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A total of 19 fungal species were isolated from the seeds of selected rice varieties (BRRI dhan 90 to BRRI dhan 99) following Tissue planting method and Blotter method. The isolated fungi were Aspergillus niger, A. ochraceus, A. oryzae, A. tamarii, A. terreus, Chaetomium globosum, Cladosporium oxysporum, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides, Corynespora cassiicola, Curvularia lunata, Curvularia soli, Daldinia eschscholtzii, Fusarium solani, Penicillium oxalicum,Penicillium sclerotiorum, Pestalotiopsis guepinii, Pyricularia oryzae and Rhizopus stolonifer. Fourteen fungi were selected for molecular identification. Out of the 19 fungal isolates, 14 were confirmed up to species level through ITS sequence based molecular analysis. Among the isolated fungi Pnicillium sclerotiorum and Curvularia soli are the new record for Bangladesh. Association of Daldinia eschscholtzii with rice seeds is also recorded first time from world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 26 fungal isolates were identified from Aquilaria malaccensis Lam. (Agarwood). Among them Aspergillus flavus Link type-1, Aspergillus flavus Link type-2, Aspergillus niger Tiegh. type. 1, Aspergillus niger Tiegh. type. 2, Aspergillus sp. 1, Aspergillus sp. 2, Alternaria alternata (Fr.) keissl., Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Penicillum digitatum (Pers.) Sacc., Penicillium commune Thom, Penicillum italicum Wehmer, Penicillium sp. 1, Penicillium sp. 2, Penicillium sp. 3, Penicillium sp. 4, Eupenicillium sp. 1, Eupenicillium sp. 2, Sphaeropsis sp. Sacc. and Harknessia sp. Cooke. were identified by morphological analysis and Alternaria tenuissima (Kunze) Wiltshire, Alternaria palandui Ayyangar, Fusarium sporotrichioides Sherb., Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griffon & Maubl., Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae A.J.L. Phillips, A. Alves & Cronus, Diaporthe hongkongensis R.R. Gomes, Glienke & Cronus and Diaporthe perseae (Zerova) R.R. Gomes, Glienke & Cronus were identifed upto genus level by morphological analysis, which were later on identified and confirmed at species level by molecular analysis. Among these isolated fungal species- Alternaria palandui, Diaporthe hongkongensis, Diaporthe perseae and Lasiodiplodia pseudotheobromae have been reported as newly recorded species and Harknessia sp. and Sphaeropsis sp. were reported as new generic records for Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An investigation was carried out from January 2021 to December 2022 to study the lichen flora of Khadimnagar National Park. The present paper deals with 10 new records of lichens, namely, Acanthothecis asprocarpa (A.W. Archer) A.W. Archer, Bacidia absistens (Nyl.) Arnold, Caloplaca cinnabarina (Ach.) Zahlbr., Coenogonium implexum Nyl., Dirinaria leopoldii (Stein) D. D. Awasthi, Echinoplaca campanulata Kalb & Vězda, Metamelanea umbonata Henssen, Pyrgillus javanicus (Mont. & Bosch) Nyl., Ramboldia blastidiata Kantvilas & Elix and Trypethelium ochroleucum (Eschw.) Nyl. Detailed taxonomic description of the newly reported species with photographs are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungal endophytes were isolated from the leaves, stems and roots of two widely used medicinal plants viz., Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Wall. ex Nees and Centella asiatica (L.) Urban. A total of 28 endophytic fungi were identified based on morphological and molecular analyses. The identified fungi were: Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresen., A. niger Tiegh., A. terreus Thom, Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum sp., Curvularia chonburiensis (ibpromma & K.D. Hyde, C. hominis Da Cunha, Madrid, Gené & Cano, C. lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, C. lycopersici Tandon & Kakkar, Curvularia sp., Fusarium falciforme (Carrión) Summerb. & Schroers, F. phaseoli (Burkh.) T. Aoki & Donnell, F. solani (Mart.) Appel & Wollenw, F. udum (Berk.) Wollenw, Fusarium sp., Lasiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Gri. & Maubl., Monodictys paradoxa (Corda) Hug., M. putredinis (Wallr.) Hug., Penicillium commune Thom, P. chrysogenum Thom, P. oxalicum Currie & Thom, Penicillium sp. 1, Penicillium sp. 2, Penicillium sp. 3, Penicillium sp. 4, Scytalidium lignicola Pesante and Talaromyces trachyspermus (Shear) Stolk & Samson. Among them Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. terreus, Cladosporium sp., Colletotrichum sp. and Penicillium sp. 1 were isolated from both the plants. Curvularia chonburiensis, C. hominis, C. lycopersici, Fusarium falciforme, F. phaseoli, Monodictys paradoxa, Penicillium commune and Scytalidium lignicola were found to be new records