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Today for zootechnical science are remain relevant issues of the rational use of non-traditional feeds in the diets of farm animals. Among the large number of non-traditional foods, apple pomace occupies a prominent place. Like the raw materials, they contain many valuable components: carbohydrates, fats, proteins, pectin substances, vitamins, acids, mineral elements and others. The inclusion of apple pomace in the diet of animals allows not only to increase their productivity and obtain a significant amount of meat and dairy products, but also to save a significant amount of grain fodder and prevent environmental pollution. The aim of scientific research was to study the quality of slaughter products of fattening young pigs for the use of apple pomace flour as a compound feed. Experimental studies were conducted on young pigs of a large white breed of French breeding. During the fattening period, the young pigs of the experimental groups were fed compound feed with different proportions of flour from apple pomace (5 %, 10 and 15 % by weight). The study of the chemical composition of the pigs' meat of the control and experimental groups did not reveal any significant difference between them. However, in the pigs' meat of the experimental groups, compared to the control group, the content of total moisture decreased by 0.4–0.6 % and the fat content by 0.1–0.5 %. In terms of protein content, the young animals of the experimental groups prevailed by 0.5– 1.0 % of their peers from the control group. At the same time, there is a tendency to increase the energy and biological value of the meat of young pigs, which during the fattening period were fed apple pomace flour in the amount of 5 and 10 % by weight instead of barley grain As for the quality of adipose tissue, a slight increase in total moisture content by 0.1–0.8 % and a decrease in fat content by 0.5–1.7 % was observed in the young pigs of the experimental groups, compared to similar indicators in the control group. The results of studies of physical and chemical parameters of adipose tissue indicate some advantages of lard of young pigs of the control group. In particular, the melting temperature of pig fat in experimental groups was higher by 0.9–1.7 %, and the iodine number of fat was lower by 3.3–7.1 %, compared to the control group. Thus, the use of flour from apple pomace in the composition of compound feeds for fattening young pigs up to 15 % (by weight) will allow to save a part of expensive grain feed and thereby increase the efficiency of pork production without reducing the quality of products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today, indicators controlling poultry's mineral nutrition have significantly increased. However, the physiological need of various types and technological poultry groups for certain mineral elements that perform essential biochemical functions in the body has yet to be definitively established. This also applies to such an element as Selenium, which, according to modern classification, is recognized as an indispensable biotic ultramicroelement with a broad spectrum of biological action. The inclusion of Selenium in the composition of mixed feed for young poultry changes the direction of physiological and biochemical processes in the body and improves metabolism and, as a result, contributes to the increase in their live weight, viability, feed conversion, slaughter, and meat qualities, improvement of organoleptic indicators of meat, its amino acid composition, energy, and biological value. We conducted comprehensive scientific studies to deepen and expand modern ideas about the biological role of Selenium, its influence on the productive qualities, and internal indicators of ducklings in the postembryonic period of ontogenesis. One of the tasks was to study the causal relationship between the level of consumption of Selenium with feed by ducklings and the studied indicators. Experimental studies were conducted on ducklings of the Ukrainian white breed. Following existing standards, feeding ducklings daily to 56 days of age was carried out with complete mixed feeds, balanced in essential nutrients and biologically active substances. Ducklings of the first control group did not receive selenium supplementation in mixed feed. Poultry of experimental groups (2-4) was additionally injected with different amounts of Selenium, respectively, by 0.2 mg/kg, 0.4, and 0.6 mg/kg. When conducting a correlation analysis of the obtained experimental data, it was found that between the economically useful and interior features included in the analysis, there are different levels and directions of the relationship, which may vary depending on the level of selenium consumption by ducklings. A scheme of modeling the effect of Selenium on the ducklings' organism raised for meat is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A possible approach to ensuring the necessary qualitative properties of analytical models by adapting their parameters to probable changes in the course of complex processes is considered. The approach involves the use of a polymodel description of processes with the aim of mutual compensation of the objective shortcomings of heterogeneous models, as well as the use of simulation modeling capabilities to adjust the parameters of analytical models in cases where the use of the latter is due to strict limitations on the time of obtaining calculation