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This analysis theoretically investigates the transport phenomena of mixed convection flows in an enclosure of rectangular geometry saturated with a permeable medium filled with an electrically conducting nanofluid. An inclined magnetic field is taken into consideration. Buongiorno's model is utilized to characterize the nanoliquid. The enclosure has adiabatic walls and hot slits. A uniform cold temperature is maintained at the enclosure's lower and upper walls. The enclosure's vertical walls are thermally insulated with hot slits at the center of the walls. This kind of analysis on mixed convective, electrically conducting nanofluid flows in enclosures finds applications in smart nanomaterial processing systems and hybrid electromagnetic nanoliquid fuel cells. The Marker-And-Cell (MAC) method is utilized to solve the transformed nondimension system of governing equations subject to the fitted boundary conditions. The effects of key physical parameters on streamlines, isotherms, iso-concentration contour plots and the heat transmission rate are examined. The simulations demonstrate that the Richardson number has a predominant impact on the thermo-solutal features of nanofluid flow in the rectangular enclosure. Variations in magnetic field and buoyancy ratio parameters exert a notable influence on the iso-concentrations and isotherms. An increase in the Darcy number values exhibits a tendency to magnify the local heat transfer rate. Higher Grashof number values reduce the local Nusselt number profiles. The effect of porous parameter is significant in the streamlines, isotherms and iso-concentrations. Thus, the porous medium can significantly control the transport phenomena in the enclosure. The concentration, temperature and velocity contours are strongly modified by the variations in the Grashof number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The transport phenomena of Casson nanofluid flow between two parallel disks subject to convective boundary conditions are analyzed in this paper. The mathematical model incorporates the impact of thermophoresis and Brownian motion since the Buongiorno's nanoliquid model is adopted to characterize the nanoliquid's transport features. The appropriate similarity transformations are applied to obtain the resulting nondimensional ordinary differential equations from the basic governing equations. The resulting ordinary differential equations and the associated boundary conditions are solved analytically by adopting the homotopy perturbation technique. Further, a statistical experiment is conducted to identify notable flow parameters which cause significant impact on the heat transfer rate. The characteristics of critical pertinent parameters on the flow field are graphically manifested. It is worth noting that the Casson nanofluid velocity escalates by augmenting the magnetic field parameter in the case of injection near the disks. Nanoparticle concentration is considerably diminished with an increment in thermophoresis parameter. In the cases of equal and unequal Biot numbers, the heat transfer rate is promoted with higher values of the Brownian motion parameter. Among the Casson fluid parameter, squeezing parameter and magnetic field parameter, the heat transfer rate discloses the highest positive sensitivity with the lowest value of the Casson fluid parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study explores the effects of a first-order slip boundary condition on the magnetohydrodynamic flow and heat transfer in a Casson-based hybrid nanofluid containing copper oxide (CuO) and graphite oxide (GO) nanoparticles in methanol (CH 3 OH) . To address the critical need in advanced cooling and thermal management, the research delves into the complexities of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, and Joule heating. To ensure comprehensive validation and robustness of the findings, we employed both the bvp4c and Keller–Box numerical methods, each chosen for its strengths in different aspects of the model problem. This dual-method approach, detailed in our comparative analysis section, enhances the scientific rigor of our results. Using an effective similarity transformation, complex governing equations are transformed into a manageable set of ordinary differential equations, which are then numerically solved. Our findings reveal that hybrid nanofluids offer enhanced thermal properties and flow adjustability compared to single-nanoparticle fluids, with significant impacts of radiation and magnetic field on the thermal boundary layer. These insights not only advance theoretical knowledge but also have substantial practical applications in fields such as medical sciences, opto- electronics, and energy systems, establishing a new benchmark in fluid dynamics and materials science for thermal management technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fins, referred to as extended surfaces, play a crucial role in enhancing heat transfer across various industrial sectors. They achieve this by increasing the surface area available for convective heat transfer. These widespread applications span fields such as energy production, mechanical engineering, surface studies, heat recovery processes, and chemical engineering. The broad utility of fins has prompted researchers to enhance their precision through diverse methods, including