247 results on '"SEED stratification"'
Search Results
2. Germination Kinetics of Ferula communis L. Seeds, a Potentially Multipurpose-Use Wild Species.
- Author
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Distefano, Miriam, Avola, Giovanni, Berti, Stefano, and Riggi, Ezio
- Subjects
FERULA ,GERMINATION ,DROUGHT tolerance ,SEED stratification ,SEED dormancy - Abstract
Despite exhibiting intriguing features associated with its multipurpose applications and drought tolerance, Ferula communis remains a wild and uncultivated species, with limited experimental research on its biology, starting from seed germination and extending to its ecology. The purpose of this study was to investigate potential germination and kinetics in F. communis seeds in response to four cold stratification periods (0, 15, 45, and 90 days at a constant temperature of 5 °C) and four temperatures (5, 10, 15, and 20 °C) under continuous darkness. F. communis exhibited a pronounced germination potential exceeding 90%, with the optimal temperature for germination falling within the range of 5 °C to 15 °C, without necessitating cold stratification. A dramatic drop of the germination percentage was observed at 20 °C (<10%), suggesting a form of conditional dormancy attributed to the higher temperature tested. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
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3. Does ash dieback affect the reproductive ecology of Fraxinus excelsior L.?
- Author
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Eisen, Anna-Katharina, Buchner, Lisa, Fussi, Barbara, and Jochner-Oette, Susanne
- Abstract
Forest tree species reproduction is a key factor in maintaining the genetic diversity of future generations and the stability of forest ecosystems. The ongoing ash dieback disease could affect the reproductive ecology of Fraxinus excelsior L. and have a major impact on the quantity and quality of pollen and seeds. In this study, we investigated pollen production and viability of pollen and seeds of ash trees with different health status from 2018 to 2022. Inflorescences were collected from 105 trees (pollen production), pollen from 125 trees (pollen viability), and seeds from 53 trees (seed quality) in two seed orchards and in one floodplain forest in southern Germany. Not all parameters were examined at every site every year. The average pollen production per tree was estimated at 471.2 ± 647.9 billion pollen grains. In addition, we found that a high number of inflorescences did not equate to high pollen production per inflorescence. Pollen production of healthy and diseased trees did not differ significantly, although only 47% of severely diseased male trees (vs. 72% for healthy trees) produced flowers. With regards to pollen viability, the TTC test showed an average viability of 73% ± 17%. Overall, there was a slight tendency for diseased trees to have less viable pollen. However, a significant difference could only be calculated for trees in the floodplain forest. The percentage of germinable seeds in 2018 was 38% in the floodplain forest and 57% in one of the seed orchards. The percentage of viable seeds (TTC test) ranged from 17 to 22% in the orchards in 2020. Non-viable seeds were usually heavily infested by insects. In general, seed quality was not significantly different between healthy and diseased trees. Our results indicate that ash dieback affects flower formation and pollen viability but not pollen production or seed quality. Nevertheless, the fact that hardly any flowering was observed, especially for trees that were seriously affected, suggests a negative effect of ash dieback on reproductive performance. Thus, severely diseased trees will transfer their genes to a smaller extent to the next generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
4. Priming Effects on Germination Parameters of Vulnerable Salvia aramiensis Rech. f. Harvested from Different Locations.
- Author
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BAHADIRLI, Nadire Pelin
- Subjects
GERMINATION ,LAMIACEAE ,DORMANCY in plants ,SEED stratification ,CONTROL groups - Abstract
Copyright of Anadolu (1300-0225) is the property of Anadolu Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2024
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5. The Effect of Different Stratification and Scarification Treatments on Breaking the Dormancy of Saskatoon Berry Seeds.
- Author
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Górnik, Krzysztof, Sas-Paszt, Lidia, Seliga, Łukasz, Pluta, Stanisław, Derkowska, Edyta, Głuszek, Sławomir, Sumorok, Beata, and Mosa, Walid F. A.