for Bangladesh. Findings of this study will be helpful for better understanding of endophytic fungal diversity and the species richness in those medicinal plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 14 varieties (CB1-CB14) of cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seeds were collected from Cotton Research, Training and Seed multiplication Farm, Sreepur, Gazipur to detect and identify the seed borne fungi by morphological and molecular techniques. The sequence results obtained using the ITS1 and ITS4 primers were compared with NCBI GenBank and BOL database using BLAST analysis. In the present investigation, a total of 29 fungal isolates were morphologically identified from different varieties of cotton seeds, of which 19 fungal isolates were identified by molecular techniques. Among the isolated fungi, Aspergillus subramanianii, A. toxicarius, A. wentii, Penicillium aculeatum, P. citrinum, Rhizomucor sp. and Meyerozyma guilliermondii have been reported as new records for Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat blast, caused by Pyricularia oryzae pathotype Triticum, is one of the most notorious diseases of wheat. In this study, a total of twenty-four monoconidial isolates representing four major wheat blast affected districts, namely Chuadanga, Meherpur, Kustia and Jhenaidah of Bangladesh were analyzed. Eight RAPD and four ISSR primers being used for genetic diversity assay produced a total of 94 bands of which 85% were polymorphic. UPGMA dendrogram based on combined dataset (RAPD and ISSR) separated all the isolates into two main clusters having similarity ranged from 64 to 93%. Principal coordinate analysis showed congruent result with cluster analysis. However, clustering of the isolates according to their origin and plant part sampled was not apparent in the dendrogram. The genetic diversity indices unveiled that genetic diversity in P. oryzae populations is low. Average Nei's gene diversity (h) and Shannon’s Information Index (I) calculated for isolates from each district were found 0.16 and 0.24, respectively. The population structure analysis of the isolates revealed the presence of two sub-populations with admixture of alleles. Analysis of molecular variance indicated that significantly higher level of variation (96%) in the population was present within districts while a relatively low proportion (4%) of the variation was detected among districts. Knowledge generated in this study will give a pace in the development of appropriate wheat blast management strategies to control this disease in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a protocol for monoconidial isolation of Pyricularia oryzae from infected field samples has been illustrated. This technique is based on tapping bunch of conidia on 3% water agar medium and then transferring a single germinating conidium in fresh Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) medium following 24 hours of incubation. This protocol allows to easily locate single conidial sites, greatly shortened overall time per isolation and remarkably lowered contamination rate during isolation. Moreover, it is more convenient and effective method for the monoconidial isolation of Pyricularia oryzae that can be exploited in less funded laboratories working with this pathogen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fifteen fungal species representing 12 genera were found to be associated with leaf spot and anthracnose diseases of Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth. ex Kurz. which were collected from different habitats of Bangladesh. Fungi were isolated following 'tissue planting' and 'blotter' method. The isolated fungi were Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Aspergillus flavus Link ex Fr., A. niger van Tieghm, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Fusarium sp.1. Fusarium sp. 2, Macrophoma sp., Nigrospora sphaerica (Sacc.) Mason, Penicillium digitatum Saccardo, Penicillium italicum Whemer, Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stay, Pseudocercospora libenbergii (Syd.) Deighton, Rhizopus stolonifera Vuillemin. Toney, Trichoderma viride Pers. During the present investigation, Pseudocercospora libenbergii is a new record for Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eighty three species of anamorphic fungi under 20 genera belonging to Moniliaceae, Tuberculareaceae and Stilbelaceae found in Bangladesh from 1952 till date are enlisted. The alphabetical checklist of the genera is provided herewith. Further updates will be added in the subsequent versions of the publication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ten pathogenic fungi of Deuteromycetes were isolated from seven angiospermic hosts such as pointed gourd, tomato, rice, wheat, maize, chickpea