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The asymmetric structure expands the voltage window of supercapacitors in aqueous electrolyte solutions, thereby significantly increasing energy density. However, exploring high-performance negative electrode materials is of utmost importance, on the premise that positive electrode materials have been extensively developed. This study explores the homogeneous composition of iron oxide and graphene via in situ laser induction on the precursor film of polyimide foam containing Fe3+ ions. 3D interconnected graphene was prepared under laser direct writing, while Fe3+ ions were thermally reduced to obtain iron oxide (Fe3+/Fe2+). By adjusting the concentration of Fe3+ ions in the precursor polyimide foam and laser parameter settings, the Fe3+/Fe2+ ratio was regulated to exhibit optimal electrochemical performance. When employed as a negative electrode material for assessing the electrochemical performance, it displayed a notable area capacitance of 654.3 mF cm2 at a current density of 1 mA cm2. In the assembled aqueous asymmetric supercapacitors, the specific energy density was 33.25 mW h cm2 at a power density of 750 mW cm2 and retained 86.8% of its capacitance even after 10 000 charge-discharge cycles. This method offers a new approach for synthesizing laserinduced multivalent compounds and serves as a reference for efficiently producing negative electrodes of an asymmetric supercapacitor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To define the incidence and risk factors of chyle leak (CL) after radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy and to determine the impact of chyle leak on oncological outcomes. Patients and Methods: A total of 445 patients who underwent radical nephrectomy and thrombectomy between January 2014 and January 2023 were included. CL is defined as the drainage of chyle with a triglyceride level greater than 110mg/dL after oral intake or enteral nutrition. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to identify the risk factors of postoperative (CL). The Kaplan–Meier curves were used to compare overall survival and cancer-specific survival. Results: 44 patients (9.9%) were diagnosed as (CL). All patients developed CL within 6days after the operation with a median time of 3days. In multivariate logistic regression analysis, Mayo grade and side were independent patient-related risk factors. In addition, operation approach, operation time, and number of lymph nodes harvested were independent surgery-related risk factors. Between the CL group and the non-CL group, neither overall survival nor cancer-specific survival showed statistical differences. Conclusion: Based on this retrospective study of renal cell carcinoma and tumor thrombus patients in our center, we found that the risk factors were Mayo grade, side, operation approach, operation time, and number of lymph nodes harvested, and the occurrence of CL significantly prolonged hospital stay, but had no effect on long-term oncological outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: When we treat renal cell carcinoma by laparoscopic nephron-sparing surgery (NSS), it is essential to use an evaluation system to predict clinical outcomes. Hitherto, there are more than a dozen nephrometry score systems. In this study, through assessing the correlations between nephrometry score systems and clinical outcomes, we aim to provide a novel nephrometry score system--the "3S+f" score system--to simplify the evaluation of technical complexity of partial nephrectomy. Methods: We retrospectively collected the data of 131 patients who underwent NSS, which was performed by a single surgeon (SZ) from January 2013 to July 2018 at Peking University Third Hospital. The "3S+f" score system contains four parameters: "size, side, site, and fat", all of which can be obtained from preoperative imaging data. We evaluated the correlations between the "3S+f" score and clinical outcomes, and compared R.E.N.A.L. score and PADUA score. Results: All the three nephrometry score systems were related to some clinical outcomes in univariate analyses. In multivariate regression models, the "3S+f" score, the R.E.N.A.L. score, and the PADUA score were significantly associated with operative time (p = 0.016, p = 0.035, and p = 0.001, respectively) and warm ischemia time (all p = 0.008, p < 0.001, and p < 0.001, respectively). "3S+f" was also significantly related to extubation time > 5 days (p = 0.018). In predicting operative time > 120 min and extubation time >5 days from ROC curves, the AUCs of the "3S+f" score (0.717 and 0.652, respectively) were larger than both the R.E.N.A.L (0.598 and 0.554, respectively) and PADUA (0.600 and 0.542, respectively) score systems. Conclusion: A novel nephrometry score system--the "3S+f" score system--shows equivalent correlation and the ability in predicting clinical outcomes when compared to the R.E.N.A.L. score system and the PADUA score system, which can describe renal tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ideal thermal interface materials (TIMs) can completely fill the interfaces among components to enhance heat transfer between devices and they have emerged as a major strategy to solve heat dissipation problems. However, some micro-scale voids and cavities existing at a device interface can hardly be adequately filled by externally squeezing in the highly elastic thermal interface material, which badly hinders heat transfer. Therefore, the light curing method is a very good path to obtain pre-filled TIMs, which can adequately fill micro-scale voids and cavities and perfectly replicate textures from the interfaces of components. Herein, a kind of polyurethane acrylate (PUA) resin with UV curability and conformal contact flexibility was chosen as a matrix, and an added photoinitiator was excited by UV irradiation to produce active species to trigger polymerization of the active group in the liquid material, thus curing it. By adding copper nanowires (Cu NWs) to bridge the modified hBN, a three-dimensional (3D) heat transfer network is formed to improve the thermal conductivity of the PUA resin. The thermal conductivity of the hBN@PEI-Cu NWs/PUA composites can reach 1.535 W m-1 K-1 at 20 wt% addition of total fillers. Meanwhile, the composites show excellent electrical insulation and good flexibility, and can be stretched, twisted and knotted arbitrarily when used directly, indicating their strong potential in practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Guide wire displacement in spinal pedicle screw implantation was analyzed in order to reduce or avoid the occurrence of this phenomenon and to reduce the complications associated with robot-assisted pedicle screw implantation surgery. Material and methods: From April 2017 to December 2019, a retrospective study was conducted with 398 patients who underwent robot-assisted spinal pedicle screw implantation. The causes of guide wire displacement in 60 punctures were analyzed. Results: There were 2,408 robot-assisted wire punctures of the pedicle, of which 2,348 wire punctures were located well within the pedicle, and 60 wire displacements occurred during robot-assisted wire puncture, with a displacement rate of 2.49%. There was 1 case of thoracic segmental artery injury and 1 case of spinal cord incomplete injury. Conclusions: As it is a rare phenomenon in robot-assisted spinal pedicle screw implantation, guide wire displacement should be avoided as much as possible to improve the accuracy of screw placement and reduce surgical complications during the operation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: There is currently no consensus on the optimal management of de novo unilateral upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC) in renal transplant recipients. We aimed to compare the surgical and oncological outcomes of simultaneous bilateral radical nephroureterectomy (SBRNU) and unilateral radical nephroureterectomy (URNU) to determine the appropriate surgical method. METHODS: Patients who developed de novo UTUC after renal transplantation and underwent surgical treatment at our center were included in the study. Outcomes were compared between the SBRNU group (underwent bilateral RNU within 3 months) and the URNU group using the Mann-Whitney U-test for continuous variables, Pearson's chi-square test for categorical variables, and the log-rank test for survival data. RESULTS: A total of 48 patients were identified, including 21 and 27 patients in the SBRNU and URNU groups, respectively. Comparison of perioperative data showed that the SBRNU group had a significantly longer operative time (P< .001) and hospital stay (P= .040) than the URNU group but no statistically significant difference in the blood loss (P = .171) and morbidity rate (P = .798). After a median follow-up of 65 months, the SBRNU group had a significantly longer disease-free survival (P = .009), longer cancer-specific survival (P= .032), marginally longer overall survival (P = .066), and similar intravesical recurrence-free survival (P = .274) than the URNU group. CONCLUSIONS: Our data suggest that SBRNU contributes to improved survival without significantly compromising the perioperative outcomes compared with URNU. SBRNU can be considered a feasible option for de novo UTUC after renal transplantation in specialized centers. Prospective studies should be conducted to further explore the best treatment options for this group of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: To explore the safety and effectiveness of a modified surgical technique which could shorten the time of renal ischemia in left renal cancer and Mayo level II to IV inferior vena cava (IVC) tumor thrombus.Method: We retrospectively analyzed the clinical data of 14 cases with left renal cell carcinoma (RCC) and Mayo level II to IV IVC tumor thrombus from February 2015 to July 2019. Preoperative imaging showed that there was no obvious sign of tumor thrombus invading the blood vessel wall. During the