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A large amount of poultry blood is annually generated, and currently underutilized or largely disposed of as waste, resulting in environmental pollution and waste of protein resources. As one of the main by-products during the poultry slaughter process, the produced poultry blood can serve as a promising food ingredient due to its excellent functional properties and abundant source of essential amino acids, bioactive peptides and functional components. This work provides a comprehensive summary of recent research progress in the composition, functional and bioactive properties, as well as the functional components of poultry blood. Furthermore, the main preparation methods of poultry blood-derived peptides and their bioactivities were reviewed. In addition, their potential applications in the food industry were discussed. Overall, poultry blood is characterized by excellent functionalities, including solubility, gelation, foaming, and emulsifying properties. The major preparation methods for poultry blood-derived peptides include enzymatic hydrolysis, ultrasound-assisted enzymatic methods, macroporous adsorbent resins, and subcritical water hydrolysis. Poultry blood-derived peptides exhibit diverse bioactivities. Their metallic off-flavors and bitterness can be improved by exopeptidase treatment, Maillard reaction, and plastein reaction. In addition, poultry blood is also abundant in functional components such as hemoglobin, superoxide dismutase, immunoglobulin, and thrombin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Capsaicin is the main pungent compound in red pepper responsible for its dual attributes of culinary utility and bioactive efficacy. This review aims to systematically review the preparation methods, pungency, and bioactivities of capsaicin. Capsaicin can be extracted by maceration, microwave, near‐infrared extraction, supercritical fluid, and ultrasound‐assisted extraction methods. Also, it can be synthesised through chemical, biosynthetic, and in vitro cell methods. Capsaicin can elicit a pungent sensation via activation of TRPV1 receptor. Furthermore, it has been reported to display various bioactivities, such as hypoglycaemic, hypolipidemic, analgesic, anti‐cancer, anti‐inflammatory, and intestinal health‐protecting activities via several signalling pathways. Overall, this review can provide a theoretical reference for understanding the preparation, pungent sensation, and bioactivities of capsaicin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sheep and goat meats are increasingly popular worldwide due to their superior nutritional properties and distinctive flavor profiles. In recent decades, substantial progress in meat science has facilitated in-depth examinations of ovine and caprine muscle development during the antemortem phase, as well as post-mortem changes influencing meat attributes. To elucidate the intrinsic molecular mechanisms and identify potential biomarkers associated with meat quality, the methodologies employed have evolved from traditional physicochemical parameters (such as color, tenderness, water holding capacity, flavor, and pH) to some cutting-edge omics technologies, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and metabolomics approaches. This review provides a comprehensive analysis of multi-omics techniques and their applications in unraveling sheep and goat meat quality attributes. In addition, the challenges and future perspectives associated with implementing multi-omics technologies in this area of study are discussed. Multi-omics tools can contribute to deciphering the molecular mechanism responsible for the altered the meat quality of sheep and goats across transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic dimensions. The application of multi-omics technologies holds great potential in exploring and identifying biomarkers for meat quality and quality control, thereby promoting the optimization of production processes in the sheep and goat meat industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: As a highly perishable food, raw meat, if not preserved, will spoil due to the altered metabolism, microbial activity and external factors during storage. Biopreservatives, as a new type of preservatives, are characterised by nontoxicity, extensive source and good application prospects in the raw meat. This review discusses the factors responsible for the spoilage of raw meat, recaps the spoilage bacteria in the raw meat and summarises the major antibacterial mechanism of various biopreservatives. Moreover, application of various biopreservatives in the preservation of raw meat is emphatically reviewed. In addition, some existing challenges for application of biopreservatives and their prospective development are also discussed. The present work provides a theoretical reference for application of various biopreservatives in different types of raw meat for shelf life extension. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: Owing to recent changes in consumer eating behaviours as well as potential cost savings for processors, pulse ingredients are finding more application in the meat processing industry. In this study, pea ingredients (pea fibre, FB; pea starch, ST; pea flour, PF) and chickpea flour (CF) were used, at 4% addition level, as fat replacers in low-fat breakfast sausages. The impact of these substitutions on processing and sensory characteristics of breakfast sausage was evaluated. RESULTS: While reduction in fat content in breakfast sausage resulted in some detrimental changes in cooking as well as textural characteristics of the product, addition of binders significantly improved these attributes in low-fat breakfast sausages. Overall, treatment formulation did not significantly affect the pH and the instrumental colour attributes of cooked breakfast sausage. Addition of all binders resulted in reduced cooking loss and increased moisture retention in low-fat breakfast sausage (P < 0.05), whereas, FB and ST were significantly more effective in improving water holding capacity of low-fat breakfast sausage. Furthermore, while both FB and ST increased the hardness, cohesiveness and chewiness parameters of low-fat breakfast sausage (P < 0.05), PF and CF had no impact. Generally, the consumer overall liking and flavour acceptability of FB and ST in low-fat breakfast sausage were significantly higher than those of PF and CF. CONCLUSION: The use of ST or FB as a fat replacer in breakfast sausages offers processors improved cook yield without negatively impacting the important sensory attributes of breakfast sausages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food protein-derived peptides serve as food ingredients that can influence flavor and bioactivity of foods. The Maillard reaction plays a crucial role in food processing and storage, and generates a wide range of Maillard reaction products (MRPs) that contribute to flavor and bioactivity of foods. Even though the reactions between proteins and carbohydrates have been extensively investigated, the modifications of food protein-derived peptides and the subsequent impacts on flavor and bioactivity of foods have not been fully elucidated. In this review, the flavor and bioactive properties of food-derived peptides are reviewed. The formation mechanisms with respect to MRPs generated from food protein-derived peptides have been discussed. The state-of-the-art studies on impacts of the Maillard reaction on flavor and bioactivity of food protein-derived peptides are also discussed. In addition, some potential negative effects of MRPs are described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Potato fruit juice (PFJ) is a dilute industrial by‐product of potato starch industry containing potato protein that is abundant in patatin, a major storage protein. From an economic standpoint, conversion of potato protein into a high value‐added food ingredient has received considerable attention. In this review, the structural and physicochemical characteristics of patatin are introduced. The separation and purification methods of patatin are compared and summarised. The functional properties of patatin as food ingredients are comprehensively reviewed. The beneficial effects of patatin on health and food application are emphatically presented. In addition, the current challenges for development of patatin as a functional food ingredient are also discussed. This review offers a theoretical basis for further application of patain in the food industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]