and jute. Morphological characterization and molecular analyses were performed for accurate identification of the isolated pathogenic fungi. The sequence results obtained using the ITS1 and ITS4 primers were compared with NCBI GenBank and BOL database using BLAST analysis. Fusarium chlamydosporum and Penicillium pinophilum are recorded first time from Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four soil fungi were isolated from the soil by serial dilution and were identified as Aspergillus flavus Link, A. fumigatus Fresenius, A. niger van Tieghem and Trichoderma viride Pers. The soil fungi were selected to evaluate their antagonistic potential against seed borne fungus Fusarium merismoides isolated from sesame. In dual culture colony interaction Trichoderma viride showed the highest (45.88%) growth inhibiting effect on F. merismoides followed by A. niger (40.00%), A. flavus (36.37) and A. fumigatus (30.77%). Volatile metabolites from T. viride showed the highest growth inhibiting effect on F. merismoides (67.69%) and non-volatile metabolites from T. viride showed the highest growth inhibiting effect on F. merismoides (75.00%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five species of Bipolaris and two species of Drechslera associated with leaf blight disease of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) have been described. The associated fungi were Bipolaris cynodontis (Marig.) Shoemaker, B. oryzae (Breda De Haan) Shoemaker, B. sorokiniana (Sacc.) Shoemaker, B. tetramera (Mckinney) Shoemaker, B. victoriae (Meehan & Murphy) Shoemaker, Drechslera dematioidea (Bub. & Wrob.) Subram. & Jain and D. hawaiiensis (Bugnicourt) ex M.B. Ellis; Subram. & Jain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five fungicides viz., Autostin 50 WDG, Dithane M 45, Greengel 72 WP, Ridomil Gold MZ 68 WG and Tilt 250 EC exclusively were tested against three pathogenic fungi viz., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., Fusarium nivale (Fr.) Ces. and Fusarium sp. associated with Carica papaya L. following poisoned food technique. At 100 ppm Autostin showed complete growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides, F. nivale and Fusarium sp., while Tilt 250 EC showed complete growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides at the same concentration. These fungicides at 400 and 500 ppm showed complete growth inhibition of F. nivale. Tilt 250 EC showed complete growth inhibition of Fusarium sp. at 300, 400 and 500 ppm. Eight plants extract, viz., Adhatoda vasica, Azadirachta indica, Curcuma longa, Ocimum sanctum, Lantana camara, Tagetes erecta, Thuja orientalis and Vitex negundo were also tested for their efficacy at 5, 10, 15 and 20% concentrations against these pathogenic fungi. Out of the eight plant extracts, Ocimum sanctum showed highest (88.57%) radial growth inhibition of C. gloeosporioides at 20% concentration. Curcuma longa showed highest (88.55%) radial growth inhibition of F. nivale and Adhatoda vesica showed highest (80.02%) radial growth inhibition of Fusarium sp. at the same concentrations. The present investigation suggests Autostin 50 WDG and Tilt 250 EC as best inhibiting chemical fungicides for C. gloeosporioides, F. nivale and Fusarium sp. Extracts of O. sanctum, C. longa and Adhatoda vesica were found to be superior to other plant extracts tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Earlier biodiversity explorations of Bangladesh have led to enumeration of varied flora and fauna. However, fungi being an important biodiversity component, and especially, the mycoflora having potential of impacting human economy and food security, present understanding is needed to make vision for the future. In this regard, past works (1952-2017) on fungi reported from Bangladesh were studied. Two hundred and ten species of anamorphic fungi under 51 genera of the family Dematiaceae are enlisted. The alphabetical checklist of the genera is provided herewith. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five plant extracts and two chemicals were evaluated against radial growth of five pathogenic fungi isolated from fresh vegetables of two varieties of Momordica charantia L. The isolated fungi were Aspergillus niger Van Tiegh, Curvularia brachyspora Boedijn, Fusarium Link, Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb.:Fr.) Vuill and Trichoderma viride Pers.. Five plant extracts namely Allium sativum L., Azadirachta indicia A. Juss., Citrus limon (L.) Burm. f, Mangifera indica L. and Psidium guajava L. were evaluated for inhibiting growth of above mentioned fungi associated with the vegetable. Out of the five plant extracts, A. sativum showed complete radial growth inhibition of A. niger, C. brachyspora, Fusarium sp. and R. stolonifer at 15 and 