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In our research, we utilize density functional theory (DFT) to explore the properties of magnesium and zinc atoms adsorbed on bismuthene. Our findings indicate that the hollow site is the most favorable adsorption site for Mg and Zn atoms on bismuthene. The results indicate that Mg and Zn adsorption on the bismuthene surface results in significantly high conductivity, with notable adsorption energies of −3.38 eV for Mg and −3.91 eV for Zn. The bismuthene structure can adsorb 9 Mg and 18 Zn atoms with negative average adsorption energy. These findings suggest excellent stability of bismuthene during the adsorption of magnesium and zinc. Notably, we propose theoretical storage capacities of 2308 mA h g−1 for magnesium-ion batteries (MgIBs) and 4616 mA h g−1 for zinc-ion batteries (ZnIBs), while maintaining structural stability during the adsorption of these metal ions. The observed average open-circuit voltages for bismuthene are 0.01 V for Mg and 0.03 V for Zn, with the material retaining its metallic properties throughout the adsorption process. Furthermore, the calculated diffusion barriers for Mg and Zn are 0.1 eV and 0.21 eV, respectively. Our findings like storage capacity, diffusion energies, and low OCV surpass those of most studied two-dimensional materials, positioning bismuthene as a promising anode material for metal-ion rechargeable batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Materials having nonlinear optical (NLO) properties have shown hi-tech uses in a variety of modern fields including telecommunications, solid-state physics, laser optics and more recently in quantum computing. The current study offers a comprehensive computational analysis of the chalcone compounds designed through halogens and traditional acceptors. The molecular structure and electronic properties of parent compound (E)-1-(4-aminophenyl)-3-(3-chlorophenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (C1) were quantum chemically simulated and found in good agreement with experimentally reported results. The new chalcone compounds C2–C8 were also proposed by substituting chlorine with acceptors (F, Br, CH3, CF3, COOH, CN and NO2) into a benzene ring with fixed donor (aniline) and a π-bridge (acrolein). DFT and TD-DFT calculations were employed to shed light on charge transfer properties, promising structures, density of states plots and NLO characteristics. The substitution with acceptors effectively modified the structures with halogens and nonhalogen groups, resulting in improved NLO characteristics. A striking NLO response was seen in all proposed compounds. It is interesting to note that the NLO characteristics of C2–C3 and C4–C8 have been significantly improved by the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) process with β// value of 18.30 × 10−30 esu. However, C7 showed the highest < γ > values of 106.6 × 10−36. Among C1–C8 compounds, C8 had a narrower HOMO–LUMO energy gap, facilitating efficient electronic excitations and resonance enhancement which led to an improved NLO response. TDM analysis confirms the intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) in C1–C8 compounds due to the successful migration of charge from donor to acceptor via π-bridge. The current study intrigues scientific interest regarding the formation of chalcone-based appealing NLO compounds that may be useful in recent high-tech applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work presents surface nanocomposites of aluminum alloy AA1050, reinforced with zirconium oxide (ZrO2) nanoparticles developed through multipass friction stir processing (FSP). This article attempts to study the effects of the number of passes on the wear rate, microhardness profile, tensile properties, and macrostructure of surface nanocomposites. The results demonstrate that an improved distribution of ZrO2 nanoparticles is obtained following each FSP pass, and that the number of passes increases with a decrease in stir zone (SZ) grain size. Consequently, it was found that applying FSP passes continuously enhances the materials' microhardness and tensile characteristics. In the microstructure development of the stir zone during the ZrO2 nanoparticle FSP, dynamic recrystallization (DRX) was an essential mechanism. The main reason for this is that surface nanocomposites with homogenous ZrO2 particle dispersion and no discernible particle clustering in the stir zone were shown by microstructural studies conducted through FSP, which significantly reduced the matrix grain size. The AA1050 base metal (BM) has an ultimate tensile strength, yield strength, and hardness of 59.2 MPa, 24 MPa, and 30.1 respectively. The nanocomposite generated by 5 FSP passes exhibits improved yield stress (55 MPa), tensile strength (94.5 MPa), and microhardness (86.5 HV), but its tensile ductility decreased from 34% to 23.8% when compared to the base metal. Tensile strength that is higher is the outcome of fine dimples' ability to pin the dislocation movement during tensile loading. According to fractographic studies, the ductile–brittle mode replaced the dimple-shaped ductile fracture mode.Highlights: ZrO2/AA1050 surface nanocomposites were produced by multipass FSP. Significant strength and microhardness are demonstrated by the ZrO2 nanoparticle reinforcement build, along with a refined microstructure. The results demonstrate the potential of FSP in producing composite materials for specific functional requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Drug-resistant epilepsy (DRE) impacts a significant portion, onethird, of individuals diagnosed with epilepsy. In such cases, exploring nonpharmacological interventions are crucial, with the ketogenic diet (KD) standing out as a valuable option. KD, a high-fat and low-carb dietary approach with roots dating back to the 1920s for managing DRE, triggers the formation of ketone bodies and modifies biochemistry to aid in seizure control. Recent studies have increasingly supported the efficacy of KD in addressing DRE, showcasing positive outcomes. Furthermore, while more research is needed, limited data suggests that KD May also be beneficial for specific genetic epilepsy syndromes (GESs). Objective: This study aimed to assess the short-term efficacy of KD among pediatric patients diagnosed with GESs. Materials and methods: This is a multi-center retrospective analysis of pediatric patients with GESs diagnosed using next-generation