numerical, experimental, and analytical approaches. Motivated by these practical applications, this study undertakes a theoretical investigation to analyze the effects of varying fin heights on the behavior of a hybrid hydromagnetic nanofluid within a porous square enclosure. The study explores three distinct cases. In the first case, fixed-height heat fins are attached to the upper and lower walls. In the second case, the fin attached to the upper wall remains static, while those on the lower wall are extended from 0.25L to 0.5L. Conversely, the third case involves extending the height of the upper fin from 0.25L to 0.5L. The in-house MATLAB code, coupled with a finite difference method, is employed to solve the governing equations, and its reliability is confirmed through comparison with prior publications. Thorough numerical simulations are conducted, encompassing control parameters such as thermal radiation, Rayleigh number, nanoparticle volume fraction, Hartmann number, heat generation/absorption, and Darcy number. The numerical results are visually presented through streamlines, isotherms, and average Nusselt number plots, elucidating the impact of these parameters across a range of scenarios. It is noticed that case 3 exposes a 96.06% higher heat transfer rate than case 2 with higher values of volume fraction and Rayleigh number. In all three cases, the Rayleigh number and Hartmann number cause a reduction in the entropy generation. For a higher Rayleigh number, employing a hybrid nanofluid containing a volume fraction of 5% causes a 110.41% reduction in heat transfer for the case involving bottom fin height compared to case 1. Similarly, extending the top fin leads to a heat transfer reduction of 100.41%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aged Garlic Extract Protects Liver and Kidney Cells from Damage Caused by StreptozocinNicotinamide in Rats. Streptozocin-nicotinamide (STZ-NA) is a chemical compound that is used to induce diabetes in rats. It works by damaging the beta cells in the pancreas, which are responsible for producing insulin. Insulin is a hormone that helps the body to use glucose for energy. Aged garlic extract (AGE) is a dietary supplement made from garlic that has been fermented for several weeks or months. It is a rich source of antioxidants, which can help protect cells from damage caused by free radicals. Free radicals are unstable molecules that can react with other molecules in the body, causing damage that can lead to chronic diseases such as cancer, heart disease, and stroke. In this study, rats that were given AGE after being treated with STZ-NA had significantly lower levels of oxidative stress and inflammation in their livers and kidneys than rats that were not given AGE. AGE also helped to improve the function of the beta cells in the pancreas, which led to lower blood sugar levels. These findings suggest that AGE may be a potential treatment for diabetic complications by protecting cells from damage caused by oxidative stress. However, more research is needed to confirm these findings and to determine the optimal dose and duration of AGE treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A numerical investigation of hydromagnetic mixed convective heat transfer and fluid flow in a porous rectangular enclosure filled with water and kerosene-based ferro-nanofluids is presented in this study. This research incorporates nanoscale ferromagnetic cobalt particles. The right wall is adiabatic, the top and bottom walls are cold, and a hot slit is positioned in the centre of the left adiabatic wall. The dimensionless governing equations are numerically solved using the Marker-And-Cell (MAC) technique. The effects of uniform inclined magnetic field, inclination angle of the cavity, and internal heat generation/absorption are investigated. The effects of various relevant parameters such as Richardson number (Ri), Reynolds number (Re), Darcy number (Da), Hartmann number (Ha), internal heat generation/absorption coefficient (Q), magnetic field's inclination angle (∅) and cavity's inclination angle (ω) on the streamlines, isotherms, and local and average heat transfer rates have been graphically displayed. Spherical and non-spherical nanoparticles such as blades, platelets, cylinders, and bricks are dispersed in base fluids to study the fluid flow and heat transfer inside the enclosure, and the findings are visualized. Heat transmission improves with porous medium permeability, nanoparticles' volume fraction, magnetic flux, and heat absorption/generation impacts. Compared to water, kerosene improves the mean heat transfer rate by 71 % when 5 % cobalt ferro-nanoparticles are added to the base fluid. Compared to the cobalt-water ferro-nanofluid which is prepared by suspending the spherical-shaped cobalt nanoparticles, the ferro-nanofluid prepared by suspending the blade-shaped cobalt nanoparticles increase the mean heat transmission rate by 16.47 % . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In engineering and industrial process, the primary focus is on heat transfer developments. Numerous techniques are adopted to enhance the heat transfer by suspending nano-size materials in traditional liquids which are received significant attention. Motivated by this, the present study aims to demonstrate the Lorentz force impact on the radiative aluminum oxide–silicon dioxide–water hybrid nanoliquid flow inside an enclosure. A two-phase flow model is used to discuss the base fluid and nanoparticle characteristics inside a cavity. The energy and momentum equations subject to the limiting conditions are dimensionalized by applying suitable non-dimensional quantities. The marker and cell finite-difference approach is applied to solve the transformed dimensionless constitutive equations of the present analysis. The present results find good accordance with the earlier literature results, which confirms that the adopted scheme is precise. Results indicate that the rate of heat transfer minutely magnifies when the volume fraction is magnified. The magnifications in the heat source parameter have the tendency to amplify the heat transfer rate. Higher values of the nanoparticle volume fraction result in a larger Nusselt number proportional to the heat transfer. More so, as the values of the heat generation parameter increase, the rate of heat transfer increases. Higher thermal radiation intensities cause higher energy transmission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Internet of Things (IoT) has altered the world in the last few years due to its capacity to impact almost every part of life. However, IoT raises concerns about data security and privacy because it collects data from devices via the cloud, increasing its vulnerability to hacking. IoT security is a serious issue that has delayed its widespread adoption. Several security and privacy solutions have been proposed for IoT contexts that meet prevalent security criteria such as authentication, integrity, and secrecy. However, due to resource restrictions and heterogeneous IoT devices, present solutions are unable to address the security requirements of the approaching large-scale IoT paradigm. Blockchain, well known for bitcoin and Ethereum, provides an intriguing approach for IoT security. The IoT and blockchain technologies may be combined and significant improvements in distributed systems have been made as a result of the widespread use of IoT technology. A novel framework with a unique design was proposed to improve security in bitcoin transaction by combining blockchain and SHA-256 hash algorithm. Additionally, the performance of proposed framework is compared with the state-of-the-art algorithms like MD5 and SHA1 in term of encryption time, power consumption, latency, speed and security. It is observed that the proposed framework takes 12 ms lesser latency than MD5 and consumes 2.7Wh lesser power consumption than SHA1 and provides better security than both the techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research explores the use of iron oxide nanoparticles to enhance the thermal properties of fluids like water and ethylene glycol. These nanoparticles find applications in engineering and medicine, including wastewater treatment and coatings. The study investigates magnetic nanoparticle movement in a permeable enclosure, considering heat, magnetic field, and electromagnetic effects. Using the MAC method, dimensionless equations were solved, and results were presented through graphs, charts, and tables. Findings show nanoparticle volume significantly impacts heat transfer in nanofluids compared to base fluids. Increasing nanoparticle volume from 0 to 0.05 improved nanofluid heat transfer by 0.278% and base fluid by 0.303%. Heat absorption and generation improved nanofluid transfer by 15.819% and base fluid by 0.596%. Nusselt number increased with higher Eckert number and heat source/sink parameters in both nanofluids and base fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The characteristics of the mixed convection nanofluid flow inside a square enclosure saturated with porous medium are numerically investigated. The present analysis incorporates the impact of chemical reaction, Joule heating (Ohmic heating), magnetic field, and viscous dissipation. The horizontal walls of the cavity are considered as adiabatic walls. The right and left walls of the cavity are considered as cold and hot walls, respectively. The Buongiorno mathematical model is adopted to characterize the nanoliquid, and the impact of thermophoresis and Brownian motion is accounted in the present model. The equations in the non-dimensional form are solved by using the Marker-And-Cell (MAC) technique, and the outcomes are illustrated graphically. The results conclude that the magnitude of the streamline profiles decreases as the Hartmann number rises. The free convection is more dominant than forced and mixed convections. The growing values of chemical reaction parameter slightly increase the fluid flow and having a significant change in the mass transfer profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Today's datasets are usually very large with many features and making analysis on such datasets is really a tedious task. Especially when performing classification, selecting attributes that are salient for the process is a brainstorming task. It is more difficult when there are many class labels for the target class attribute and hence many researchers have introduced methods to select features for performing classification on multi-class attributes. The process becomes more tedious when the attribute values are imbalanced for which researchers have contributed many methods. But, there is no sufficient research to handle extreme imbalance and feature selection together and hence this paper aims to