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The shingled module has become an attractive interconnection architecture for its higher packing density and superior power generation. However, with longer string lengths and smaller cell areas, these modules are particularly susceptible to developing hotspots from shading elements. In this paper, a framework for the design of hotspot‐ and shading‐resistant shingled modules is presented. An electrothermal model is developed and validated extensively through specially fabricated shingled modules that allow for string‐level measurement and analysis. To investigate the relative influence of cell electrical characteristics on power loss and hotspot temperature, we perform a stochastic Monte Carlo simulation which reveals a greater sensitivity to parameters associated with the shaded cell's leakage current. A further study on cells with illumination‐dependent Jleakage shows the detriment of this light‐induced effect where higher hotspot temperatures can develop. Module‐level parameters are also investigated where string length, number of parallel strings, and cell fraction are studied in relation to their impact on module power and hotspot response. Finally, these findings are condensed into a design matrix which defines the space in which module manufacturers may configure shingled modules such that hotspots will not exceed a set threshold temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

T-Cell Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase (TCPTP, PTPN2) is a non-receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase that is ubiquitously expressed in human cells. TCPTP is a critical component of a variety of key signaling pathways that are directly associated with the formation of cancer and inflammation. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanism of TCPTP activation and regulation is essential for the development of TCPTP therapeutics. Under basal conditions, TCPTP is largely inactive, although how this is achieved is poorly understood. By combining biomolecular nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, small-angle X-ray scattering, and chemical cross-linking coupled with mass spectrometry, we show that the C-terminal intrinsically disordered tail of TCPTP functions as an intramolecular autoinhibitory element that controls the TCPTP catalytic activity. Activation of TCPTP is achieved by cellular competition, i.e., the intrinsically disordered cytosolic tail of Integrin-α1 displaces the TCPTP autoinhibitory tail, allowing for the full activation of TCPTP. This work not only defines the mechanism by which TCPTP is regulated but also reveals that the intrinsically disordered tails of two of the most closely related PTPs (PTP1B and TCPTP) autoregulate the activity of their cognate PTPs via completely different mechanisms. TCPTP is a non-receptor type protein tyrosine phosphatase involved in various signalling pathways. Here, the authors provide structural insights into TCPTP activation, showing that TCPTP is inhibited by its C-terminal tail, which can be displaced by the cytosolic tail of integrin-α1, leading to activation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Adverse drug reactions (ADRs) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality, and the leading cause of hospital admission. An active pharmacovilgilance program is the need of the hour in all hospitals especially in Indian setup, as ADRs cause a significant burden to the patients and also to the economy. Aims:The present study aims are to monitor and assess adverse drug reactions in patients diagnosed with Parkinsonism disease. Material and Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted in department of pharmacology in association with department of neuromedicine. Total number patients included in the study were 150 Parkinsonism patients. Duration of study was 01 years. Parkinsonism patients were analyzed types of ADR, side effects and anti-parkinsonism drugs Results: A prospective, observational study was conducted in department of pharmacology in association with department of neuromedicine. Majority of the patients were male age group between 50 to 59 years there were 58 in males and 18 in females. Parkinsonism patients symptoms observed at the time of enrolment in the study majority of the patients having Bradykinesia 24.70% followed by Rigidity 22.35%, postural instability 16.47%, hypomania 14.11%, pain 10.58%, GI disturbances 4.70% and mood disturbances 7.05%. There are different types of ADRs but in our study we observed only three types of ADRs majority of ADR observed was type A 62.00% followed by type B 29.33% and type C 8.66%. Parkinsonism patients were prescribed with Antiparkinsonian drugs shows ADRs, in our study we observed total of 167 ADRs majority of ADRs observed was Dizziness 28.44%, followed by Dry mouth 21.55%, Dyskinesia 13.17% Akathisia & sedation 7.18%, Anorexia, Nausea & Fatigue 5.98 % and constipation 3.59%. drugs as per our study majority of Antiparkinsonian prescribed to the patients was combination of levodopa/carbidopa 76 patients followed by pramipexole 38 patients, Trihexyphenidyl 26 patients and amantadine 10 patients. Total of 150 parkinsonism patients. Conclusion:Antiparkinsonian drugs