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This paper discusses the importance of governance mechanisms for coordinating R&D and innovation (R&D&I) activities through collaborative arrangements within various shared spaces and places. The paper presents three innovation ecosystem cases and discusses how governance mechanisms have been conducted in each case. Furthermore, it presents how the cases utilize shared spaces and places in collaborative R&D&I work. The paper sheds on light what kind of collaboration practices were used in innovation ecosystem cases and also reports the first experiences on the kind of effects that the Covid19 pandemic had on cooperation. The results indicate that well-defined commonly agreed practices and responsibilities on the steering, coordination, and production levels serve the entire multi-actor community and its stakeholders throughout the R&D&I process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Open authentication protocols have become a standard solution to allow interfacing of third-party applications and websites. This paper presents a rationale for the use of secure memory cards with NFC-enabled service. A software application prototype is presented to show how a secure memory card can provide a portable authentication module to access web services. The prototype shows that it is possible to implement secure credential storage on a user-configurable secure memory card that supports an open authentication protocol. It provides protection against copying of the credentials and effectively frees the user from typing the passwords into the mobile device. Although the smart memory card is still a very new platform in mobile devices and not standardized in all aspects, we show that it provides a promising platform that is not bound to a specific operator or manufacturer. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]