results and developing control influences based on them. The considered example of parametric adaptation of the Lanchester-type model reflects probable changes in the number of opposing sides during the conduct of hostilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The productivity of bee families depends to a large extent on the influence of exogenous factors. The most important ones include: the presence of a honey-bearing base, climatic conditions, temperature of the environment, etc. It significantly affects the growth of families and the stability of the microclimate in the nest. The welcome temperature range in the postembryonic period fluctuates within 30-38 °С. Therefore, the purpose of the work was to find out the physiological and biochemical peculiarities of the adaptation of the body of honeybee bees under the influence of the lowered temperature in the nest. For research, two groups of honeybees were selected that differed in terms of maintenance. The control group was constantly in the nest of the bee family, and the experimental at the stage of the prepupa was placed in a thermostat where the temperature was maintained at 32 °С. Materials for researches were tissues of prepupa and pupa. The method of thin-layer chromatography identifies the classes of lipids, phospholipids and cholesterol. Based on the performed researches, it was found that the violation of the optimal parameters of the microclimate in the post-embryonal period affects the increase in the weight of the prepupa of the body by 19.4% (P < 0.001) and the decrease in the intensity of the processes of dehydration in tissues by 63.8% (P < 0.05), which is associated with the accumulation of bound water in cells. It is proved that the decrease of the optimum temperature of the incubation of the breeding breed at 2 °С leads to prolongation of the post-embryonic development period by 35-42 hours. Under such conditions, throughout the period of incubation in bees, high levels of total lipids are observed. At the stage of prepupa, the number of triacylglycerols in the lipids increases by 49.0% (P < 0.001). In ontogenesis in pupa tissues, a gradual decrease in the content of triacylglycerols, including the imaging stage, is evidently due to the effect of the stress factor. It was found that lowering the temperature on the second day of incubation of the breeding plant reduces the content of phospholipids in the lipid tissues by 11.9% (P ˂ 0.05). At the same time, the decrease in the content of lysophosphatidylcholine was detected by 6.6% (P < 0.001). The violation of the optimum temperature during the development of bees leads to a steady increase in the content of esterified cholesterol by an average of 47.9% (P < 0.01). In the process of pupa formation, the ratio of classes of esterified cholesterol is changing. The conducted studies allow to correct the metabolic processes in the body of honey bees in order to adapt them to the lowered temperatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The material class of rare earth nickelates with high Ni3+ oxidation state is generating continued interest due to the occurrence of a metal-insulator transition with charge order and the appearance of non-collinear magnetic phases within this insulating regime. The recent theoretical prediction for superconductivity in LaNiO3thin films has also triggered intensive research efforts. LaNiO3 seems to be the only rare earth nickelate that stays metallic and paramagnetic down to lowest temperatures. So far, centimeter-sized impurity-free single crystal growth has not been reported for the rare earth nickelates material class since elevated oxygen pressures are required for their synthesis. Here, we report on the successful growth of centimeter-sized LaNiO3 single crystals by the floating zone technique at oxygen pressures of up to 150 bar. Our crystals are essentially free from Ni2+ impurities and exhibit metallic properties together with an unexpected but clear antiferromagnetic transition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific studies of foreign and domestic scientists convincingly proved, that selenium is a vitally necessary microelement with a wide spectrum of biological action. Despite the small concentrations in the body, selenium has unique multi-functional functions - catalytic, structural, regulatory, - in the process of which he activates the action of many enzymes, vitamins, hormones and thus ensure the normal functioning of various biological systems, the implementation of numerous physiological and biochemical reactions in the living organism. The biochemical functions of selenium are not determined by the trace element itself, but by selenium proteins that contain the selenocysteine residue as an integral part of their active center. For today more than thirty such specific selenoproteins have been identified and identified in their pure form, the main of which are glutathione peroxidase, thioredoxine reductase, 5-iodothyronine deiodinase, selenoprotein P, and others. Glutathione peroxidases are the main antioxidant enzymes involved in peroxide oxidation of lipids in biological membranes, catalyze the reduction of hydrogen peroxide and almost all organic hydroperoxides, thus protecting the body's cells from reactive oxygen species. Thioredoxin reductase restores the SH-group in a specific thioredoxin protein, which is responsible for maintaining the oxidative-reduction potential in the cell, affects the products of