Search

The MADGRAPH5 and PYTHIA8 generators are used to simulate measurements of the fractions of quark, gluon, and unidentified jets in collisions at TeV at the LHC. In the region of jet transverse momenta up to 1 TeV, the uncertainties of measurements of the quark and gluon jet fractions is shown not to exceed 0.1% and, for unidentified jets, 0.2%. These estimates do not take into account the uncertainties in the reconstruction of jets in the detector and the theoretical uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biobutanol is one of the types of biofuels produced using microbial synthesis (acetone–butanol–ethanol fermentation). It is possible to increase the level of accumulation of the target product due to metabolic changes in producer cells under the influence of stress factors. For this purpose, the effect of such stress factors as allopurinol, furfural, zinc, and oxygen, as well as glycerol as a nonspecific substrate on the functioning of Clostridium sp. cells, was studied. It was demonstrated that the butanol concentration was the highest (1.2 g/L) as compared with the control (0.6 g/L) when adding 0.5 g/L of furfural to the culture medium. The use of ZnSO4 at a concentration of 0.001 g/L increased the butanol concentration to 1.1 g/L, and the highest butanol concentration (1.3 g/L) was obtained when using glucose and glycerol as carbon sources in a ratio of 1 : 3. The butanol concentration in the culture medium increased to 0.8 g/L with the addition of 0.025 g/L of allopurinol. The possibility of using the above-mentioned stress factors to increase the accumulation of the target product by influencing the metabolic pathways in microorganism cells is substantiated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brain diseases are an unsolved problem of the 21st century. Alzheimer's disease was first described a century ago, and not even a single patient with the diagnosis has been cured since then. Therefore, a search for novel treatment strategies with the application of regulatory agents, such as specific microRNAs, remains urgent. The aim of the study was to determine the effect of miR-101 in a liposomal form on the level of amyloid-β peptide 42 (Aβ42) and the cytokine system in a cell-based model of Alzheimer's disease. The study was based on the use of PCR, ELISA, and fluorescent methods. The use of fluorescein (FAM) has shown that the liposomal form of miR-101 is accumulated in blood mononuclear cells that were pretreated with the Aβ40 aggregates and remains able to function for 2–3 h without being destroyed immediately by nucleases. The exogenous miR-101 does not affect AβPP gene transcription but reduces the formation of the endogenous Aβ42. An indirect anti-inflammatory effect of the liposomal form of miR-101 was established as a decrease in the intracellular level of TNFα and IL-10 after a 12-h incubation with mononuclear cells. However, miR-101 had no effect on the expression of the TNFα and IL-6 genes and delayed the activation peak for the IL-10 gene expression for 9 h. Thus, the liposomal form of miR-101 has shown a direct anti-amyloidogenic effect and an indirect anti-inflammatory effect in the Alzheimer's disease cell-based model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the modern minds of the advanced ecology and safety of food products control, it is relevant the development of antimicrobial biodegradable packaging. The article presents the results of the antagonistic action of nanodispersed titanium dioxide powder (TiO2) at the warehouse of biodegradable packaging for bakery products on the living of microorganisms (Escherichia сoli, Bacillus subtilis, Candida albicans, Aspergillus niger). It is known there are developments on the use of antimicrobial substances of both organic and inorganic origin, the microbiological action of the substances used have an effect on pathogenic, opportunistic, fungi, gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. We found that the introduction of 1% TiO2 r into the molding solution allows to give the package antibacterial properties, as it inhibits the development of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis, as there is a delay in the growth of their colonies compared to the sample without packaging with TiO2. According to the results of provocative testing, biodegradable packaging with a content of 1% TiO2 has an inhibitory effect on Bacillus subtilis. In addition to antimicrobial properties, the package under study must also have barrier properties, so the vapor permeability of the presented package was determined. The study results show that the addition of 1% TiO2 slightly reduces the vapor permeability, but the increase in the concentration 2–5 % of TiO2 causes an increase in vapor permeability from 4.7 to 5.2 mg / (m∙h∙kPa). The vapor permeability of the presented biodegradable antimicrobial packaging is due to the presence of pores, the number and size of which were determined experimentally. Thus, nanodispersed TiO2 in the amount of 1% in the molding solution of the biodegradable coating is an effective antimicrobial component for antimicrobial coatings, which does not impair their barrier properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The condensation of 2-amino-1,3-thiazolium perchlorates and their benzo analogs with trifluoro-acetyl-acetone in acetic acid afforded the corresponding [1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidinium, pyrimido[2,1-b][1,3]benzothiazolium, and naphtho[2′,1′:4,5][1,3]thiazolo[3,2-a]pyrimidinium salts as a single isomer in which the trifluoromethyl group is located in the γ-position with respect to the bridgehead nitrogen atom. The structure of the synthesized compounds was confirmed by 1H NMR spectra and elemental analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to study phylogenetic relationships between the new producer strain Bacillus subtilis IFBG MK-2 and the existing strains and increase the biosynthetic activity of this producer by mutagenesis. As a result of sequencing the 16S rRNA gene of the IFBG MK-2 strain, gene fragments with a total length of 1305 nucleotides have been obtained. Based on the 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequences, a phylogenetic analysis was performed and a dendrogram was constructed using the Neighbor Joining method and the Kimura two-parameter model. It has been shown that the similarity between the sum of the 16S rRNA gene sequenced fragments of the IFBG MK-2 strain and the GenBank-deposited sequence of this gene of the B. subtilis IAM 12118 type strain reaches 99%. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, the IFBG MK-2 strain was identified as B. subtilis. Through induced mutagenesis, using UV radiation and subsequent stepwise selection, a mutant clone B. subtilis IFBG MK-1A providing for a 50% increase in riboflavin production compared with the original strain has been obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

6H-Indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines were synthesized by condensation of isatin and 5-nitroisatin with o-phenylenediamine. The alkylation of the title compounds with dimethyl sulfate gave the corresponding quaternary salts which were converted to perchlorates and oxidized with potassium hexacyanoferrate(III) to previously unknown 5-methyl-6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalin-3-one and its 9-nitro derivative. Treatment of 6H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalin-3-ones with dimethyl sulfate afforded 3-methoxyindoloquinoxalinium salts which were demethylated by the action of hydrobromic acid at 130–140°C. The structure of the isolated compounds was confirmed by IR and NMR spectra and elemental analyses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The review is devoted to the analysis of the current achievements of Corynebacterium glutamicum metabolic engineering for the production of lysine. Key genes of lysine biosynthesis in C. glutamicum and ways of creating new genetically modified strains are considered. The role of different plasmids, vector cassettes, and promoter types for the regulation of gene expression in C. glutamicum is described. Information is provided on the use of carbon-containing substrates (hexose, pentose, lactic acid, mannitol) for the production of lysine. Possibilities of using CRISPR technology in genetic engineering of C. glutamicum are considered. Genetic changes in C. glutamicum allowed the use of alternative substrates and contributed to the increase of lysine accumulation in the culture fluid. The data that may be used for the creation of new lysine overproduction strains are summarized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A microscopic approach for the construction of the kinetic theory of low-temperature hydrogen-like gases in an external electromagnetic field was developed. The approach is based on the formulation of secondary quantization in the presence of bound states of particles. It is suggested that the bound state (for example, a hydrogen-like atom of alkali metal) is formed by two charged fermions of different sorts — the valence electron and the ion core. The reduced description of relaxation processes establishes the basis for the formulation of the kinetic equations. Within the developed theoretical framework, the system of kinetic equations for Wigner's distribution functions of free fermions of both sorts and their bound states, hydrogen-like atoms, is developed accounting for an external and self-consistent (intermediate) fields acting on the system. The obtained equations of motion for Wigner's distribution functions serve as a basis for analyzing non-equilibrium effects and phenomena related to the influence of an external electromagnetic field on low-temperature gases of alkali metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the paper was searching for new 'green' energy sources. The changes in the mechanism and the selectivity of components binding from the enzyme mixture extracted from black radish adsorbed on kaolin and aerosil are demonstrated. The differences in the binding mechanisms of metal-containing sites of enzyme molecules based on the implementation of the spatial separation of enzyme fragments containing Fe, Ni, Cu and Zn-ions are mentioned. The implementation of the charge division forms of heterostructures improves the oxidation activity and stability of the immobilized enzyme mixture and creates conditions for the formation of regions capable for specific adsorption of a charge. The spatially separated binding of enzyme fragments to an inorganic carrier exhibits the stabilizing effect on the formation of the areas capable for charging and accumulating red-ox transformations. Electrochemical methods have shown a possibility for the formation of structures responsible for the accumulation of energy, like a supercapacitor, in the immobilized systems consisting of graphene covered by a natural enzyme bound to an inorganic carrier. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cross sections for the Drell-Yan process at the c.m. collision energy of $$\sqrt s $$ = 13 TeV were calculated, and the results of these calculations are presented. The systematic errors associated with the uncertainties in the quark and gluon distributions and with the choice of scale for factorization and for the running QCD coupling constant are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The results of calculations of uncertainties of the Drell-Yan production cross section at the energy √ s = 13 TeV are presented. Systematic errors related to uncertainties in the quark and gluon distribution functions, the choice of the QCD factorization scale, and the QCD running coupling constant are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the condensation of isatin, N-methyl-, N-propyl-, N-benzoylisatin with 4-methyl-1,2-benzeneldiamine 3-methyl-6 H-indolo[2,3-b]quinoxalines were obtained in high yields. The reaction occurs stereoselectively, in the mixture only one of possible isomers is present. By the