bridge this gap. Here Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), an efficient evolutionary algorithm is used to handle imbalanced dataset and feature selection process is also enhanced with the required functionalities. First, Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization is used to transform the imbalanced datasets into balanced one and then another version of Multi-objective Particle Swarm Optimization is used to select the significant features. The proposed methodology is applied on eight multi-class extremely imbalanced datasets and the experimental results are found to be better than other existing methods in terms of classification accuracy, G mean, F measure. The results validated by using Friedman test also confirm that the proposed methodology effectively balances the dataset with less number of features than other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current study was designed to evaluate the therapeutic efficacy of Zingiberene (ZB) against high-fat-diet (HFD)–induced obesity and its associated non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). NAFLD model was developed in rats by supplementation of HFD (20 g daily) initially for 15 weeks and 16th week onwards treated with ZB (50 mg/kg BW) for the period of 45 days. We evaluated the effects of ZB on glucose homeostasis, lipid profiles in both blood and tissue, and lipogenesis along with oxidative stress markers in liver. HFD supplementation significantly caused hyperglycemia, and hyperinsulinemia and insulin resistance thereby altered both circulatory and tissue lipids. At the same time, lipogenesis and oxidative stress in liver was noted in obese rats. On the other hand, supplementation of ZB (50 mg/kg BW) to obese rats successfully attenuated hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hyperlipidemia in both blood and liver. ZB also regulated the activities of lipid metabolic marker enzymes (carnitine palmitoyl transferase, acetyl-CoA carboxylase, fatty acid synthase, and HMG CoA reductase) and suppressed oxidative stress via enhancement of activities of SOD, catalase, and GPx along with GSH content elevation in the liver. In conclusion, this study suggests that ZB supplementation might ameliorate the obesity-associated NAFLD via attenuation of elevated lipogenesis and oxidative stress in liver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This numerical study is conducted to scrutinize the dual solutions and stability analysis of the flow of Casson nanofluid past a permeable extending/contracting wedge and stagnation point. Momentum, heat and mass transfer behaviors of the Casson nanofluid have been modeled with the use of the Buongiorno nanofluid model. Suitable self-similarity variables are employed to convert the fluid transport equations into ordinary differential equations and the bvp4c MATLAB solver is used to solve the equations. The impacts of active parameters on fluid transport properties are illustrated graphically. The outcomes of the present analysis reveal that the influence of Casson fluid parameter on velocity and temperature distributions obtained from the first and second solutions exhibit the opposite natures. From the stability analysis, it is found that the thermophoresis and Brownian motion effects acquire the same critical point value on Nusselt number. The temperature distribution of the Casson nanofluid is higher over the wedge than stagnation point. The two solutions are found for the limited range of extending/contracting parameter. The detailed stability test is carried out to determine which of the two solutions is physically realizable and stable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aims at examining the thermophoresis and Brownian motion characteristics on the stagnation point flow of Cross nanofluid over a permeable stretching/contracting surface. Flow equations are modelled by means of the Buongiorno nanofluid model. The transformed non-linear fluid transport equations are solved numerically through Runge-Kutta Fehlberg (RKF) approach. The temporal stability test is executed to reveal the behaviour of dual solution that arises for various initial guesses. To validate the present model, first and second solutions are compared with earlier published works which found good agreement. The fluctuations of velocity, heat and mass transfer distributions are scrutinized through the graphs with active parameters such as Wessienburg number, Brownian motion, Eckert number, and thermophoresis. The results exposed that the Brownian motion declines the rate of heat transfer for the first solution. Cross nanofluid velocity amplifies by rising Weissenberg number. By the impact of Eckert number, the second solution has a higher magnitude than the first solution. For the first solution, the cross nanofluid velocity rises when increasing the suction/injection parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Exploring the movement of blood in a blood vessel has been fascinated by clinicians and biomedical researchers because it is predominant in cell tissue engineering, drug targeting and various treatments like hypothermia, hyperthermia, and cancer. It is noticed that numerous non-Newtonian rheological fluids like Carreau fluid, tangent hyperbolic fluid, Eyring–Powell fluid and viscoelastic fluid manifest the characteristics of blood flow. Further, the investigation of entropy generation