eicosanoids, modulates the processes of inflammation and chemotaxis. Dayon dentiases of the I-III type are responsible for the exchange of thyroid hormones, are involved in the transformation of the "prohormone" of thyroxine into a more active form of influence - triiodothyronine, regulate and maintain a constant concentration of other thyroid hormones. Selenoprotein P is involved in the transport of selenium to various tissues, acts as an agent that helps neutralize toxic effects and remove heavy metals (Pt, Hg), protecting Leydig cells from active forms of oxygen, indirectly affects the synthesis of testosterone and the processes of spermatogenesis. Selenium plays an important role in the functioning of a nonspecific and specific immune system, prevents mutation of viruses and the emergence of new high-pathogenic strains. Selenium inhibits the formation of hyperplastic and enzyme-altered cells caused by aflatoxin B1 or T- 2 toxin, capable of destroying molds producing aflatoxins. Selenium is involved in the formation of mechanisms that determine the reproductive function, in particular, stimulates the hormonal function of the fetoplacental complex towards increasing the synthesis of estrogens, activates childbirth and postnatal involutional processes in the organs of the reproductive system, maintains the active function and structural integrity of the sperm, and thereby ensures their high mobility, preservation, and active penetration into the egg cell. The discovery of the biological properties of selenium has become the basis for its use initially in the prophylaxis and treatment of many illnesses and pain symptoms associated with the deficiency of this trace element, and subsequently - in order to increase the productivity of farm animals and poultry, improve the quality of their products and produce dietary food products of a functional purpose, with bio-correcting effect. Despite the considerable amount of conducted research, mechanisms of action of selenium on some metabolic processes in the body are still not fully clarified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The single-layer perovskite cobaltates have attracted enormous attention due to the recent observation of hour-glass shaped magnetic excitation spectra which resemble the ones of the famous high-temperature superconducting cuprates. Here, we present an overview of our most recent studies of the spin and charge correlations in floating-zone grown cobaltate single crystals. We find that frustration and a novel kind of electronic and magnetic nano phase separation are intimately connected to the appearance of the hour-glass shaped spin excitation spectra. We also point out the difference between nano phase separation and conventional phase separation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chemistry and aftereffects of the processes proceeding when a refrigerant (ethylene glycol or diethylene glycol) enters galvanic acid baths were studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An online resource has been developed for the theoretical study of hydration of biopolymers by the RISM (Reference Interaction Site Model) method, deriving from the integral equation theory of liquids. The online resource is based upon original software developed by the authors and includes all steps in studying a biopolymer with a given spatial structure and force field. It prepares the input data and carries out the RISM calculation yielding the atom-atom correlation functions of the biopolymer with water as solvent. From these functions the algorithm finds atomic partial contributions to the hydration free energy using various free energy expressions from integral equation theory. The calculated results are automatically recorded in a database, and become available on the website as tables of partial thermodynamic quantities. In addition, the website displays an interactive 3D model of a given molecule, the atoms of which can be painted in different colors in accordance with their partial contributions to the thermodynamic quantity chosen by the user. The user can interactively choose atoms on this molecule and their correlation functions will be displayed. The aim of our work was to develop and present a publicly-accessible resource on the basis of original software which could be used for scientific and educational purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spin excitations stemming from the metallic phase of the ferrochalcogenide superconductor K0.77Fe1.85Se2 (Tc = 32 K) were mapped out in the ab-plane by means of the time-of-flight neutron spectroscopy. We observed a magnetic resonant mode at , whose energy and in-plane shape are almost identical to those in the related compound Rb0.8Fe1.6Se2. This lets us infer that there is a unique underlying electronic structure of the bulk superconducting phase KxFe2Se2, which is universal for all alkali-metal iron selenide superconductors and stands in contrast to the doping-tunable phase diagrams of the related iron pnictides. Furthermore, the spectral weight of the resonance on the absolute scale, normalized to the volume fraction of the superconducting phase, is several times larger than in optimally doped BaFe2−xCoxAs2. We also found no evidence for any additional low-energy branches of spin excitations away from Qres. Our results provide new input for theoretical models of the spin dynamics in iron-based superconductors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]