sequencing. The enrolled patients followed the keto-clinic protocol, and the KD efficacy was evaluated at 3, 6, and 12-month intervals based on seizure control and compliance. The collection instrument included demographic, baseline, and prognostic data. The collected data was coded and analyzed promptly. Results: We enrolled a cohort of 77 patients with a mean current age of 7.94 ± 3.83 years. The mean age of seizure onset was 15.5 months. Notably, patients experienced seizures at a younger age tended to have less positive response to diet. Overall, 55 patients responded favorably to the diet (71.4%) while 22 patients (28.6%) showed no improvement. Patients with genetic etiology showed a significantly more favorable responses to the dietary intervention. Patients with Lennox-Gastaut syndrome showed the most significant improvement (14/15) followed by patients with Dravet syndrome (6/8), and West syndrome (3/4). The number of used anti-seizure medications also played a significant role in determining their response to the diet. While some patients experienced mild adverse events, the most common being constipation, these occurrences were not serious enough to necessitate discontinuation of the diet. Conclusion: The study revealed a high improvement rate in seizure control, especially among younger patients and those with later seizure onset. The success of dietary treatment hinges greatly on early intervention and the patient's age. Certain genetic mutations responded favorably to the KD, while efficacy varied among various genetic profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ternary two-dimensional (2D) transition metal chalcogenides have gained immense attention because of their ability to overcome the intrinsic limitations of their binary counterparts. Layered 2D materials are important for future electronic and photonic devices owing to their low structural symmetry and in-plane anisotropy with tunable bandgap. Herein, the electronic structure and detailed vibrational properties of bulk ZrGeTe4 layered single crystals were investigated using angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy (ARPES) and Raman scattering (RS). The ARPES results revealed an anisotropic Fermi surface of different momentum along kx and ky from the zone center and an anisotropic band structure with varying band curvatures along the high-symmetry directions. Furthermore, the RS of ZrGeTe4 was investigated under different polarizations and varying temperatures. The polarized RS exhibited twofold and fourfold symmetry orientations in different configurations, revealing the anisotropic phonon dispersions for bulk ZrGeTe4. The observed softening of Raman modes was corroborated with the anharmonic phonon dispersion, which was further supported by our third-order force constant calculations of thermal transport using density functional theory. Low lattice thermal conductivity with increasing temperature is linked with enhanced phonon–phonon scattering, which is evident from the decreased phonon lifetime and peak linewidth. In addition to these fundamental aspects, the anisotropic nature and unique layered structure of such materials reveal their bright future for next-generation nanoelectronic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper introduced a new definition of rough fuzzy sets based on a fuzzy ideal l defined on a fuzzy approximation space (X, R). This definition considered the degree r ∈ [0, 1] in defining the after sets and the before sets of the arbitrary fuzzy relation R on the finite set of objects X. It is shown that this new type of roughness is a generalization to many of previous definitions in the fuzzy case and also in the ordinary case. As an application, it is given a rough fuzzy‐connected set notion depending on some degree r ∈ [0, 1]. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: There is overwhelming evidence of improved patient outcomes as a result of early mobilization in the intensive care unit (ICU). However, several barriers of ICU mobility remain understated with reference to clinical roles. The purpose of this study is to investigate the perceived barriers of early mobility of critically ill patients among ICU healthcare providers. Methods: In this cross‐sectional study, the Mobilization Attitudes and Beliefs Survey (PMABS‐ICU) was administered to ICU healthcare providers using an online survey. The study investigated barriers related to knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors regarding ICU mobility practices. These barriers were compared among different ICU clinical roles. Results: The survey yielded a total number of 214 healthcare providers with 41% female and 59% male. Respiratory therapists reported the highest perceived barriers to ICU mobility (M 39, IQR 36, 43) % compared to physical therapists (who reported the lowest barriers), occupational therapists, nurses, and physicians (p ≤ 0.05). ICU healthcare providers' behavior towards ICU mobility such as perceived benefits and safety is ranked as the primary barrier (M 49, IQR 42, 52) %. Professional experience did not significantly vary among all groups. Conclusion: Our findings highlight that ICU healthcare providers' perceptions, including both potential benefits and safety concerns regarding mobility, are significant barriers to implement mobility practices. ICU mobility barriers should be tackled by providing education and training. A focused effort to include RTs and nurses could advance interdisciplinary ICU mobility practice and reduce associated barriers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to its nutritional value and health benefits, the date palm (Phoenix dactylifera L.) is an essential dietary food crop throughout Middle Eastern and African countries. Consumers are concerned about the possible microbial contamination of dates, especially since most dates arriving in local markets are unprocessed. The absence of processing increases the possibility of microbial contamination, which raises the probability of microbial contamination. This study aims to analyze and evaluate the variability of fungal and bacterial microbiota identified in the most popular date palm fruits in Saudi Arabia. The study assessed ten date variety fruits from the most popular date palm varieties for consumption in Saudi Arabia and analyzed the microbial count. Morphological and molecular characterization and comparison of nuclear ribosomal DNA internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequences identified 78 fungi, including 36 distinct species across 15 fungal genera. Alternaria, Fusarium, Curvilaria, Aspergillus, and Penicillium were the most frequent genera among the ten fruit cultivars studied, according to ITS-rDNA sequence analysis. Furthermore, 36 bacterial isolates were obtained from ten date varieties studied, each with a unique colony morphology. These isolates were identified based on sequence alignment and comparison of their 16S rDNA internal spacer regions to those available in public databases. The results showed that the bacterial isolates included 15 species from five bacterial genera. The results suggested that Bacillus, Stenotrophomonas, and Brucella were the prevailing genera among the ten tested fruit varieties. Some bacterial genera, such as Brucella, Achromobacter, and Stenotrophomonas, are well-known potential human pathogens. Chaetomium globosum was also recognized as air pollution causing adverse health effects such as allergies and as the causal agent of human fungal infections among the tested date varieties; the Rashodiah type exhibited the highest fungal contamination, whereas the Sagai variety displayed the lowest fungal contamination. Conversely, the Sukkari, Barhi, and Mejdool varieties were the most contaminated with bacteria among the ten tested varieties, while the Khalas variety showed the least bacterial contamination. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this study provides the initial comprehensive account of the molecular and morphological identification of all fungal and bacterial genera associated with date palm (P. dactylifera) fruits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study is an attempt to explore war-related trauma, its stressful effects, and the coping strategies of Saudi schoolchildren. The authors hypothesized that children exposed to war-related trauma will show higher levels of PTSD, and that those with higher levels of PTSD symptoms use more maladaptive coping strategies. The study describes the correlation between traumatic events and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) as well as coping strategies. Five hundred twenty-seven intermediate and high school students, 12 to 18 years old, living in the conflict zone in southern Saudi Arabia completed three standardized self-reported scales: the War Zone Traumatic Events Checklist, the Child PTSD Symptom Scale, and the Children's Coping Strategies Checklist. Each participating student was randomly chosen. Analysis was based on two groups: the high-PTSD symptoms group (182 children) and the low-PTSD symptoms group (345 children). The study was conducted between September 2020 and April 2022 while the war was ongoing as part of an ongoing larger study. Children exposed to war-related traumatic events exhibited greater prevalence rates for PTSD. The children reported high levels of PTSD symptoms and applied a variety of coping strategies to manage related stress. Participants rarely reported that psychological or educational interventions had been used to manage the war-related traumatic experiences and PTSD or to improve related coping styles. The results are discussed in the context of mental health services needed for children in the conflict zone. To bridge the gap between health care services and the needs of children with PTSD, and for better understanding and interventions, health professionals are invited to develop a biopsychosocial model that identifies the risks of PTSD related to exposure to war-related traumatic events in school-aged children and, hence, provide a multidisciplinary intervention program that educates, encourages, and supports teachers and parents in following medical recommendations and goals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Residues of the fungicides difenoconazole, propiconazole, cyflufenamid, and mandipropamid were determined in tomato fruit using acetonitrile for extraction and LC-MS/MS for quantification. Validation criteria include linearity range, the limit of detection (LOD) and limit of quantitation (LOQ), accuracy in terms of precision and trueness, and matrix effect were studied. The recovery rates of the method ranged from 91.8 to 106.3%. The precision of the method in terms of repeatability at one day (RSDr) and between three days (RSDR) ranged from 2.8 to 6.4% and from 4.3 to 7.6%, respectively, with good trueness from 92.2 to 96.4%. Matrix effects (suppression effects) ranged from 3.8% to 11.1%. The validated method was used to evaluate the dissipation kinetics of three different premix formulations: 30% EC (15% difenoconazole + 15% propiconazole), 14% DC (12.5% difenoconazole + 1.5% cyflufenamid), and 50% SC (25% difenoconazole + 25% mandipropamid) used on field tomatoes in Egypt. A first-order kinetic equation best describes residue dissipation. The calculated half-lives of difenoconazole, propiconazole, cyflufenamid, and mandipropamid were 2.01–2.27, 1.89, 1.97, and 1.71 days, respectively. The dissipation rate of difenoconazole did not differ significantly in the three premix formulations. Mandipropamid also dissipated faster compared to the other fungicides tested. The chronic dietary risk assessment results showed a minimal risk to adult Egyptian consumers. Waiting periods were advised for the safe consumption of tomatoes treated with the tested premix formulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detecting hazardous and toxic gases and their removal from environment is essential for human health. 