surgery, after the right renal artery, the right renal vein and the distal end of IVC were blocked, the balloon catheter was used and the tumor thrombus was removed completely from the IVC. The incision of IVC was closed by Satinsky clamp to make IVC partially blocked. Then the right renal artery and right renal vein were released. The incision of IVC was sutured continuously. At last, the Satinsky clamp and the blocking band at the distal end of the IVC were released.Result: There were 8 cases (57.1%) of Mayo level II, 3 cases (21.4%) of Mayo level III and 3 cases (21.4%) of Mayo level IV. The operation was successfully completed in all 14 patients. There were 2 cases (14.3%) operated by complete laparoscopic approach, 8 cases (57.1%) by open approach, and 4 patients (28.6%) by laparoscopic conversion to open approach. The occlusion time of right renal artery and vein (renal ischemia time) was 3 to 15 min, with an average of (6.8 ± 3.2) minutes. The mean time of IVC occlusion was (19.4 ± 4.9) min. Preoperative creatinine was 66 to 130 μmol/L, with an average of (96.6 ± 21.2) μmol/L. One week after operation, serum creatinine was 64 to 632 μmol/L, with an average of (132.4 ± 144.9) μmol/L. Among the 14 cases, 5 (42.9%) had early postoperative complications. Besides one of the 14 patients died in perioperative period, the median follow-up of other 13 cases was 10 months (range: 4-29 months). The 5 (35.7%) of the 14 cases were died of disease.Conclusion: This modified procedure was relatively safe and effective in shortening the time of renal ischemia in left RCC patients with Mayo II to IV IVC tumor thrombus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporotic fracture is one of the most common bone diseases in middle and old age, as the most serious consequence of osteoporosis. Sclerostin single-chain antibody fragments (SCL-scFv) have been proven to promote bone formation by binding to scleroprotein, a natural antagonist of the Wnt pathway, but it is difficult to rule alone due to the weak permeability and immunogenicity. Herein, we prepared poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) microspheres as a sustained-release vehicle to prolong the activity of SCL-scFv. The morphology of microspheres were uniform and nearly sphere, loading efficiency and encapsulation efficiency of SCL-scFv microspheres were 6.28 ± 1.04% and 48.37 ± 8.11%, respectively. Approximately 90% of the SCL-scFvs were released from the microspheres over 28 days with initial burst releasing (38%) in the first 4 days. Sustained-release of active SCL-scFv from microspheres promoted bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells osteogenic differentiation in vitro and enhanced fracture healing in ovariectomized rats by improving bone mass and bone formation in the fracture region. All these findings demonstrate that the microspheres are able to simultaneously achieve localized long-term SCL-scFv controlled release and effectively promote bone formation, which provides a promising approach for osteoporotic fracture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some low-lying electronic states of AlZn have been studied by the ab initio calculation method of multireference configuration interaction (MRCI). The complete potential energy curves (PECs) of the three lowest doublet states (X²π, A²Σ+, and B²π) and the two lowest quartet states (a4Σ- and b4π) are computed in the range of R = 0.1-0.9nm and these states are correlated to three dissociation limits, X²π and A²Σ+ to Zn(4s²,¹S) + Al(3s²3p1,2P), a4Σ- and b4π to Zn(4s²,¹S) + Al(3s¹3p2,4P), and B²π to Zn(4s¹4p1,3P) + Al(3s²3p1,2P). The calculated PECs indicate that the A²Σ+ state has a very shallow potential well and the other states show significant binding-state characteristics. The equilibrium internuclear distances Re, dissociation energies De, and term energies Te for the electronic excited states were obtained. All the possible vibrational levels, rotational constants, and spectral constants for the four bound states were computed by solving the radial Schrödinger equation of nuclear motion with the Level8.0 program provided by Le Roy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The formation of fertility islands by shrubs increases soil resources heterogeneity in thicketization-grasslands. Clonal plants, especially rhizomatous or stoloniferous clonal plants, can form large clonal networks and use heterogeneously distributed resources effectively. In addition, shrubs, especially spiny shrubs, may also provide herbaceous plants with protection from herbivores, acting as 'shelters'. The interaction between pre-dominated clonal herbaceous plants and encroaching shrubs remains unclear in thicketization-grassland under grazing pressure. We hypothesized that clonal herbaceous plants can be facilitated by encroached shrubs as a 'shelter from herbivores' and/or as an 'increased soil resources' under grazing pressure. To test this hypothesis, a total of 60 quadrats were chosen in a thicket-grassland