can be used to raise the performance of medical equipments. Consequently, the present mathematical model scrutinizes the transport characteristics and entropy generation of the peristaltic Eyring–Powell nanofluid in a permeable vertical divergent channel in the presence of dissipation and linear radiation. The non-similar variables are employed to convert the dimensional partial differential equations into dimensionless form which are tackled by the Homotopy perturbation method. The impacts of emerging parameters like Eyring–Powell parameters, left and right wall amplitudes, thermophoresis, mean flow rate, radiation, permeability parameter, Brownian motion, Eckert number, Hartman number on Eyring–Powell nanofluid axial velocity, temperature, and concentration are manifested. Present results disclose that the thermal Grashof number highly inflates the pressure rise. Eyring–Powell nanofluid temperature reduces for uplifting the linear radiation parameter. Growing values of the non-uniform parameter lead to move the trapping bolus towards the left and right wall. The total entropy generation diminishes for magnifying the temperature difference parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evaluating the entropy generation is essential in thermal systems to avoid the unnecessarily wasted thermal energy during the thermal processes. Nowadays, researchers are greatly fascinated to scrutinize the entropy generation in a human system because it is utilized as a thermodynamic approach to understand the heat transfer characteristics of cancer systems or wounded tissue and their accessibility status. Further, numerous nanoparticles have been employed as an agent to control the heat transfer of blood and wounded tissue. As a result, the present model manifests the entropy generation, flow characteristics and heat transport of Ag/Fe 3 O 4 -blood flow of a nanofluid in a permeable circular tube with the influence of variable electrical conductivity and linear radiation. Nonlinear transport equations are converted into ordinary differential equations by suitable similarity variables which are solved with weighted residual method. Significant parameters like Reynolds number, dimensionless permeability parameter, extending/contracting parameter, Eckert number and Hartmann number on the radial pressure, axial velocity, radial velocity and temperature are explored through graphs. The obtained results show that temperature distribution of Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles is higher than Ag nanoparticle, in case of suction. The dimensionless permeability parameter has an opposite nature on the radial pressure for the suction and injection cases. Growing values of Hartmann number enhance the total entropy generation for the cases of suction and injection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analysis of entropy generation has received notable attention in the study of nanofluids because the prime objective of nanofluids is to admit high heat fluxes. The entropy production can be utilized to generate the entropy in any irreversible heat transfer process which is important in thermal machines. This work presents to explore the fluid transport characteristics and entropy generation of a tangent hyperbolic nanofluid over a horizontal circular cylinder with the influence of nonlinear Boussinesq approximation. The dimensionless nonlinear partial differential equations have been solved by using an implicit finite difference Keller box scheme. The impacts of active parameters on the flow field like Weissenberg number, power-law index, magnetic field, mixed convection, Brownian motion, thermal convention, thermophoresis and radiation are illustrated with graphs and tables. The current results exposed that the nanofluid velocity enhances for enhancing the mixed convection parameter. Isotherms thickness is escalated with increasing values of radiation parameter. Total entropy generation rises for higher values of dimensionless temperature ratio parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biomedical engineers, medical scientists, and clinicians are expressing a notable interest in the measurement of blood flow rate because it is used to detect cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and arrhythmia. Several researchers have adopted various non-Newtonian fluid models to investigate blood flow in the circulatory system. Because many non-Newtonian fluid models like Herschel Buckley, Powell-Eyring fluid, tangent hyperbolic fluid, and Williamson fluid exhibit the characteristics of blood. The tangent hyperbolic fluid model expresses the rheological characteristics of blood more accurately due to its shear-thinner properties. This work is performed to express the significance of the induced magnetic field and gyrotactic microorganisms on the flow of tangent hyperbolic nanofluid over a plate, wedge and stagnation point of the plate. Suitable self-similarity variables are employed to convert the fluid transport equations into ordinary differential equations which have been solved with the use of the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg (RKF) approach. The impacts of active parameters on transport properties of the fluid are illustrated with graphs and tables. The growing magnetic parameter lessens the blood nanofluid velocity over three geometries. Blood nanofluid has a higher heat transfer rate over