2D materials plays vital role for gas sensing or scavenging. Density functional theory (DFT) was applied to investigate the adsorption of six toxic gases (CO, COS, NO, NO2, CH4O, and CH2N2) on Cu-decorated Aluminene surface. Aluminene preserve its metallic character after copper decoration. The greater values of adsorption energy (-2.72 eV, -0.92 eV, -3.39 eV, -2.14 eV, -2.66 eV and − 2.95 eV respectively) proposed that Cu-decoration is favorable than pristine Aluminene. Electronic properties and adsorption energies suggested chemisorption behavior of CO, NO and NO2 while other gas molecules showed physisorption. Hybridization occurs between d-orbitals of the system and the gas molecules that improved the electronic properties. The study encompassed analyses of Density of States (DOS), charge distribution, Electron Localization Function (ELF), work function, charge density difference (CDD) and recovery time. Band gap found to be zero for the optimized system prior to and following gas adsorption. It represent good conductivity of the material, owing to the possibility of an efficient gas sensor. The recovery time analysis indicated that the material exhibited reversible gas sensing properties at high temperatures. At lower temperatures, it could potentially serve as a disposable sensor for industrial safety applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytoseius plumifer (Canestrini and Fanzago) and Euseius scutalis (Athias-Henriot) (Phytoseiidae) are generalist predatory mites important in controlling phytophagous mites on some agricultural crops. The biology of both species as potential biological control agents of the grape erineum mite, Colomerus vitis (Pagenstecher) (Eriophyidae) on grape leaf disks was studied in the laboratory at 33 ± 1 °C, 60%RH, 12:12 h L:D. The developmental time, survival, and reproductive parameters of P. plumifer and E. scutalis on C. vitis, date palm pollen as well as C. vitis plus date palm pollen were investigated. Both predators, P. plumifer and E. scutalis, thrived on the mixed diet of C. vitis and date palm pollen resulting in a shorter developmental time (6.16 and 6.69 days, respectively), higher oviposition rate (2.11 and 1.96 eggs/female/day, respectively), and higher intrinsic rate of increase (0.251 and 0.229 per female/day, respectively) than on any other diet. Date palm pollen was an adequate alternative food source for P. plumifer and E. scutalis. The results suggest that both predators have good potential to suppress C. vitis populations and that date palm pollen can support the population establishment of both predators in the absence or scarcity of the main prey in the environment. We discuss the relevance of our results for the biocontrol of C. vitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: A functional food, herbal jam, developed using Phyllanthus emblica (Amla fruit), Moringa oliefera (Moringa) leaves powder and Stevia rebaudiana (natural sweetener) used as sugar replacer to make low caloric jam that can boost up immunity against COVID-19. Stevia present in the jam made it suitable for diabetic patients. Experimental: A control was developed by replacing stevia with sugar with same composition. The ratios of amla and moringa were altered and the best one was selected on the bases of sensory evaluation using 9-point headonic scale. The jams were characterized at different storage days to check the stability and nutritional composition by carrying proximate analysis and mean values were compared. Results: The energy value calculations showed significant difference between the control jam (sugar based) & optimized jam (stevia based). Sensory evaluation concludes high score value of sugar based jam. Microbial analysis was done using Total Plate Count (TPC) and Yeast Mold Count (YMC). Moreover, studies are required to improve the textural attributes of stevia based jam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The presence of dyes in wastewater poses a significant environmental challenge due to their permanence toxicity and potential to harm ecosystems. Because of their high porosity and adjustable characteristics, metal‐organic frameworks (MOFs) have become attractive materials for effective dye removal. Among various MOFs, zeolitic imidazolate frameworks (ZIFs) have garnered significant attention, especially ZIF‐8, for its excellent stability, significant porosity, adjustable pore size and remarkable adsorption capacity. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of recent advances in the implementation of ZIF‐8 and its composites for the removal of pollutants from wastewater. The various synthesis methods, structural characteristics and dye adsorption performance of ZIF‐8 and its composites are discussed. Furthermore, impact of the different factors such as pH, temperature, dye concentration, contact time etc. were also highlighted. Moreover, the detailed adsorption mechanism was also discussed. Finally, the current challenges and future perspectives in the production of materials based on ZIF‐8 for the removal of dyes were also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The QuEChERS method was adjusted to determine bifenthrin residues in grapes and grape leaves. Extraction and cleanup procedures were optimized to decrease co-extracted materials and enhance the detection of bifenthrin. The method was validated per the European Union (EU) Guidelines criteria. Accuracy ranged from 98.8% to 93.5% for grapes and grape leaves, respectively. Precision values were 5.5 and 6.4 (RSDr) and 7.4 and 6.7 (RSDR) for grapes and grape leaves, respectively. LOQs (the lowest spiking level) were 2 and 20 µg/kg for grapes and grape leaves, respectively. Linearity as determination coefficient (R2) values were 0.9997 and 0.9964 for grapes and grape leaves, respectively, in a matrix over 1–100 µg/L range of analyte concentration. This was very close to the value in the pure solvent (0.9999), showing the efficiency of the cleanup in removing the co-extracted and co-injected materials; the matrix effect was close to zero in both sample matrices. Dissipation of bifenthrin was studied in a supervised trial conducted in a grapevine field during the summer of 2023 at the recommended dose and double the dose. Dissipation factor k values were 0.1549 and 0.1672 (recommended dose) and 0.235 and 0.208 (double dose) for grapes and grape leaves, respectively. Pre-harvest interval (PHI) was calculated for the Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) values of the EU database. Residues of bifenthrin were removed effectively from grapes using simple washing with tap water in a laboratory study. Residues reached the MRL level of 0.3 mg/kg in both washing treatments, running or soaking in tap water treatments for 5 min. Removal from leaves did not decrease residue levels to the MRL in grape leaves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research paper presented a novel investigation into an implicit coupled system of fractional variable order, which has not been previously studied in the existing literature. The study focused on establishing and developing sufficient conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solutions, as well as the Ulam-Hyers stability, for the proposed coupled system without using semigroup property. By extending the existing conclusions examined for the Atangana-Baleanu-Caputo (ABC) operator, we contributed to advancing the understanding of variable-order fractional differential equations. The paper provided a solid theoretical foundation for further analysis, numerical simulations, and practical applications. The obtained results have implications for designing and controlling systems modeled using fractional variable order equations and serve as a basis for addressing a wide range of dynamical problems. The transformation techniques, qualitative analysis, and illustrative examples presented in this work highlight its unique contributions and potential to serve as a foundation for future research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrospinning is a well-established technique for creating submicron polymer fibers to create distinctive functional nanostructures. Electrospinning parameters including solution concentration, tip-to-collector distance and applied voltage are adjusted to produce nonwovens with variable fiber diameter distributions. This research on the response surface methodology (RSM) is being used to model the diameter of a polyamide-6,6 (PA-6,6) nanofiber mat. The experiments were designed using central composite design (CCD) and RSM, which evaluated the interactions between the operating variables (polymer concentration, applied positive voltage, needle tip to collector distance and spinning angle) on the diameter of the PA-6,6 nanofiber. The average nanofiber diameter increased as the concentration of the PA-6,6 polymer solution increased. The model's strong regression coefficient ( R 2 = 0. 9 8) reveals that it did a desirable of predicting the diameter of PA-6,6 fibers. The experimental findings and predicted fiber diameters were in good agreement. The results demonstrate that the optimization of electrospinning process to produce the smallest nanofibers and narrowest diameter distribution (1 8 3 ± nm) combined effects of 10% polymer concentration, 21 kV applied positive voltage, 18 cm needle tip to collector distance and 60 ∘ spinning angle are substantial interacting effects that have an impact on the surface response nanofibers. The results of the research and several mathematical models will offer useful guidelines for choosing parameter settings for electrospinning PA-6,6 to achieve the required fiber diameter. By saving time, effort and money more effectively, this research will expand the field of investigation for the quality of electrospun nanofibers. Electrospinning is an established technique for creating submicron polymer fibers to create distinctive functional nanostructures. For the manufacture of nonwovens with variable fiber diameter distributions, electrospinning variables such as solution concentration, tip-to-collector distance, and the applied voltage were modified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A facile procedure for extracting and determining seven neonicotinoids was developed. Water was the only extraction solvent without phase separation and cleanup steps. The method was validated according to European Union standards, and the values obtained were compared with the criteria. The accuracy values were between 99.8% (thiamethoxam) and 106.8% (clothianidin) at the spiking levels of 0.01, 0.1, and 1 mg/kg in the tested matrices. The precision as pooled RSD values was ≤6.1% (intra-day) and ≤6.9% (inter-day). The limit of quantification was set and tested at 0.01 mg/kg. The matrix effect was evaluated, and all matrices had a suppressive effect. The matrix of the cucumber was the most effective, with −20.9% for dinotefuran and an average of −9.8% for all compounds, while the tomato matrix had the slightest effect. Real marketed samples were analyzed using the developed and QuEChERS (Quick, Easy, Cheap, Effective, Rugged, and Safe) methods; the results were not significantly different. A supervised field trial was conducted in the open field to study the dissipation patterns of imidacloprid and dinotefuran in tomatoes. The dissipation of both compounds followed first-order kinetics. The half-life (T½) values were 3.4 and 2.5 days, with dissipation rates k of 0.2013 and 0.2781 days, respectively. Following the EU-MRL database, the calculated pre-harvest interval (PHI) values were 7 and 14 days for imidacloprid and dinotefuran, respectively, and 3 days for both compounds following Codex Alimentarius regulations. The risk of imidacloprid and dinotefuran residues was estimated from chronic and acute perspectives. The risk factors of dinotefuran were lower than those of imidacloprid. Nonetheless, the highest expected residues of both compounds were below the tolerance limits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetranychus urticae is an important pest of tomato crops globally, affecting plant yield and growth. Beauveria bassiana and Metarhizium robertsii have the potential to control T. urticae. We investigated the influence of two B. bassiana (i.e., WG-12 and WG-19) isolates and one M. robertsii (WG-02) isolate when colonizing different plant organs (leaves, stems, and roots) and their influence on the growth of tomato plants, through foliar, root-dipping, and seed-soaking application techniques. We also examined the acaricidal activity of the three isolates against T. urticae (female adults), spraying tomato leaf discs with each isolate separately. After 28 days, WG-12 and WG-19 colonized 97 and 91% of the leaves after foliar inoculation, whereas WG-02 exhibited the lowest leaf colonization (76%). The height of the tomato plants, the root length, the number of leaves, and the weight of the biomass above and below the ground were enhanced significantly after inoculation with WG-02 vs. B. bassiana isolates and control. The complete mortality of T. urticae was caused by WG-12 and WG-02 after 10 days, whereas WG-19 killed 94% of the adults. For the effective management of T. urticae, we propose the application of the WG-02 isolate since it provides complete protection and promotes the growth of tomato plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study employed pre-synthesized multi-walled carbon nanotubes and their derivatives, which are used for solid phase extraction to remove the anionic dye Orange-G. The solid phases were examined and identified using several techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESE), zeta potential measurement, and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The solid phase amount for both systems was 0.01 g. The optimal