclusions: The association of somatic comorbidities and NPS in memory clinic patients with course of HRQoL shows that these should receive more awareness, detection, and monitoring by clinicians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims: To evaluate the prevalence of unexplained extraoral symptoms in a group of patients with burning mouth syndrome (BMS) and compare the prevalence with that in patients with oral lichen planus (OLP) and age- and gender-matched controls. Methods: The occurrence of extraoral symptoms was analyzed in a group of 124 BMS patients, a group of 112 oral lichen planus (OLP) patients, and a group of 102 healthy patients. Oral symptoms were collected by a specialist in oral medicine and a general dentist, while data concerning unexplained extraoral symptoms were gathered by each specialist ward, ie, ophthalmology, gynecology, otolaryngology, gastroenterology, neurology, cardiology, internal medicine, and dermatology. A Fisher exact test (α = .05) and Kruskal-Wallis test (α = .05) were performed for statistical analysis. Results: In the BMS group, 98 (96.1%) patients reported unexplained extraoral symptoms, while 4 (3.9%) patients reported only oral symptoms. A painful symptomatology in different bodily regions was reported more frequently by BMS patients (83.3%) than by OLP patients (1.8%) and healthy patients (11.7%) (P < .0001). The differences in the overall unexplained extraoral symptoms between BMS (96.1%) and OLP patients (9.3%) (P < .0001) and between BMS (96.1%) and healthy patients (15.7%) (P < .0001) were statistically significant. The unexplained extraoral symptoms in BMS patients consisted of pain perceived in different bodily areas (odds ratio [OR]: 255; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 58.4-1112), ear-nose-throat symptoms (OR: 399.7; 95%CI: 89.2-1790), neurological symptoms (OR: 393; 95% CI: 23.8-6481), ophthalmological symptoms (OR: 232.3; 95% CI: 14.1-3823), gastrointestinal complaints (OR: 111.2; 95% CI: 42.2-293), skin/gland complaints (OR: 63.5; 95% CI: 3.8-1055), urogenital complaints (OR: 35; 95% CI: 12-101), and cardiopulmonary symptoms (OR: 19; 95% CI: 4.5-82). Conclusion: The great majority of BMS patients presented with several additional unexplained extraoral comorbidities, indicating that various medical disciplines should be involved in the BMS diagnostic process. Furthermore, the results suggest that BMS may be classified as a complex somatoform disorder rather than a neuropathic pain entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Therapeutic strategies in Alzheimer's disease (AD) must take into account the characteristics of elderly people, who often have somatic comorbidities. Moreover, demented patients are more frequently frailer than older people. They have a higher number of admissions to hospital, a greater prevalence of complications and an increased risk of death. Therapeutic decisions for these patients have to be approached cautiously: aging, a more elevated comorbidity/polytherapy index and frailty contribute to enhance the risk of pharmacological adverse events and drug interactions. The aim of the present study was to focus on risk-benefit profile of pharmacological therapy for AD in relation to somatic comorbidities that often affect these patients. A Medline search (from 2001 to 2012) was performed using as key words dementia, Alzheimer's disease, drug treatment, somatic comorbidities, side effects/adverse events and elderly. Cholinesterase inhibitors (ChEIs) and memantine represent the main pharmacological strategies effective in reducing the progression of cognitive decline and functional loss in AD. Many conditions very common in the elderly may restrict the use of ChEIs and/or treatment efficacy in AD patients. Memantine has a good efficacy and tolerability profile with better safety in pulmonary, cardiovascular and central nervous system comorbidities compared to ChEIs. Drug interactions with memantine are also more favorable since they concern mostly drugs not commonly used in the elderly. Only a careful evaluation of the associated somatic diseases, taking into account different drugs safety indexes and tolerability, can lead to personalized treatment management, in order to maximize drug efficacy and optimize quality of life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The prevalence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has increased considerably in the past decades. The primary care paediatrician plays an important role not only in the early recognition of ASD but also in its chronic management. Paediatricians need to be comfortable with the global care of children with ASD. The diagnostic assessment of children with ASD comprises the medical investigations to identify associated or underlying medical conditions. The most important associated conditions are seizures, feeding and gastrointestinal problems, sleep disturbances and dental abnormalities. The care of ASD patients is very demanding since along with the purely medical issues there are challenging behavioural and psychiatric conditions that need consideration and professional skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: People followed at the department of psychiatry have a high prevalence of somatic pathologies that are generally not taken optimal care of in time, which implies excess mortality rate among these patients. Objectives: To study somatic comorbidities in patients followed at the department of psychiatry of the regional hospital of Gabes (Tunisia). Methods: We conducted a retrospective, descriptive and analytical study carried out on a clinical population who consult for the first time at the psychiatry department at the Gabes regional hospital during the period from January 1st, 2010 to December 31, 2013. Sociodemographic, clinical and therapeutic data of the patients were assessed. Data were analysed using the software SPSS (20th edition). Results: The number of patients consulting for the first time at the psychiatry department during the study's period was 1601 patients, with a mean age of 34 years and a sex ratio (M / F) of 0.96. Among these patients, 399 (24.9%) had somatic comorbidity. The most common somatic comorbidity was arterial hypertension (8.1% of patients, n=129 patients). Diabetesmellitus was ranked second with 99 patients (6.2%). The analytical study showed that depressive disorders were significantly more frequent in patients with hypertension (p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (p<0.001) and asthma (p=0.026). Conclusions: Somatic comorbidities were frequent in patients followed by the department of psychiatry. Paying attention to somatic comorbidities must be part of the evaluation of these patients in order to coordinate effectively with the somatic doctors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]