- Subjects
BERRIES ,SEED dormancy ,RADIO frequency ,GERMINATION ,FRUIT harvesting ,SEEDS - Abstract
Saskatoon berry has become as important as a commercial fruit crop. One main goal is to release new plant cultivars well adapted to different climatic and soil conditions. Dormant seeds obtained from breeding are serious problems delaying the program. The seeds were directly extracted from fruits after harvest (unstored) or after storage at −18 °C for 6 months (stored) and subjected to modified stratification (3 °C) with KNO
3 , H2 O2 , NO, smoke-water (SW) or scarification using sandpaper or H2 SO4 for 10, 20, 30, 40 min or treatments with pulsed radio frequency (PRF) or red light. The seeds were also subjected to warm–cool stratification (20/3 °C). Unstored seeds germinated in a higher percentage and with better uniformity (T75 –T25 ) than stored seeds. Stored seeds positively affected the onset of seed germination (T1 ) and mean germination time (MGT). Dormancy breakage was promoted by stratification with KNO3 , SW or scarification with sandpaper, H2 SO4 or treatments with PRF. The recommended method for the breeding program of breaking seeds dormancy is when unstored seeds are subjected to stratification in KNO3 (0.2%) or SW (1:100). Depending on the applied methods, the percentage of seeds' germination increased to 87% compared to untreated (64%) control seeds. The positive effects of the selected methods persisted during seedling development by stimulating their growth and enhancing the chlorophyll content index (SPAD) and effective quantum yield of PSII of chlorophyll in leaves (ΦPSII). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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6. Seed Dormancy Release and Germination Requirements of Cinnamomum migao , an Endangered and Rare Woody Plant in Southwest China.
- Author
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Chen, Jing-zhong, Huang, Xiao-long, Xiao, Xue-feng, Liu, Ji-ming, Liao, Xiao-feng, Sun, Qing-wen, Peng, Liang, and Zhang, Lan
- Subjects
SEED dormancy ,RARE plants ,WOODY plants ,ENDANGERED plants ,GERMINATION ,CINNAMOMUM - Abstract
Seed dormancy is a complex adaptive trait of plants that are influenced by several physiological and environmental factors. The endangered plant Cinnamomum migao is also known to exhibit seed dormancy and low germination, which may influence its regeneration; however, these characteristics remain unexplored. To our knowledge, this study is the first to examine the type of dormancy and improve the germination percentage of C. migao seeds. We evaluated the structure and characteristics of the embryo and endocarp of C. migao seeds as well as the effects of endogenous inhibitors. Furthermore, we assessed the effects of light, stratification, alternating temperature, and gibberellic acid 3 (GA
3 ) on the dormancy release of these seeds. The embryo was well developed the endocarp was water-permeable, and no obvious mechanical hindrance to germination was observed. However, the endocarp and embryo contained phenols and other germination inhibitors. The seed extracts of C. migao delayed the germination of cabbage and ryegrass seeds, which indicates the presence of endogenous inhibitors. These findings suggest that C. migao seeds exhibit physiological dormancy. Light and an alternating temperature (15/20°C) did not influence germination. However, GA3 pretreatment, alternating temperatures, and warm stratification relieved dormancy. GA3 pretreatment combined with the 15°C stratification treatment was most effective in rapidly releasing the C. migao seed dormancy. Our findings may facilitate the storage and conservation of this endangered plant, which is currently underrepresented in ex situ collections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. Seed germination in Narcissus yepesii (Amaryllidaceae): clinal variation in the morphophysiological dormancy levels.