initial concentration for Orange-G dye was 200–500 mg/L for MWCNTs derivatives and 600 mg/L for magnetic decorated systems. The ideal pH for MWCNT-tris was 5, while the pH for the other solid phases was found to be 3 in the first system. However, both systems used 25 mL of dye. The flow rate was 0.5–1.5 mL/min. The type and volume of elution were examined in this study, and it emerged that DMSO solvent was the optimal eluent with 2.5 mL for both systems. The study investigated two isotherm models, specifically Freundlich and Langmuir. The qmax was 990–1612 mg/g for the first system and 1724–1960 mg/g for the second one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, pure and Mg-doped CuO (Cu1−xMgxO, x = 0.0, 0.02, 0.04 and 0.08) nanoflakes were synthesized by a surfactant-free hydrothermal method. X-ray diffraction patterns confirmed the formation of the single-phase monoclinic CuO crystal structure. The morphological investigations using field emission scanning electron microscopy showed that the samples possessed ultrathin nanoflake-like morphology. The internal microstructure was highlighted using high-resolution transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction investigations. Raman spectroscopy investigation confirmed the chemical bonding, structure, and phase purity of the samples. DC conductivity measurements revealed two thermally activated conduction mechanisms in low- and high-temperature ranges caused by charge carrier transitions from shallow and deep donor levels, respectively. The AC electrical conductivity and dielectric parameters were analyzed in the temperature range of 303–403 K and frequency range of 10 Hz–1 MHz. The frequency and temperature dependencies of the AC conductivity were explained in the framework of Jonscher's power law and correlated barrier hopping model. The dielectric constant and dielectric loss were analyzed as functions of frequency and temperature and the behavior coincided with Koops' theory. Also, the study of the impedance spectra and Cole–Cole diagrams illustrated the significant role of grain boundaries in the dielectric relaxation processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study is an attempt to optimize the electrospinning parameters to fabricate chitosan/polyethylene oxide hybrid nanofiber composite with minimum diameter and coefficient of variation (homogeneity) by using response surface methodology (RSM). Based on central composite design (CCD), four factors (the chitosan/PEO ratio, the applied voltage, the needle-to-collector distance, and the spinning angle) was applied to evaluate the individual and combined effects of the parameters on the average diameter of nanofibers. Chitosan (CH) was blended with Polyethylene oxide (PEO) at weight ratios of 1:1, 2:1, 3:1, 4:1, and 5:1. As the composition ratio of chitosan was reduced, the viscosity of the chitosan/PEO blend solution also dropped. The RSM model identified the following conditions as necessary to produce the desired and most uniform CS/PEO fiber diameter: a CS/PEO blend ratio of 2:1 (w/w), a voltage of 25 kV, a distance of 20 cm, and a spinning angle of 45°. The average nanofiber diameter and homogeneity under these conditions were calculated to be 73 nm and 20.5%, respectively, compared to the predicted values of 71 nm and 15.58%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Egyptian Jallab (EJ) is a conical candy (light to dark brown), manufactured from a part of sugar cane juice, that is used in the black honey industry. EJ is considered an unrefined sugar or a non-centrifugal form of sugar. The traditional use of Jallab is as candy, but it can also be used for making ice cream, cupcakes, biscuits, and toffee, as well as being used in other food applications. In this study, EJ was used as a sugar substitute in ice cream at 0, 25, 50, 75, and 100%. Total solids, titratable acidity, pH, protein, ash, fat, specific gravity, weight per gallon, viscosity, color attributes, total antioxidant activity, total phenolic content, and total flavonoid contents, as well as microbiological analyses, were tested. The total solids, protein, and ash in the Egyptian Jallab ice cream (EJIC) increased from 39.30, 4.85, and 0.87 to 41.19, 6.36, and 1.42, respectively. The gradual sugar substitution led to a significant increase in specific gravity and weight per gallon in pounds. The lightness (L*) of the ice cream decreased significantly due to the substitution of EJ for sugar. Moreover, there was a significant increase in a* (from 0.147 in control samples to 5.52 in treatment 4, which had 100% EJ). The changes in the b* values of Jallab ice cream samples were significantly increased due to the substitution of EJ for sugar. The control samples had a low value of antioxidant activity (21.53%) when compared with the treatment, which has EJ (88.82, 89.96, 91.98, and 92.14%) for EJIC1, EJIC2, EJIC3, and EJIC4, respectively. The total phenolic contents are 2.07, 3.03, 4.14, and 4.68 fold higher in the treatments with EJ substituted for sugar than in the control samples. Total flavonoid contents increased from 5.73 mg QE g−1 in control samples (TC) to 14.68, 21.54, 30.48, and 34.15 mg QE g−1 in EJIC1, EJIC2, EJIC3, and EJIC4 mg QE g−1 in ice cream samples, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Friction stir welding (FSW) processing of the joint is a technique to improve the quality of the weld. The present research employed the friction stir welding technique to butt-weld AA5754 plates, whereby the joints of every weld case were identified based on their tensile strength, hardness, and impact toughness. The plates were joined by varying the rotational speeds, welding speeds, and tool tilt angles. A multi-objective optimization Taguchi's design of experiments approach and grey relational analysis (GRA) were used in this study to assess the combined effects of the process variables. The developed models are evaluated for sufficiency, and then the most significant parameters are determined using the analysis of variance (ANOVA). The results of the ANOVA showed that the rotational speed has a maximum contribution of 55.24%, 59%, and 46.27% in obtaining the optimal values of tensile strength, hardness, and impact toughness, respectively. It was found that formability and mechanical behaviors increased with increasing tilt angle for the tilt angle range examined in the current study. The two methods provide the same results, and the optimal conditions