a stagnation point compared with other two geometries. Blood nanofluid temperature augments for uplifting the thermophoresis parameter. Peclet number shows a high impact on microorganisms density in a blood nanofluid. This exploration can provide a clear view regarding the heat and mass transfer behavior of blood flow in a circulatory system and various hyperthermia treatments like treatment of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work deals with the numerical study of two-dimensional incompressible, magnetohydrodynamic Falkner-Skan flow of Carreau nanofluid over wedge, plate and stagnation of the flat plate with convective boundary condition and chemical reaction. The influence of thermophoresis and Brownian motion are taken into account. Similarity transformations are utilized to transform the governing equations into a system of non-linear ordinary differential equations and solved numerically using Runge–Kutta Fehlberg scheme. A comparison has been made with the published results which reveals a good agreement. The influence of different physical parameters on flow, temperature and nanoparticle concentration distributions have been discussed in detail. A constitutional analysis has been made for skin friction coefficient, heat and mass transfer rates. Results elucidate that the influence of magnetic parameter on velocity is high over flat plate compared with wedge and stagnation point of the flat plate. Heat transfer performance is higher on shear thinning fluid compared with shear thickening fluid. Further, an increase in Brownian motion decreases the heat transfer rate but enhances the mass transfer rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Present attempt reports the characteristics of nonlinear radiation and induced magnetic field on the forced convective Falkner-Skan flow of Single-Walled Carbon NanoHorn(SWCNH)/diamond-ethylene glycol (EG) and water nanofluid over a wedge, plate, and stagnation point. We consider 40:60 EG and water mixture as base fluid. Similarity transformations are utilized to transform the governing equations into ordinary differential equation and solved numerically using Runge–Kutta (RK) Fehlberg method. To check the accuracy of present model, numerical results for various Prandtl numbers have been compared with the results from the literature which divulges good agreement. Influence of active parameters like magnetic Prandtl number, magnetic parameter, radiation parameter, Biot number, Prandtl number and temperature parameter are graphically presented. Results exhibit that SWCNH nanoparticle has a higher heat transfer compared with diamond nanoparticle. Increasing the nanoparticle volume fraction with the suspensions of SWCNH and diamond nanoparticles enhances the temperature over the wedge, plate and stagnation point. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A numerical investigation has been carried out for coupled partial differential equations which describe varying fluid properties on unsteady, free convective chemically reacting fluid flow on a moving vertical cone and flat plate. The computations for flow, heat, and mass transport in presence of thermal radiation, viscous dissipation, Soret and Dufour effects are carried out using Crank-Nicolson scheme. The influence of active parameters on transport properties of the fluid is displayed in form of graphs and tables. The results elucidate that the consideration of variable fluid properties has a significant influence on the flow, heat and mass transfer characteristics. Strengthening the Casson fluid parameter tends to decelerate the fluid velocity and escalate the local skin friction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drug-loading on magnetic nanoparticles coated with biocompatible polymers are intriguing nanostructures for targeted delivery of anticancer drugs with the application of a magnetic field. In this paper, we report the preparation of SmFeO3 nanoparticles and loading of the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil on the carrier by forming host-guest complex with β-cyclodextrin. The material and the polymer are characterized using IR and EDX spectroscopic techniques. The nanocarrier formulation shows an enhanced loading and release of the drug. The size and the magnetic properties of the nanoparticles are suitable for cancer drug targeting, i.e., around 50 nm, and the particles show a superparamagnetic behavior. In vitro cytotoxicity studies reveal that the loaded 5-fluorouracil retains its potency and the drug-loaded nanocarrier shows better anticancer activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to provide an insight into the influence of gyrotactic microorganisms and Hall effect on the boundary layer flow of 29 nm CuO-water mixture on the upper pointed surface of a rocket, over the bonnet of a car and upper pointed surface of an aircraft. This is true since all these objects are examples of an object with variable thickness.Design/methodology/approach The simplification of Rosseland approximation (Taylor series expansion of T4 about T∞) is avoided; thus, two different parameters relating to the study of nonlinear thermal radiation are obtained. The governing equation is non-dimensionalized, parameterized and solved numerically.Findings Maximum vertical and horizontal velocities of the 29 nm CuO-water nanofluid flow is guaranteed at a small value of Peclet number and