oxidation of methyl group of the quinoxaline fragment new carbonyl derivatives were obtained, and by the reduction of nitro group, the corresponding indoloquinoxalinamines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Butanol is an alternative type of fuel. Amid the depletion of the world’s (accessible) petroleum reserves, butanol is considered to be a potential energy source. Although butanol production was initially associated with microbiological synthesis, on an industrial scale, butanol is produced via chemical synthesis. For its production to become economically viable, strains of microorganisms must have a potential for excessive synthesis of butanol. The pathways of butanol synthesis via microorganisms and their regulation, as well as the most promising producer strains for industrial production and methods for increasing their productivity, are discussed in the survey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review presents the main directions and experimental data aimed at searching for active producers of lipids among different species of microorganisms and ways to optimize the lipidogenesis process in the most promising stains. It was shown that enzymatic processes can be directed by maintaining the necessary cultivation conditions. The influence on the growth, development, and biochemical activity of the microbial medium composition and temperature and the aeration and oxidation reduction conditions was considered. Changes in these factors affected the biosynthetic activity of microorganisms and lipidogenic yeasts and the composition of synthesized lipids. The ability of lipidogenic yeasts, as well as the relatively rapid ability of changing the amount and composition of lipids by direct cultivation, leads to the conclusion that lipids obtained by microbial synthesis can be a source of commercial raw materials for biofuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of bis-trifluorsulphonimide as ion-forming additive to study of proteins (lisozyme and insulin) by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization technique was investigated. It has been shown that in the case of lisozyme interaction occurs with anions while in the case of insulin - with cations of ion-forming additive. It has been concluded that interaction between proteins and ion-forming additive has a specific character. Thus, the technique may be proposed as alternative approach to biomolecules investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Absorption and scattering of electromagnetic radiation by thin metal wires in a waveguide are investigated experimentally and theoretically. It is shown that, when the wavelength many times exceeds the diameter of a cylindrical wire, this wire strongly absorbs the radiation and weakly scatters it, and the absorption efficiency factor depends on the wavelength only slightly. This phenomenon can be used for developing radiation absorbers in the meter-wavelength range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Successful implementation of the Russian Federation's national measles elimination program has been ensured by high vaccine coverage (>95%) of the target population (with 2 doses of measles-containing vaccine), case-based laboratory investigation of measles, and active surveillance of measles cases among patients with rashes and/or fever. As a result, the incidence of measles has decreased to<1 case per 1,000,000 population (2007-2009); no circulation of D6 genotype, which was endemic in the Russian Federation, has been observed since the second half of 2007; and the proportion of imported measles cases of different genotypes increased to 19.8% in 2007 from 1% in 2003. To confirm successful elimination of indigenous measles, a documentation system was initiated in the Russian Federation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

model which describes the changes in the transmission of high-power laser pulses by CdHgTe in view of the variations of the optical parameters of the material with temperature is presented. The thermal fields, absorptance profiles, and transmittance of the semiconductor epitaxial structure have been calculated and compared with experimental data obtained for the wavelength of a carbon dioxide laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work we calculate for the first time the density of states of MgB[SUB2] for different tunneling directions by directly solving the two-band Eliashberg equations in the real-axis formulation starting from the first-principle calculation of the interband and intraband electron-phonon spectral functions. This complicated numeric procedure allows preserving the fine structures of the DOS in the phonon energy range. We show that the numeric inversion of the standard single-band Eliashberg equations when applied to the densities of states obtained by the two-band model may lead to artifacts in the extracted electron-phonon spectral function α[SUP2]F(ω). We also suggest that the small DOS structures produced by the two-band interaction at energies between 20 and 100 meV can be observed only at very low temperature in junctions in perfect clean limit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The electronic structure and the superconductivity in field-doped polyacenes are considered. Within a modified Thomas-Fermi approach for typical experimental values of the surface charge density the injected charge is confined to a monolayer. The electronphonon coupling constant for internal modes λ[sub intra] is estimated using the work of Devos and Lanoo (Ref. 4) and the density of states N(0) estimated from a 2D tight-binding model derived from a full potential LDA band structure calculation for bulk anthracene. The empirical values of the Coulomb pseudopotentials are significantly enhanced. The strong Coulomb interaction is considered as a key quantity which determines the large differences in the critical temperatures achieved for n-doped polyacenes and C[sub 60]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]