in northern China that was previously dominated by Leymus chinensis and was encroached upon by the spiny leguminous plant Caragana intermedia. The soil and plant traits beneath and outside the shrub canopies were sampled, investigated and contrasted with an enclosure. The soil organic matter, soil total nitrogen and soil water content were significantly higher in the soil beneath the shrub canopies than in the soil outside the canopies. L. chinensis beneath the shrub canopies had significantly higher plant height, single shoot biomass, leaf length and width than outside the shrub canopies. There were no significantly differences between plant growth in enclosure and outside the shrub canopies. These results suggested that under grazing pressure in a grassland undergoing thicketization, the growth of the rhizomatous clonal herbaceous plant L. chinensis was facilitated by the spiny shrub C. intermedia as a 'shelter from herbivores' more than through 'increased soil resources'.We propose that future studies should focus on the community- and ecosystem-level impacts of plant clonality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a significant percentage of subjects, with chronic traumatic brain injury (TBI), who report persisting cognitive impairment and functional loss, the diagnosis is often impeded by the fact that routine neuroimaging often does not reveal any abnormalities. In this paper, we used diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) to investigate the apparently normal white matter (as assessed by routine magnetic resonance imaging) in the brains of 19 subjects with sub-acute (9) and chronic (10) TBI. We also assessed memory, executive function, and visual-motor coordination in these subjects. Using a voxel-wise approach, we investigated if parameters of diffusion were significantly different between TBI subjects and 17 healthy controls (HC), who were demographically matched to the TBI group. We also investigated if changes in DTI parameters were associated with neuropsychological performance in either group. Our results indicate significantly increased mean and axial diffusivity (MD and AD, respectively) values in widespread brain locations in TBI subjects, while controlling for age, sex, and time since injury. HC performed significantly better than the TBI subjects on tests of memory and executive function, indicating the persisting functional loss in chronic TBI. We found no correlation between diffusion parameters and performance on test of executive function in either group. We found negative correlation between FA and composite memory scores, and positive correlation between RD and visuomotor coordination test scores, in various tracts in both groups. Our study suggests that changes in MD and AD can indicate persisting micro-structure abnormalities in normal-appearing white matter in the brains of subjects with chronic TBI. Our results also suggest that FA in major white matter tracts is correlated with memory in health and in disease, alike; larger and longitudinal studies are needed to discern potential differences in these correlations in the two groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The giant coronary artery aneurysm combined with coronary artery fistula is extremely uncommon. In our case, there was a giant aneurysm of the left main coronary artery with fistulous communication to the right atrium, combined with moderate aortic valve regurgitation, which was initially found by transthoracic echocardiogram and subsequently confirmed by the 256-slice multidetector computer tomography (MDCT) coronary angiography. After consultation, the patient received surgical treatment, including the closure of the drainage and origin sites of the aneurysm and the aortic valve replacement. The patient recovered uneventfully. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surface-modification at the interface between inorganic surfaces and organic molecules plays a critical role in the growth of inorganic nanocrystals on prepatterned and flat/curved substrates. Herein, we have developed a general and versatile method for inducing the nucleation and growth of chalcogenide nanostructures on Si substrates by surface-modification. Monolayers of 3-mercaptopropyltriethoxysilane (3-MPTES) were used to induce the nucleation and growth of chalcogenide nanostructures from an aqueous solution at near room temperature. Terminal sulfhydryl groups (-SH) act as nucleation sites because of their strong coordination capacity to bind metal ions. Once the initial nuclei are formed on the surface of the Si substrate, the chalcogenide nanostructures can be formed through an ion-by-ion growth via ion diffusion in the liquid medium, resulting in the formation of a dense/stable layer of chalcogenide nanostructures. Meanwhile, the intercrystalline distances between the chalcogenide nanostructures can be adjusted by the surface density of 3-MPTES modified on the substrates. Furthermore, the present surface-modification strategy