large value of buoyancy parameter depending on the temperature difference. When the magnitude of thickness parameter χ is small, cross-flow velocity decreases with the velocity index and the opposite effect is observed when the magnitude of χ is large.Originality/value Directly or indirectly, the importance of the fluid flow which contains 29 nm CuO nanoparticle, water, and gyrotactic microorganisms in the presence of Hall current has been pointed out as an open question in the literature due to its relevance in imaging, ophthalmological and translational medicine informatics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Dynamics of blood containing gold nanoparticles on a syringe and other objects with a nonuniform thickness is of importance to experts in the industry. This study presents the significance of partial slip (i.e. combination of linear stretching and velocity gradient) and buoyancy on the boundary layer flow of blood‐gold Carreau nanofluid over an upper horizontal surface of a paraboloid of revolution (uhspr). In this report, the viscosity of the Carreau fluid corresponding to an infinite shear‐rate is assumed as zero, meanwhile, the viscosity corresponding to zero shear‐rate, density, thermal conductivity, and heat capacity were assumed to vary with the volume fraction of nanoparticles. The governing equation that models the transport phenomenon were non‐dimensionalized and parameterized using suitable similarity variables and solved numerically using classical Runge–Kutta method with shooting techniques and MATLAB bvp4c package for validation. The results show that temperature distribution across the flow decreases more significantly with buoyancy‐related parameter when the influence of partial slip was maximized. Maximum velocity of the flow is ascertained at larger values of partial slip and buoyancy parameters. At smaller values of Deborah number and large values of volume fraction, maximum local skin friction coefficient, and local heat transfer rate are ascertained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

When preparing large databases, obtaining quality data for analysis without any missing values is almost impossible in many cases. Integration of raw data from multiple heterogeneous sources often results in some values missing leading to loss of valuable information. Even though many methods have been introduced by researchers, only less effort has been spent on handling missing values in heterogeneous attributes (both discrete and continuous) under Missing At Random pattern, the common scenario where missing values have dependency on covariates in the dataset. Also, only few techniques are capable of dealing with missing values in large databases and this demands immediate attention of researchers. This paper addresses both these problems by introducing a single technique called Bayesian Ant colony Optimization (BACO) which combines the searching capability of Ant Colony Optimization with probabilistic nature of Bayesian principles. The algorithm is designed in such a way that missing values in both discrete and continuous attributes in large datasets are efficiently imputed. BACO is implemented in six large real datasets, and it is observed that its imputation accuracy outperforms than that of existing standard techniques. The statistical tests conducted also prove the superior results of BACO in the imputation process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surveys are mainly conducted to obtain valuable information on some criteria from a specified population. But, the survey results often become biased due to non-response of the subjects under study for highly significant attributes. Such non-ignorable missingness need to be treated and the actual values should be retrieved. Many methods have already been proposed for handling missing values in either discrete or continuous attributes. But, there exists a large gap in handling non-ignorable missing values in datasets with mixed attributes. With the intent of addressing this gap, this paper proposes a methodology called as Bayesian Genetic Algorithm (BAGEL) with hybridized Bayesian and Genetic Algorithm principles. In BAGEL, the initial population is generated using Bayesian model and fitness values of the chromosomes are evaluated using Bayesian principles. BAGEL is implemented in real datasets for imputing both discrete and continuous missing values and the imputation accuracy is observed. The experimental results show the superior performance of BAGEL than other standard imputation techniques. Statistical tests conducted to validate the experimental results also prove that BAGEL outperforms at all missing rates from 5% to 50%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation deals with the study of unsteady, free convective Casson fluid flow over a vertical cone saturated with porous medium in the presence of non-uniform heat source/sink, high order chemical reaction and cross diffusion effects. The numerical computation for the governing equations has been performed using an implicit finite difference method of Crank-Nicolson type. The influence of various physical parameters on velocity, temperature and concentration distributions is illustrated graphically and the physical aspects are discussed in detail. Results indicate that temperature dependent heat source/sink plays a vital role on controlling the heat transfer however