used for the treatment of Parkinsonism. As per the study majority of the patients were male in the age group of 50 - 59 having symptoms of Bradykinesia, rigidity and postural instability. Majority of patients prescribed with levodopa/carbidopa, after ADRs monitored Dizziness followed by Dry mouth, Dyskinesia, Akathisia, sedation, Anorexia, Nausea, Fatigue and constipation was observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Differential settlement of footings of reinforced-concrete buildings is expected to have a considerable effect on design forces in various structural components depending on the characteristics of the soil. The differential settlement combined with the soil–structure interaction (SSI) effect during earthquakes may be a significant factor in deciding the structural response especially for structures that have already undergone differential settlement. This is generally ignored in conventional design practice. A four-storeyed building structure is considered for the study. A typical layered soil profile similar to the profile observed in the Ganges basin, India has been considered for investigation. The SSI effect under dynamic conditions has been considered by adopting Gazetas springs at the support of buildings. Twelve earthquake time histories have been considered for bedrock motion. Convoluted bedrock motions considering the soil profile have been adopted as the input motion for the structure. Effects of various earthquake parameters on the seismic response of buildings, considering the differential settlement and the SSI effect under dynamic conditions, have been investigated and presented in dimensionless terms. The results indicate that the differential settlements along with the SSI consideration may be critical in deciding the structural response. This may even render the structure unsafe during earthquakes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims The myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury is almost inevitable since reperfusion is the only established treatment for acute myocardial infarction (AMI). To date there is no effective strategy available for reducing the I/R injury. Our aim was to elucidate the mechanisms underlying myocardial I/R injury and to develop a new strategy for attenuating the damage it causes. Methods and results Using a mouse model established by ligation of left anterior descending artery, we found an increase in activity of protein tyrosine phosphatases (PTPs) in myocardium during I/R. Treating the I/R-mice with a pan-PTP inhibitor phenyl vinyl sulfone attenuated I/R damage, suggesting PTP activation to be harmful in I/R. Through analysing RNAseq data, we showed PTPs being abundantly expressed in mouse myocardium. By exposing primary cardiomyocytes ablated with specific endogenous PTPs by RNAi to hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R), we found a role that PTP-PEST (PTPN12) plays to promote cell death under H/R stress. Auranofin, a drug being used in clinical practice for treating rheumatoid arthritis, may target PTP-PEST thus suppressing its activity. We elucidated the molecular basis for Auranofin-induced inactivation of PTP-PEST by structural studies, and then examined its effect on myocardial I/R injury. In the mice receiving Auranofin before reperfusion, myocardial PTP activity was suppressed, leading to restored phosphorylation of PTP-PEST substrates, including ErbB-2 that maintains the survival signalling of the heart. In line with the inhibition of PTP-PEST activity, the Auranofin-treated I/R-mice had smaller infarct size and better cardiac function. Conclusions PTP-PEST contributes to part of the damages resulting from myocardial I/R. The drug Auranofin, potentially acting through the PTP-PEST-ErbB-2 signalling axis, reduces myocardial I/R injury. Based on this finding, Auranofin could be used in the development of new treatments that manage I/R injury in patients with AMI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rooftop and building-integrated distributed photovoltaic (PV) systems are emerging as key technologies for smart building applications. This paper presents the design methodology, mathematical analysis, simulation study, and experimental validation of a digital twin approach for fault diagnosis. We develop a digital twin that estimates the measurable characteristic outputs of a PV energy conversion unit (PVECU) in real time. The PVECU constitutes a PV source and a source-level power converter. The fault diagnosis is performed by generating and evaluating an error residual vector, which is the difference between the estimated and measured outputs. A PV panel-level power converter prototype is built to demonstrate how the sensing, processing, and actuation capabilities of the converter can enable effective fault diagnosis in real time. The experimental results show detection and identification of ten different faults in the PVECU. The time to fault detection (FD) in the power converter and the electrical sensors is less than 290  $\mu$ s and the identification time is less than 4 ms. The time to FD and identification in the PV panel are less than 80 ms and 1.2 s, respectively. The proposed approach demonstrates higher fault sensitivity than that of existing approaches. It