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Objective: This article examines whether paternity leave influences father involvement among nonresident fathers, if associations differ by coresidential status, and whether leave is a stronger predictor of nonresident father involvement than other indicators of father identity or interest. Background: Fathering promotes child development, yet many children are born to unmarried parents and do not live with their fathers. Paternity leave may increase fathering among nonresident fathers, but extant research has largely overlooked these fathers. Method: Using the Fragile Families and Child Wellbeing Study (N∼2,000), a longitudinal birth cohort of largely low‐income families, this study examines the link between paternity leave and parenting using regression analyses. Results: Leave‐taking was associated with higher reports of engagement for both coresident and nonresident fathers, but for maternal reports of trust, coparenting, and responsibility, the positive associations with leave‐taking were concentrated among nonresident fathers. Nonresident fathers who took leave were more likely to provide in‐kind child support but not monetary support. Although leave, prenatal involvement, and being at the birth were all associated with greater involvement among nonresident fathers, mothers' reports of fathering were more strongly influenced by prenatal involvement and being at the hospital for the birth than leave. Conclusion: Leave‐taking is associated with maternal reports of trust, coparenting, and responsibility for nonresident fathers but not coresident fathers. Leave and prenatal involvement predict nonresident father involvement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. The risk of infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis among healthcare workers (HCWs) is estimated to be higher than the general population. However, HCW acceptance and compliance with available latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) treatment regimens has been problematic. Recently, regimens have become available that might improve HCW acceptance and compliance with LTBI treatment. Methods. A retrospective single-center review of Employee Health and Wellness Services records of all HCWs diagnosed with LTBI was conducted. HCWs diagnosed with LTBI were offered 9-month isoniazid (INH), 4-month rifampin (RIF), weekly rifapentine/isoniazid (RPT/INH) for 12 weeks, or no treatment. Acceptance, completion rates, and side effects were reported for each regimen. Comparisons of regimens were assessed using Fisher exact test. Results. Between 2005 and 2014, 363 of 927 (39%) HCWs diagnosed with LTBI accepted treatment. Of 363, 202 chose INH, 106 RIF, and 55 RPT/INH. Completion rates for each regimen were 58%, 80%, and 87%, respectively. HCWs were significantly more likely to have completed treatment with RIF (P < .0001) or RPT/INH (P < .0001) than INH. Rates of discontinuation owing to side effects were 35% for INH, 21% for RIF, and 10% for RPT/INH. Discontinuation of therapy due to side effects was significantly more frequent in the INH than the RPT/INH group (P = .0042). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bleeding, is one of the most common postoperative complications after palatoplasty in patients with cleft palate. The purpose of this article is to present our experience using a Foley catheter balloon for perioperative palatoplasty bleeding management. A retrospective data analysis was performed for all cases of palatoplasty performed by the author from 1999 to 2012 that experienced postoperative hemorrhage. These patients were managed by utilizing posterior nasal compression with a Foley catheter balloon for the period 2006 to 2012. We have compared two methods (we use before 2006 the reoperative method) with regards to the later development of palatal fistulae and cases with reoperative hemostasis. The study found no statistically significant differences between the conventional and proposed method in relation to the development of palatal fistulae (P=0.7). These findings suggest that nasal packing using a Foley balloon is a safe and effective method for postoperative bleeding control after palatoplasty in patients with cleft palate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BSTRACT A matrix has been developed to guide the assessment of urban water resources. The matrix provides a means for determining the relative importance of water-related problems, and for identifying the data needed to evaluate these problems for the purpose of urban planning. The matrix columns list nine categories of potential water-related urban problems. The rows list 51 categories of data inputs which may be needed to evaluate the potential problems. The inputs include standard types of basic hydrologic data, information based on analysis and interpretation of these data, and information on the interfacing factors of climate, land, and culture. A system is described for ranking the relative importance of the problem categories and data inputs on a numerical scale of 0 to 3. From this, an index is derived that evaluates the relative importance of each input item to an overall program for water resource assessment. From the completed matrix the hydrologist can determine the availability of data to meet the identified requirements. Judgement can then be made as to priorities on work elements to provide the planner with maximum information in minimum time. The matrix also provides a basis for the development of programs and their funding in order to overcome critical data deficiencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Large-scale areal variations in low-flow characteristics of streamflow are caused primarily by differences in geology in the 576-square-mile Swatara Creek basin just east of Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Although the low-flow index (the average annual minimum daily flow) of small streams in the basin ranges from 0 to slightly more than 1.0 cubic foot per second per square mile (csm), the flows within each geologic zone show marked similarity, except where affected by mining, diversion, or other activity of man. These natural average minimum flows are lowest in the area underlain by the Martinsburg Shale and range from 0.01 to 0.10 csm. Moderate average minimum flows of 0.1 to 0.2 csm occur in the areas underlain by sandstone, conglomerate, and shale in the northern mountainous part of the basin; greater average minimum flows of 0.3 to 0.4 csm occur in the zone in the southern part of the basin underlain by the Gettysburg Shale, which consists mostly of coarse-grained sandstone. The variability in the low-flow indices of streams is greatest in the area underlain by various limestones and dolomites, ranging from zero to over 1.0 csm. However, even within this zone of limestones and dolomites there is reasonable consistency to the low flows within each of the several formations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]