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The paper presents original authors' data on the O, H, C, S, and Sr isotopic composition of water and sediments from the basins into which the Aral Sea split after its catastrophic shoaling: Chernyshev Bay (CB), the basin of the Great Aral in the north, Lake Tshchebas (LT), and Minor Sea (MS). The data indicate that the δО, δD, δC, and δS of the water correlate with the mineralization ( S) of the basins (as of 2014): for CB, S = 135.6‰, δО = 4.8 ± 0.1‰, δD = 5 ± 2‰, δC (dissolved inorganic carbon, DIC) = 3.5 ± 0.1‰, δS = 14.5‰; for LT, S = 83.8‰, δО = 2.0 ± 0.1‰, δD =-13.5 ± 1.5‰, δC = 2.0 ± 0.1‰, δS = 14.2‰; and for MS, S = 9.2‰, δО =-2.0 ± 0.1‰, δD =-29 ± 1‰, δC =-0.5 ± 0.5‰, δS = 13.1‰. The oxygen and hydrogen isotopic composition of the groundwaters are similar to those in MS and principally different from the artesian waters fed by atmospheric precipitation. The mineralization, δС, and δS of the groundwaters broadly vary, reflecting interaction with the host rocks. The average δС values of the shell and detrital carbonates sampled at the modern dried off zones of the basins are similar: 0.8 ± 0.8‰ for CB, 0.8 ± 1.4‰ for LT, and -0.4 ± 0.3‰ for MS. The oxygen isotopic composition of the carbonates varies much more broadly, and the average values are as follows: 34.2 ± 0.2‰ for CB, 32.0 ± 2.2‰ for LT, and 28.2 ± 0.9‰ for MS. These values correlate with the δO of the water of the corresponding basins. The carbonate cement of the Late Eocene sandstone of the Chengan Formation, which makes up the wave-cut terrace at CB, has anomalously low δС up to -38.5‰, suggesting origin near a submarine methane seep. The δS of the mirabilite and gypsum (11.0 to 16.6‰) from the bottom sediments and young dried off zone also decrease from CB to MS in response to increasing content of sulfates brought by the Syr-Darya River (δS = 9.1 to 9.9‰) and weakening sulfate reduction. The Sr/Sr ratio in the water and carbonates of the Aral basins do not differ, within the analytical error, and is 0.70914 ± 0.00003 on average. This value indicate that the dominant Sr source of the Aral Sea is Mesozoic-Cenozoic carbonate rocks. The Rb-Sr systems of the silicate component of the bottom silt (which is likely dominated by eolian sediments) of MS and LT plot on the Т = 160 ± 5 Ma, I = 0.7091 ± 0.0001, pseudochron. The Rb-Sr systems of CB are less ordered, and the silt is likely a mixture of eolian and alluvial sediments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Data addressing the incidence of acute respiratory infections (ARI) in the Republic of Belarus in 2009 during the (H1N1)2009 influenza epidemic and the results of virological investigation of clinical samples from ARI patients were analysed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Optospectroscopic studies of plasma jets in powder sprayers have been made. It has been shown that the jet of the “Plasma‐Technik AG” sprayer is a periodically pulsating formation similar to that generated by the two‐jet plasma torch. A scheme of a plasmasonic reactor for treatment and synthesis of gaseous and condensed materials is proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The heat flux to a metal particle in the plasma of a short argon arc of atmospheric pressure in depositing metallurgical coatings has been calculated. The limiting approximations of a continuum and free‐molecular flow yield comparable results (about 6·108 W/m2). The radiant‐flux density has been evaluated. It has been shown that the heating of macroparticles is determined mainly by the conductive mechanism of energy transfer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the methods of emission spectroscopy, we studied the influence of generated radiation on heating the active medium of a fast-flow electric-discharge CO2 laser. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The optical radiation spectra and the spatial structure of a planar high frequency capacitive discharge in N2/CO2/He gas mixtures have been investigated depending on the excitation frequency, discharge current, pressure, and chemical composition of the mixture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consideration is given to the mechanisms of acceleration of carbon macroparticles forming a cathode coating in a carbon arc under the conditions of fullerene formation. Based on experimental data and theoretical estimates, the macroparticle velocity is determined. It is shown that on collision of particles with the cathode surface the conditions are realized in the zone of contact where graphite fusion can occur. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An automated spectral complex for controlling the parameters of the plasmachemical reactor working medium by the emission and absorption spectra in the 200–1100 and 2000–5000 nm ranges has been developed. To record radiation, a CCD array and a pyroelectric detector are used. Control of the spectral device functions, data recording, and the obtaining of results reflecting the working medium parameters and the concentration in it of components being measured are carried out by means of a personal computer. The complex makes it possible to study the temporal behavior of the working medium parameters being measured with a resolution of up to 10−2 sec. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider an argon d.c. arc in the device devised by us for depositing metallurgical coatings. The temperature and concentration fields of electrons needed to construct the quantitative model of heating of particles in a plasma stream are determined by spectroscopic methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The structure and properties of carbon materials formed in an arc between graphite electrodes in the case of decreased pressure of a buffer gas are considered. A mechanism of formation of a cathode coating by positively charged carbon macroparticles is proposed. The particles melt upon collision with the cathode surface and then the stage of growth of a coating from a liquid phase occurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using methods of emission spectroscopy, we have determined the gas kinetic temperature fields of planar high frequency capacitive discharge plasma in N2/CO2/He gas mixtures depending on the excitation frequency, discharge current, pressure, and chemical composition of the mixture. It is shown that the dominant contribution to the neutral component heating in the center of the discharge chamber is made by the processes of V– T relaxation of vibrationally excited molecules N2( X1Σ, V″) and CO2( X1Σ, V″), whereas in the zones near the electrodes an important role in the heating is played, along with the V– T relaxation of the N2( X1Σ, V″) and CO2( X1Σ, V″) molecules, by the processes of deactivation of the metastable states A3Σ of the N2 molecule. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The possibility of using a multijet electric arc plasma chemical reactor for decontamination and destruction of different powder pesticides with an expired effective date and storage life which have not been used in agriculture is studied. Studies of heat transfer are conducted on a setup operating without processing of raw material and with supply of pesticides (isophen and butyl ester of 2,4 dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) to the reactor. The composition of waste gases at the reactor outlet is studied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The process of reprocessing of pesticides (with an expired storage life) based on isophene (C14H18O7N2) and butyl ether of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (Cl2C6H3OCH2COOCH2CH(CH3)2) in a plasma-chemical reactor with a three-jet chamber for mixing plasma jets has been investigated. The composition of the waste gas was investigated using absorption spectroscopy in the UV, visible, and IR wavelength ranges and also chromato-mass spectrometry with the aim of selecting an environmentally safe operation of the reactor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An experimental DUF 2000 facility for spectroscopic investigations of a reduced pressure carbon arc and also for production of low dimensional carbon structures (fullerenes, nanotubes, etc.) is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For the first time, under fullerene synthesis conditions a quasiperiodic space-time structure of the arc and a correlation of plasma brightness pulsations with the change in the electrical parameters of the discharge are found, which can be attributable to superheating instability and unsteady transfer of carbon particles to the plasma. The mechanism of cathode coating formation is discussed. The spatial distribution of the radiation of the spectral components of the arc plasma is studied and radial temperature profiles are determined that presumably belong to the steady mode of discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of opticospectroscopic measurements of a plasma flow containing particles of different materials (Al2O33, SiO2, kaolin, phosphorite, and chamotte sand) at the outlet of the mixing chamber of a plasma reactor are reported. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the conditions of electric-arc burning in an air flow on the process of thermal destabilization is considered. The considerable role of heat-transfer processes in the development of instability in an arc-discharge column is shown. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of heat transfer processes in arc discharges on the development of thermal instability is considered. A substantial dependence of the process of destabilization on the plasma properties is shown by the example of argon and helium arcs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stable-plasma generators, spectroscopic measuring equipment, and methods for determining the optical properties of an extremely heated medium with a given composition have been developed. The spectral coefficients of absorption and emission of heated air, carbon dioxide, and argon were studied. A comparison with the data of other theoretical and experimental investigations has been performed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Experiments showed that an electric arc in helium between graphite electrodes (I = 60-120 A; L = 3-6 mm; P[sub He] = 1-500 Torr) may exist in two different spatial-temporal modes: (i) a stationary mode with axisymmetric current channel and (ii) a nonstationary mode with two helical channels emerging from an anode spot and rotating at 10-20 kHz around the side surfaces of cylindrical electrodes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]