can diagnose a 20% drift in the electrical sensor gains and a 20% shading of a solar cell in the PV panel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes a new optimization approach for the metallization design of solar cells and modules. While previous works have only optimized a maximum of two parameters at a time (which might lead to the loss of the optimal solution), we developed a graphic user interface tool in MATLAB called Photovoltaic Grid Optimizer (PV‐GO) which is able to optimize several parameters in parallel (fingers, busbars, silver pads, and ribbons) with the objectives to enhance the efficiency of the solar cell/module and to reduce the silver consumption. The fabrication cost is subsequently estimated. Two multiobjective optimization algorithms are used: Non‐dominated Sorting Genetic Algorithm II (NSGA‐II) and Multi‐objective Particle Swarm Optimization (MOPSO) as well as a robust condition to ensure that the results are not severely affected by slight changes on the input parameters. The solar cell/module performance is estimated based on the two‐diode model considering the influence of the optimization variables under standard test conditions (STC). To evaluate our methodology, we present the optimization design for industrial Cz‐Si–based p‐type Al‐BSF monofacial and PERT bifacial, full‐cell (15.6 × 15.6 cm2) and half‐cell (15.6 × 7.8 cm2), solar cells and modules. Our methodology provides an optimal design suitable for different market situations that should be considered by the PV manufactures to enhance their electrical performance and reduce their silver consumption, and ultimately improve their profitability. Key findings: • Improved optimization approach for the grid metallization design of solar cells and modules. • Deep analysis on the performance of Al‐BSF monofacial and PERT bifacial technologies. • Comparison on the properties of full‐cells vs half‐cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cervical cytology which is a standard screening tool in developed countries fails as a screening method in low-resource countries due to financial and technical constraints. Objective: To determine the prevalence of pre-malignant lesions of the cervix by VIA and Pap smear test among rural married women and to find out association of socio demographic factors with positive screening test results. Material & Methods: A community based cross-sectional study was carried out among rural married women in the field practice area. A pre-designed questionnaire was administered to collect information from 550 women. Results: The VIA and Pap smear tests were positive among 5.5% and 3.6% study subjects respectively. Pap smear test result presented with pre-cancerous lesions such as atypical squamous cell of undifferentiated significance (ASCUS)16 (2.90%), low grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (LSIL) 2 (0.36%) and high grade squamous intraepithelial lesions (HSIL) 2 (0.36%). The VIA & Pap smear positivity rate was found to be more in the age group of ≥40 years, Hindu, education above intermediate class, joint family and, upper & lower socio-economic status respectively. Conclusion: The prevalence of pre-malignant lesions of the cervix by VIA test was 5.5% while 3.6% pre-malignant lesion was detected by Pap smear method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT We present a new method to characterize bifacial solar cells under standard test conditions (STC). The method considers the bifacial operation of the cell and provides the characteristics for simultaneous front and rear side illumination rather than providing the front and the rear side characteristics separately. The method involves measurements of front side electrical parameters (efficiency, open-circuit voltage, short-circuit current and fill factor) and rear side short-circuit current under STC. Two new parameters are introduced, namely bifacial 1. x efficiency (effective efficiency) and gain-efficiency product, which are calculated from the measured STC parameters. The former provides information related to the cell design considering the bifacial operation, whereas the latter provides the end-use benefits from the modules with bifacial cells for a particular installation. To calculate the bifacial 1. x efficiency and the gain-efficiency product, a one-diode solar cell equivalent circuit is used. Characteristic plots are shown for the newly introduced parameters as a function of rear-side illumination for various example solar cells. A sensitivity analysis is performed to understand the influence of each single-sided STC solar cell parameter on the newly introduced parameters. This sensitivity analysis shows that the fill factor and the rear-to-front current ratio are the most critical parameters for bifacial solar cells. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Perceived health is a subjective assessment of the health and includes so many aspects that are difficult to capture clinically such as incipient disease, disease severity, physiological, psychological reserves and social functions. Aims & Objective: To assess the impact of Diabetes Mellitus, Hypertension, comorbidity and other associated factors on the physical functioning of the patients attending the Outpatient department (OPD), Inpatient department (IPD), Rural Health Training Centre (RHTC) and Urban Health Training Centre (UHTC) of Shri Ram Murti Smarak Institute of Medical Sciences (SRMS,IMS), Bareilly. Methods: Perceived health status of the patients was assessed by the Physical Functioning (PF) dimension of the Physical Component Summary using the 36-item short form health survey (SF-36). Results: The presence of both Diabetes Mellitus and Hypertension was associated with lower Physical Functioning scores compared to those with diabetes and hypertension alone (p > 0.05). Age was inversely related with Physical Functioning scores (p<0.05) but male gender (p<0.000) and higher income (p<0.05) were all associated with higher Physical Functioning scores. There was not so much influence of geographical area on the Physical Functioning scores and the association was found to be insignificant (p>0.05). Conclusions: The presence of Comorbidity was found to have greater impact on Physical Functioning compared to individual disease. The impact of various socio-demographic characteristics on the perceived health status was also evident in the study. However, the results were interpreted in terms of the study's limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Obesity is considered the world's oldest metabolic disorder. It is not a single disease entity, but a syndrome with many causes including combination of genetic, nutritional and sociological factors. The World Health Organization (WHO) considers obesity as ''Insidious, creeping pandemic which is now engulfing the entire world''. Diet and life-style play a significant role both in the development and control of obesity Sthaulya (obesity). In Ayurveda, Acharyas have mentioned about the use of Lekhaniya Vasti to manage the Sthaulya. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy of Lekhaniya Kashaya Vasti in patients of Sthaulya. Materials and Methods: A total of 70 patients of Sthaulya were registered. Further they were divided into 2 groups each having 35 patients. In Group I (Lekhaniya Kashaya Vasti) group out of 35 patients 32 and in Group II (Pathya) group out of 35 patients 33 completed the follow-up. Results: In Group I, mean change was observed in body mass index (P < 0.001), waist hip ratio (P < 0.001). Overweight (P < 0.001), Kshudraswas (breathlessness) (P < 0.001) and Nidraadhikyata (excessive sleep) (P < 0.001) which is statistically significant in comparison with Group II. Conclusion: Trial drug is very good combination for Medoghna activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arterolane, a rapidly acting synthetic trioxolane in combination with piperaquine, exhibits similar safety and efficacy to Coartem for the treatment of patients with uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria in a multicentre clinical trial in Thailand and India.Background. Artemisinin-based combination therapy is the first-line treatment for uncomplicated falciparum malaria. This study assessed the antimalarial efficacy and safety of a combination of 150 mg of arterolane maleate and 750 mg of piperaquine phosphate (AM-PQP) in comparison to Coartem (artemether and lumefantrine) in patients with acute uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria.Methods. In this open-label, randomized, multicentric, parallel group clinical trial, 240 patients were randomized to receive AM-PQP (160 patients) or Coartem (80 patients). Patients with P. falciparum monoinfection and initial parasite densities ranging from 1000 to 100 000 asexual parasites/µL of blood were followed for 28 days. Polymerase chain reaction–corrected adequate clinical and parasitologic response on day 28, parasite clearance time, and fever clearance time were evaluated.Results. A total of 151 (94.4%) of 160 patients in the AM-PQP group completed the trial, while 77 (96.3%) of 80 patients in the Coartem group completed the trial. No treatment failure was noted in the AM-PQP group, while one patient receiving Coartem failed treatment on day 28. There was no difference in the median parasite clearance time (30 hours in both groups) or median fever clearance time (24 hours in both groups) after administration of the 2 study treatments.Conclusions. The available data support the evaluation of a drug combination in a larger population as a fixed-dose combination.Clinical Trials Registration. CTRI/2007/091/000031. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present clinical study, 63 patients of Amavata were registered from the Kayachikitsa out patient department/indoor patient department (OPD/IPD) of Sir Sunder Lal Hospital (Indian Medicine Wing), IMS, BHU, Varanasi-5. In group I (Rasona Pinda), 27 patients completed the study of a total of 33patients registered in the group (six patients dropped out mid--therapy). In group II (control group), 23 patients completed all three follow-ups out of 30 patients (there were seven dropouts in mid--therapy). In group I, complete remission in 29.6%, major improvement in 59.3% and minor improvement in change font so as to appear 11.1% were observed. In group II, complete remission in 13%, major improvement in 21.7%, minor improvement in 39.1% and unchanged in 26.9% of the patients were observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]