20% concentrations. Azadirachta indica showed complete radial growth inhibition of C. brachyspora and Fusarium sp. Rhizopus stolonifer was completely inhibited by 15 and 20% concentration owing to leaf extract of A. indica and P. guajava. The same fungus was completely inhibited by M. indica at 20% concentration. Fusarium sp. was completely inhibited by C. limon at 20% concentration. Two chemicals, sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride were used against the test pathogens and sodium bicarbonate showed complete inhibition of radial growth of A. niger, C. brachyspora, Fusarium sp. and R. stolonifer at 20% concentration. The last one also inhibited by the chemical at 15% concentration. Sodium chloride showed highest 95% inhibition of radial growth of T. viride at 20% concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Eleven species of anamorphic fungi associated with anthracnose and fruit rot symptoms of Momordica cochinchinensis (Lour.) Spreng. (Ban Kakrol) have been described. The associated fungi were Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., C. orbiculare (Berk. & Mont.) Arx., Corynespora cassiicola (Berk. & Curt.) Wei, Curvularia clavata Jain, Dendryphiella vinosa (Berk. & Curt.) Reisinger, Fusarium moniliforme J. Sheld., Lasidiodiplodia theobromae (Pat.) Griff. & Maubl., Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stey., Penicillium digitatum Sacc. and Xylohypha pinicola D. Hawksw. Xylohypha pinicola is a new record for Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stay an anamorphic fungus belonging to the class Celomycetes was isolated from Bipolaris leaf blight (BpLB) infected wheat leaf of two wheat varieties namely, Balaka and Saurab during the period of February to March, 2011. Association of Pestalotiopsis guepinii with wheat is a new record. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of nine species of fungi were found to be associated with seeds of nine varieties of chickpea. The isolated fungi were Alternaria alternata, Aspergillus flavus, A. niger, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, Curvularia lunata, Penicillium sp., Rhizopus stolonifer and Trichoderma viride. Association of fungi with chickpea seeds was recorded three times, within a week after harvest, after two and five months of storage. The fungal association varied with duration of storage period. Species of Aspergillus, Penicillium and Rhizopus become predominating fungi with increase of the storage period. The fungal association with seeds of chickpea also affects germination, seedling mortality and seedling height. Germination of BARI chola 6 and 7 were completely inhibited due to prevalence of Rhizopus stolonifer in the seeds examined within seven days of harvest. The total fungal infection in chickpea seeds was highest in BARI chola 8 (168) and lowest in BARI chola 1 (65). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungal diseases of cotton plant (Gossypium hirsutum L.) were studied during July, 2011 to June, 2012. Eleven cotton varieties were selected for the experiment. Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Aspergillus niger van Tiegh, Colletotrichum gossypii Sowthworth, Colletotrichum dematium (Pers.) Grove, Curvularia clavata Jain, Fusarium sp., Gleotrichum sp., Hyalopycnis sp., Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stay, and a sterile fungus were isolated from infected leaves of cotton varieties CB6 and CB11. Colletotrichum gossypii was isolated from both the varieties and C. dematium was exclusively isolated from CB6. Varieties CB6 and CB11 were more susceptible than other varieties. Cotton varieties CB1, CB2, and CB3 showed negligible infection on leaves and bolls. Colletotrichum gossypii and Hyalopycnis sp. are new record for Bangladesh. Moreover, association of C. dematium, Gleotrichum sp., P. guepinii and Hyalopycnis sp. with cotton is being reported first time. The three fungi Colletotrichum. gossypii, C. dematium and Hyalopycnis sp. are described and illustrated in this account as new Deuteromycetous records for Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two types of symptoms, namely anthracnose and blight were recorded on Houttuynia cordata Thunb. during the period of April to December 2013. The isolated fungi from the diseased plants were Alterneria alternata (Fr.) Keissler and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc. Five fungicides viz., Bavistin DF, Dithane M-45, Indofil, Salcox 50 WP and Tall 25 EC were evaluated against the pathogenic fungi at 100, 200, 300, 400 and 500 ppm concentrations. Tall 25 EC was found most efficient inhibitor of the test fungi followed by Bavistin, Indofil, Dithane M-45 and Salcox. In vivo treatment Tall 25 EC was found most effective in controlling the diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Five types of symptom were recorded on two varieties of rose plant. The symptoms were Black spot, Leaf spot1, Leaf spot2, Blight and Anthracnose. The study revealed the presence of 20 species of fungi belonging to 17 genera. The isolated fungi were Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Arthrinium saccharicola Stevenson, Aspergillus flavus, Link., A. niger van Tiegh., Botrytis allii Munn, Cercospora sp., Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) de Vries, C. oxysporum Berk. & Curt., two species of Colletotrichum, Curvularia brakyospora Boedijn, Curvularia pallescens Boedijn, Fusarium sp., Epicoccum purpurascens Ehreneb ex Schlecht; Link, Gibberella sp., Marssonina rosea (Lib.) Died, Nigrospora sphaerica (Sacc.) Masson, Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stay. with its two culture types, Penicillium sp., Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb. Ex. Fr) Vuill. and Trichoderma viride Pers. ex Fries. The frequency (%) of association of P. guepinii was higher than any other fungi. Pestalotiopsis guepinii and its two culture types were found to be pathogenic to rose plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aeromycoflora in relation to occurrence and prevalence, their seasonal variation and distribution of fungal spores in air was studied from October, 2010 to September, 2011. During the study a total of 31 fungal species belonging to 18 genera of fungi were isolated and identified. Total fungal colony count was 2308. The highest occurrence and prevalence of fungi was contributed by Aspergillus niger 1075 colonies, Penicillium spp. 582 colonies, Aspergillus fumigatus 167, A. flavus 112 colonies, Rhizopus sp. 121 colonies, Candida spp. 39 colonies, Chladosporium spp. 36 colonies, Syncephalestrum sp. 25 colonies, and Fusarium spp. 14 colonies. Lowest colony count was recorded one, in Aspergillus ustus, Drechslera sp., Nigrospora sp. and Ulocladium sp. Maximum fungal pollutants were found 339 in July, 2010 at temperature 27.12?C and moisture 84.2% during the wet and rainy days and declined in January, 2011 when temperature and moisture label decreased to 20.26?C and 59.5%, respectively. Highest colony density was recorded in July, 2011, it was moderate in February and March, 2011. Lowest colony density was recorded in January and May, 2011. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two types of symptoms, blight and anthracnose, were recorded on two species of Gerbera viz. Gerbera aurantiaca L. and Gerbera viridifolia L. The most common fungal species isolated from Gerbera spp. were Alternaria citrii, A. tennuisssima, Aspergillus flavus, A. fumigatus, A. niger, A. terreus, Bipolaris hawaiiensis, Chaetomella raphigera, Cladosporium cladosporoides, Colletotrichum capsici, C. coffeanum, C. dematium, C. gleosporioides, C. lindemuthianum, C. musae, C. orbiculare, Colletorichum sp.1, Colletotrichum sp.2, Colletotrichum sp.3, Colletotrichum sp.4, Curvularia clavata, C. lunata, Fusarium nivale, F. semitectum, Phomopsis sp., Penicillium sp., Pestalotia sp., Rhizopus stolonifer, Trichoderma viride, one cleistothecial ascomycetes and one sterile fungus. The frequency percentage of association of Colletotrichum spp. with Gerbera spp. was higher than any other fungi. Bipolaris hawaiiensis is a new record for Bangladesh. Among the isolated fungi Alternaria citrii, A. tennuissima, Colletotrichum capcisi, C. dematium, C. coffeanum and Curvularia clavata were found to be pathogenic to Gerbera plant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungi associated with leaves of Senna alata (L.) Roxb. (Cassia alata L.) and their pathogenic potentiality have been discussed. A total of 8 species of fungi belonging to 8 genera of Deuteromycetes were found to be associated with S. alata. The fungi were Acromoniella sp., Arthrinium saccharicola Stevenson, Aspergillus niger Van Tiegh, Cladosporium cladosporioides (Fresen.) de Vries, Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., Curvularia lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, Nigrospora sphaerica (Sacc.) Mason, Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stay and unidentified Hyphomycetes, C. gloeosporioides and P. guepinii were found to be pathogenic to S. alata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on the two hyphomycetous fungi such as Monodictys putredinis (Wallr.) Hughes and Stachibotrys atra Corda which were recorded in Bangladesh. It states that the fungi were isolated with Blotter method and was recorded with chayote. It says that Modictys putredinis was shown to be colonies with blackish-brown color and conidiophore cell are not swollen. Meanwhile, stachybotrys atra are colored blackish-green and conidiophores are covered with granules.