the surface-dependent heat source/sink also has notable influence on the heat transfer characteristics. It is to be noted that high order chemical reaction has the tendency to dilute the influence of chemical reaction parameter on the species concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time series datasets often suffer from the problem of non-ignorable incompleteness which needs careful attention. Even though researchers introduced many methods to handle the missing values, extra effort is needed in searching suitable method for discrete and continuous attributes. This paper proposes a new mechanism called as Bayesian Genetic Algorithm (BAGEL) which is capable of handling missing values in both continuous and discrete attributes in time series datasets using Bayesian analysis and Genetic Algorithms. In BAGEL, Bayesian principles are used to model the data and Genetic Algorithm is used to search the most accurate value that can be estimated from the available data. The method is applied to impute the missing values at different missing rates and the results produced are found to be more accurate when compared with existing methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we analyze the problem of steady, mixed convective, laminar flow of two incompressible, electrically conducting and heat absorbing immiscible fluids in a vertical porous channel filled with viscoelastic fluid in one region and viscous fluid in the other region. A uniform magnetic field is applied in the transverse direction, the fluids rise in the channel driven by thermal buoyancy forces associated with thermal radiation. The equations are modeled using the fully developed flow conditions. An exact solution is obtained for the velocity, temperature, skin friction and Nusselt number distributions. The physical interpretation to these expressions is examined through graphs and table for the shear stress and rate of heat transfer coefficients at the channel walls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine if adequate anaesthesia and akinesia could be obtained using an inferonasal quadrant sub-Tenons anaesthesia for cataract surgery. Methods: The sub-Tenons method of local anaesthesia was used in 50 patients undergoing extracapsular cataract extraction and lens implantation. The technique followed was that described by JD Stevens in his study of 50 patients. Posterior sub-Tenons space was approached through a conjunctival incision in the inferonasal quadrant and the anaesthetic solution delivered by an irrigating cannula. The patients were assessed for residual ocular movements just before surgery. Effectiveness of anaesthesia was assessed during surgery using a verbal pain rating score. Scoring was based on the concept of a visual analogue pain score chart. Results: Total akinesia was obtained in 20% patients and total anaesthesia in 24% patients. The remainder of the patients had adequate akinesia and anaesthesia to proceed with and complete the surgery. Conclusion: This method provides satisfactory anaesthesia for cataract surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focuses on the use of anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor-α therapy for refractory posterior uveitis. Role of tumour necrosis factor in the pathogenesis of inflammation; Success of anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor-α therapies in modulating other autoimmune diseases; Administration for the anti-Tumour Necrosis Factor-α.

The influence of Fluorescein in conjunction with calcium oxide on the corrosion of Aluminium in 1.0 N NaOH was studied by galvanostatic studies and weight loss studies. It has been found that the inhibition of corrosion of aluminium increased with the increasing concentration of the inhibitor. The maximum inhibition efficiency of fluorescein alone was found to be 30.80%. However, the addition of calcium oxide increased the maximum inhibition efficiency to 53.71%. The corrosion process was found to be under the anodic control, in the presence or in the absence of inhibitor. The inhibition was found to be mixed type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic algorithms are commonly used in many types of applications. Yet they suffer from longer execution time and premature convergence. To improve both these factors, the research work proposes two new procedural modifications in the basic genetic algorithm procedure and a new population initialization mechanism. The proposed algorithms are implemented in two types of real world problems of different sizes and the results confirm the superiority of the algorithms over existing ones both in terms of execution time and optimality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A letter to the editor is presented in response to the article "Intravitreal bevacizumab for macular oedema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion: more data required," by Dr. K. Gündüz and Dr. S. J. Bakri .

The article reports on the case of a 61 year old male suspected to have papilloedema. Examination showed a hyperdense appearance within the left optic nerve head after a computed tomography was done and an ocular ultrasonography confirmed optic nerve drusen which may cause optic nerve dysfunction and anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy. It recommends computed tomography as a primary neurological imaging technique in diagnosing papilloedema.