are a rotational speed of 1000 rpm, a welding speed of 60 mm/min, and a tilt angle of 2.5°. The optimal values for tensile strength, hardness, and impact toughness, respectively, were found to be 136 MPa, 85.25 HV, and 13 J. Significant implications for the welding industry may arise from the highly favorable outcomes in terms of microstructure and mechanical attributes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A sequential one‐pot direct strategy for the synthesis of 2‐hydroxy‐2‐substituted‐2H‐benzo[b][1,4]oxazin‐3(4H)‐ones is developed under ambient conditions with moderate to good yields (up to 75 %) by regioselective ring‐opening of spiro‐epoxy/aziridine oxindoles with 50 % aq. H2O2 followed by rearrangement reaction in presence of amberlyst‐15 catalyst. Further, sequential reaction with aldehydes/ketones and carbonyldiimidazole (CDI) gave spiro[benzo[b][1,4]oxazine‐2,4′‐[1,3]dioxolan]‐3(4H)‐ones and spiro[benzo[b][1,4]oxazine‐2,4′‐[1,3]dioxolane]‐2′,3(4H)‐diones, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the analysis of a coupled system governed by a Caputo-fractional derivative with q-integral-coupled boundary conditions. This system is particularly relevant in modeling multi-atomic systems, including scenarios involving adsorbed atoms or clusters on crystalline surfaces, surface–atom scattering, and atomic friction. To investigate this system, we introduce an operator that exhibits fixed points corresponding to the solutions of the problem, effectively transforming the system into an equivalent fixed-point problem. We established the necessary conditions for the existence and uniqueness of solutions using the Leray–Schauder nonlinear alternative and the Banach contraction mapping principle, respectively. Stability results in the Ulam sense for the coupled system are also discussed, along with a sensitivity analysis of the range parameters. To support the validity of their findings, we provide illustrative examples. Overall, the paper offers a thorough examination and analysis of the considered coupled system, making important contributions to the understanding of multi-atomic systems and their mathematical modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ultra-High Molecular Weight Polyethylene (UHMWPE) polymers have been used in biomedical applications due to its biocompatibility, durability, toughness and high wear resistance. To enhance the mechanical properties, various types of minerals are commonly utilized as fillers in UHMWPE. One of the minerals is dolomite, which has been recognized as a valuable mineral with versatile applications, particularly in the field of biomedical applications. This paper presents the tensile properties of UHMWPE composites that filled with dolomite and treated-dolomite at various filler loading (i.e., 1-5 wt.%). Nitric acid and diammonium phosphate were used to treat the dolomite. From the results, the peaks of the FTIR spectrum displays carbonate (CO3-2), phosphate (PO4-3) and hydroxyl (OH-) groups in the ct-dolomite powder sample while the XRD pattern reveals that using dolomite treated with 1M nitric acid resulted in the presence of calcium hydroxide phosphate (Ca10(PO4)5(OH)) and MgO. For tensile strength, UHMWPE/ct-dolomite composites show better tensile strength than the pure UHMWPE composites. Treated improve the dolomite filler and resulted in significantly better matrix-filler interfacial interactions and improve the properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To study the key determinants of chronically high inflation in Iran. Design/methodology/approach: Relying on annual data from 1978 to 2019, the authors employ an Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model and Error Correction Model (ECM) to study the inflationary effects of monetary and fiscal policies as well as exchange rate swings and sanctions intensification. Findings: The authors find that increase in money supply, depreciation of nominal exchange rate, increase in fiscal deficit and intensification of sanctions are among the key drivers of inflation in Iran. Their impact is profound in the long run, but in the short run only money supply and currency depreciation are significant. Also, when exploring the inflation in different components of Consumer Price Index (CPI), we find robust long- and short-run effects from money supply and exchange rate, while the effects of fiscal deficit and sanctions vary across different components. Originality/value: The authors contribute to the literature by setting apart the long-vs short-run effects of key variables on inflation in Iran. The authors also employ improved measures of fiscal deficit and sanctions that are shown to be of significance in the long run. Lastly, the authors go beyond the aggregate index and examine the variations in different CPI components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different protein sources with different degradability ratios during late gestation of ewes on colostrum composition, and its IgG concentration, body weight change of dams, and birth weight of their lambs. 35 multiparous native crossbred ewes (BW= 59±2.5kg) were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments (7 ewes / treatment) for 2 months prior to lambing. Experimental diets were isonitrogenous (12.27% CP) and isocaloric (2.22 Mcal ME/kg DM). In diet I (the control), solvent extract soybeans (SESM 33% RUP of CP), II feed grade urea (FGU 31% RUP), III slow release urea (SRU 31% RUP). As sources of undegradable protein, extruded expeller SBM-EESM 40 (37% RUP) and extruded expeller SBM-EESM 60 (41% RUP) were used in groups IV and V, respectively. Results showed no significant effect on feed intake, crude protein (CP), or metabolizable energy (ME), and body condition score (BCS). Ewes fed the 37% RUP diet gained more (p<0.05) weight compared with ewes fed the 31% RUP diet (5.62 vs. 2.5kg). Ewes in EESM 60 had the highest levels of fat, protein, total solid, solid not fat, and immunoglobulin and the lowest in urea N content (P< 0.05) in colostrum during the first 24hrs after lambing. Protein source and RUP levels in ewes’ diets had no significant effect (P< 0.05) on lambs’ birth weight and ewes blood biochemical parameters. Increasing the RUP content of diet during late gestation resulted in an increase in colostrum constituents and its IgG level but had no effect on ewes’ performance and their lambs’ outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different protein sources with different degradability ratios during flushing period of ewes on body weight change, reproductive performance, and rumen fermentation parameters. 