shows extremely mild growth conditions and good reproducibility. This inducing nucleation and growth strategy can be extended to fabricate other chalcogenide nanocrystals, including PbS nanocubes, Ag2S nanoparticals, CdS spherulites and Fe8S7 nanobelts, on silicon wafers. These substrate-arrays with semiconducting chalcogenide nanostructures can be used for the nanofabrication of electrodes, and electronic and nanophotonic devices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultrathin two-dimensional (2D) nanosheets are a conceptually new category of nanoscale materials. Integration/assembly of individual 2D nanosheets into 3D hierarchical structures is an enormous challenge and an essential requirement for their application. Here we first report the direct synthesis of Cu[sub 7]S[sub 4] hierarchical hollow cubic cages assembled by ultrathin nanosheets based on the Kirkendall effect. Slowly released Cu+ from Cu[sub 2]O cubic template-crystals and S[sup 2-] from decomposed thioacetamide (TAA) can react with each other and form a diffusion pair, which provides a thermodynamic and kinetic equilibrium to be responsible for the formation of ultrathin Cu[sub 7]S[sub 4] nanosheets and the Cu[sub 7]S[sub 4] hierarchical hollow cubic cages. Using this unique hollow structure and the outstanding catalytic property of the Cu[sub 7]S[sub 4] nanosheets, as an example, we successfully demonstrate that Cu[sub 7]S[sub 4] nanocages can effectively catalyse the "clock reaction", which is a periodic cycle redox oscillation reaction between methylene blue (MB) and colorless leucomethylene blue (LMB). The unique hierarchical structure has been found to enhance the rate of this redox reaction via the ultrathin nanocatalyst. This work develops a facile strategy for synthesizing 3D hierarchical structures constructed by ultrathin nanosheets and demonstrates their superior ability to optimize the nanosheet-catalyzed clock reaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aortoesophageal fistula is a rare disease with a high mortality rate. The disease is with high mortality due to aneurysm rupture, and thus successfully managed cases are rarely reported. Here, we report a case of aortoesophageal fistula caused by a huge descending aneurysm and another smaller aneurysm found in the aortic arch. Such case was relatively rare in the cardiovascular field. Due to the limited experience, it was difficult to determine the proper therapeutic strategy. For this case, for the dual aneurysm, we surgically inserted an aortic endovascular stent-graft to exclusive the aneurysm and simultaneously repair the other aortic arch aneurysm. The patient had an uneventful recovery and was discharged after 1 month antibiotics therapy for the palliative treatment of the esophageal fistula. She survived for 8 months at home before dying of massive hematemesis. Here, we present the operative method and our therapeutic experience for this extremely rare case. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Study design: This is a retrospective study comparing polyethylene wear between ceramic ball heads and metal ball heads in total hip arthroplasty. Background: The ceramic-on-polyethylene bearing option has been introduced as an alternative to metal-on-polyethylene to minimize polyethylene wear debris and reduce subsequent osteolysis and aseptic loosening. However, the reported data were debatable. We designed this retrospective study to compare polyethylene wear between alumina ceramic ball heads and cobalt-chrome ball heads. Methods: Bilateral simultaneous primary total hip arthroplasty was performed in 22 patients between January 2002 and December 2002, with one side using metal-on-polyethylene bearing surface and the other side using alumina ceramic-on-polyethylene bearing surface. After 10 years of follow-up, the wear rate of polyethylene liner on both sides was measured using the Dorr method and compared. Results: The annual wear rate of the polyethylene liner was 0.133 mm with a standard deviation of 0.045 in the metal-on-polyethylene group and 0.056 mm with a standard deviation of 0.032 in the ceramic-on-polyethylene group. The wear rate per year was significantly lower in the ceramic-on-polyethylene group (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Although the implication is still controversial, our study showed that the use of ceramic head lowered the liner wear rate. Clinical relevance: Ceramic is harder and more resistant to scratching than cobalt-chrome. By increasing polyethylene liner survivorship and decreasing potential osteolytic response and aseptic loosening, ceramic head is a better alternative than cobalt-chrome head. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dynamic range is a critical figure of merit for an imaging system; it describes the observable range of brightness. This paper introduces the design of a complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) camera for astronomical imaging using the IBIS5 sensor. The camera achieves a high dynamic range by multi-slope response using variable reset voltages. A method to convert an image captured in multi-slope response into a linear image, and thus obtain higher contrast, is developed and analysed. Finally, observation results of the sun and the moon with this camera are presented. The results confirm the practicality of this camera and the image reconstruction method in scientific applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The majority of experimentally verified molecular interaction and biological pathway data are present in the unstructured text of biomedical journal articles where they are inaccessible to computational methods. The Biomolecular interaction network database (BIND) seeks to capture these data in a machine-readable format. We hypothesized that the formidable task-size of backfilling the database could be reduced by using Support Vector Machine technology to first locate interaction information in the literature. We present an information extraction system that was designed to locate protein-protein interaction data in the literature and present these data to curators and the public for review and entry into BIND. Results: Cross-validation estimated the support vector machine's test-set precision, accuracy and recall for classifying abstracts describing interaction information was 92%, 90% and 92% respectively. We estimated that the system would be able to recall up to 60% of all non-high throughput interactions present in another yeast-protein interaction database. Finally, this system was applied to a real-world curation problem and its use was found to reduce the task duration by 70% thus saving 176 days. Conclusions: Machine learning methods are useful as tools to direct interaction and pathway database back-filling; however, this potential can only be realized if these techniques are coupled with human review and entry into a factual database such as BIND. The PreBIND system described here is available to the public at http://bind.ca. Current capabilities allow searching for human, mouse and yeast protein-interaction information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sequential changes in remodeling of the internal struc ture of the tibia caused by controlled, excessive jumping and running were studied in 20 rabbits. Vascular changes and circulatory disturbances within the cortical bone occurred before osteoclastic resorption. Degen eration and necrosis of osteocytes due to circulatory disturbances also occurred. Periosteal new bone for mation, found at and after 12 days of the experiment, was a compensatory reaction to support the tibia weak ened by accelerated osteoclastic resorption. Small cracks appeared at the cement line and developed through the neighboring cement line of the haversian systems. At 21 days, incomplete fracture of the tibial cortex was found in two rabbits. Complete fracture through one side of the cortex was seen in one animal at the 50th day of the experiment. In this study, how ever, most of the tibias did not have visible fracture lines after a period of stressful exercise. This result suggests that most tibias adapt to changes in stress requirements through proper internal remodeling so that a complete fracture does not occur. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The critical current behavior of REBa2Cu3O7−δ (REBCO, with RE = Yb, Y, Ho, Dy, Gd, Eu, GdYb, DyY, GdY, EuY, SmY, GdEu, GdSm) superconducting tapes has been systematically studied for the temperature range of 10–77 K, magnetic field range of 0–5 T and field orientation (angle between the field and tape) of 0°–180°. We report that the RE size dependencies of in-field critical current density (Jc) at low temperatures (below 40 K) are significantly different from those at 77 K. In a magnetic field of 1–3 T applied at 77 K, the Jc of REBCO films increases with the RE ionic radius (r). EuBCO film, with the largest r in this study, shows the highest Jc at 77 K in a magnetic field above 1 T, while YbBCO film, with the smallest r, has the lowest Jc at 77 K. At temperatures below 40 K, however, the trend of in-field Jc as a function of r reverses. There are crossovers among the functions of critical current density versus temperature for various RE ions and mixes. RE mixed films such as GdYBCO, EuYBCO, SmYBCO and GdEuBCO exhibit enhanced self-field critical current densities correlating with effective low field random pinning due to their suitable ion size variance. Strongly enhanced pinning by both random and correlated defects has been obtained in GdYbBCO films. Those pinning centers are especially effective at low temperatures. In a magnetic field of 5 T applied at 10 K, GdYbBCO gives the highest critical current density compared with other REBCO films, being 1.9 times greater than GdEuBCO film. This work provides a guideline regarding how to optimize RE ions in REBCO films for given application temperatures and magnetic fields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]