35 multiparous native crossbred ewes (BW = 54±2.5kg) were randomly allocated to five dietary treatments (7 ewes/treatment) for 3 months. Experimental diets were isonitrogenous (12.27% CP) and isocaloric (2.22Mcal ME)/kg DM. In diet I (control), solvent extracted soybeans (SESM 33% RUP of CP), II feed grade urea (FGU 31% RUP), III slow release urea (SRU 31% RUP). As sources of undegradable protein, extruded expeller SBM-EESM 40 (37% RUP) and extruded expeller SBM-EESM 60 (41% RUP) were used in groups IV and V, respectively. Ewes fed a 37% RUP diet gained more (p<0.05) weight compared with ewes fed a 31% RUP diet (6.71 vs. 2.92kg). Ewes in EESM 40 had the highest twinning percentage, while the urea groups had the highest fertility rate. Protein source and RUP levels in ewes’ diets had no significant effect (P< 0.05) on feed intake, CP, ME, BCS, progesterone level, blood biochemical parameters, and rumen kinetics. In conclusion, the dietary level of RUP (37% of CP) in EESM 40 was the best for producing twins, gaining weight, and having the highest level of progesterone hormone and a lower degree of degradation of branched chain amino acids, while SRU (31% of RUP) had the best fertility rate, which was confirmed by the highest levels of blood glucose and progesterone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role that socioculture plays in promoting sustainable food production and consumption is becoming more widely acknowledged. The fact that socio-culture is now widely acknowledged as one of the primary forces behind sustainable food production and consumption is indicative of this progress. The primary focus of this study is on the sociocultural components of the food production and consumption subsystems in highland communities in the West Sinjai District, Sinjai Regency, South Sulawesi Province. Using a case study methodology, a qualitative approach, comprehensive observation, detailed interviews, documentation, and triangulation as data gathering strategies. so that the highland community's sociocultural reality may be thoroughly observed. The socio-cultural apparatus helps highland people adopt sustainable food production and consumption practices. The socio-cultural apparatus is one of the factors that aids upland people in realizing sustainable food production and consumption. The sociocultural aspect of highland communities' food production places a heavy emphasis on the importance of religious values, community, and collaboration. These ideas are used to food production techniques such as Appada Elo, Appatinro Bine, Passibaling, and Ganre Pare Beru, from clearing the land to harvesting. A strong emphasis is also placed on religious values (serving food to others as a sign of respect and appreciation for their creator and to become closer to their ancestors), the value of community (serving food to others as a symbol of gratitude and appreciation), and prestige values (such as local brown rice varieties) in the sociocultural aspect of food consumption in highland communities. These ideas are embedded in long-standing traditions that protect the sustainability of regional food production and consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the contestation among actors responding to government policies in broiler farming. The research method employed is qualitative. A comprehensive investigation into each actor's characteristics allows for a thorough understanding of unfolding contestation. The study took place in Blitar, East Java, Indonesia. The results indicate three key actors: the integrator farm, the independent farm, and the family farm. An integrator functions as an investor; while an independent consists of breeders with land, resources, and labour. Family farmers are operated by individuals with limited production capacities. The government, aiming to ensure a stable supply of livestock for domestic consumption, utilizes its legislative authority to facilitate investment prospects in Indonesia. Integrator farmers seize this opportunity to dominate broiler arming, compelling their actors to align with their interests. Independent farmers safeguard their interests through collaborative partnerships, whereas family farmers can only express their discontent with the government through protests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION Electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use is gaining popularity among adults. Monitoring e-cigarette-induced respiratory symptoms is crucial for both clinical and regulatory purposes. We systematically reviewed the current literature to understand the prevalence of respiratory symptoms among exclusive e-cigarette users, dual users, and former smokers. METHODS Databases searched included PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, Embase, and Scopus. We included all English-language, empirical quantitative articles that explored the prevalence of e-cigarette-related respiratory symptoms. Random-effects models were utilized in conducting the meta-analyses. The quality of identified studies was evaluated using the NIH Study Quality Assessment Tools. This study is registered with PROSPERO(#CRD42020165973). RESULTS The literature search identified 1240 references. After removing duplicates and screening for eligibility, 168 studies were included in the final review. The majority of included studies reported a wide range of adverse respiratory symptoms. The respiratory symptoms were prevalent among the exclusive e-cigarette users, dual users, and those who switched from combustible cigarettes to e-cigarettes. Further, out of the RCT studies, 5 were rated as good quality, while 3 were rated as fair. Among the observational studies, 24 were rated as good quality, and 9 were rated as fair. The two experimental studies were both rated as fair quality. CONCLUSIONS Continued monitoring of respiratory symptoms among e-cigarette users is warranted. Due to the heterogeneity and inconsistencies among studies, which limit result interpretation and highlight the need for studies assessing causal inference, further research using robust study designs is essential. This will provide clinicians with comprehensive knowledge about the potential respiratory risks of e-cigarette use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]