- Author
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Copete, Elena, Copete, Miguel A, Ferrandis, Pablo, and Herranz, José M
- Subjects
GERMINATION ,SEED dormancy ,PLANT life cycles ,AMARYLLIDACEAE ,MOUNTAINS ,DAFFODILS ,SEED storage - Abstract
Seed dormancy classes determine both population and species-level processes which can be crucial in the life cycle of many plants. However, there are no studies of a dormancy cline between levels of morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). We aimed to determine the class of seed dormancy of Narcissus yepesii exhibits in order to explore links between different dormancy levels, previously characterized in two closely related phylogenetic congeners, N. alcaracensis and N. longispathus. Experiments were carried out under both near-natural temperature and controlled laboratory conditions. The parameters calculated were mean embryo length, radicle and shoot emergence percentages. The effects of different periods of storage; and different periods with or without GA
3 of warm, cold or warm plus cold were analysed. The Narcissus populations from the Baetic System of mountain ranges in south-eastern Spain show clinal variation in a northeast–southwest gradient from intermediate to non-deep complex MPD, through the coexistence of intermediate and non-deep complex MPD in N. yepesii (21 % and 74 %, respectively). In addition, 54 % of stored seeds were able to show both levels of MPD. Narcissus yepesii occupies an intermediate position between N. alcaracensis and N. longispathus in the geographical distribution and in the clinal germination ranges. It strongly suggests an evolutionary gradient, which connects the intermediate complex MPD with the non-deep complex MPD in southern Iberian daffodils. This is the first study showing a gradient in the evolution between levels of MPD. Our results demonstrate a cline in these levels in response to both an environmental gradient and genetic differences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2020
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8. SEED DORMANCY REMOVAL TREATMENTS AND GERM NAT ON CHARACTER ST CS OF Acer trautvetteri Medvedev SEEDS.
- Author
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Genç, Hanife Erdoğan and Üçler, Ali Ömer
- Subjects
SEED dormancy ,GREENHOUSES ,GERMINATION ,CLIMATE change ,SEED stratification - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Forestry Society of Croatia / Sumarski List Hrvatskoga Sumarskoga Drustva is the property of Forestry Society of Croatia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
9. EFFECTS OF DIFFERENT TREATMENTS ON SEED DORMANCY BREAKING AND GERMINATION IN Acer cappadocicum Gleditsch var. cappadocicum.
- Author
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ERDOĞAN GENÇ, Hanife and ÜÇLER, Ali Ömer
- Subjects
SEED dormancy ,GERMINATION ,MAPLE ,SEED stratification ,SEED harvesting - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Forestry Society of Croatia / Sumarski List Hrvatskoga Sumarskoga Drustva is the property of Forestry Society of Croatia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. Effects of Seed Treatments, Delayed Planting and Groundwater Levels on the Restoration of Sedge Meadows.
- Author
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Van Der Valk, Arnold G. and Baalman, Mitchell A.
- Abstract
Using a complete factorial, randomized block design, the effects of seed density (430 or 860 seeds/m
2 ), seed stratification (stratified, non-stratified), split planting (complete seed mix planted in spring vs. non-aggressive species in spring and aggressive species in fall), and distance to groundwater (−5 or − 30 cm) were studied in a mesocosm complex in central Iowa. All 16 treatment combinations were replicated 5 times for a total of 80 mesocosms. The seed mix sown contained 25 species. At the end of the study, groundwater levels had the greatest effect on species richness, total shoot density, and total biomass. Seed stratification, seed density and delayed planting all had a significant impact on species richness and total shoot density. Delaying the planting of aggressive species significantly increased total shoot densities and biomass of non-aggressive species. Of the 20 species actually found in the mesocosms, 12 had higher shoot densities in the delayed planting, 11 in the high groundwater, 7 in the stratified seed, and 3 in the high seed density treatment. Overall, groundwater level and delayed planting of aggressive species had the largest impact on species diversity and shoot density. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. Effects of cold stratification and chemical treatments on seed germination in four hazelnut cultivars.
- Author
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Bakhtshahi-Dizgahi, Z., Alizadeh, M., Seifi, E., Javadi, D., and Hosseinpour, A.
- Subjects
HAZEL ,GERMINATION ,SEED stratification ,CHEMICALS ,PLANT propagation - Abstract
Propagation of European hazelnut by seed is influenced by some seed treatments. In this investigation, effect of stratification period and some chemicals on seeds of four hazelnut cultivars were studied. GA
3 and four months of stratification, each individually resulted in the highest germination percentage at 82.73% and 83.75%, respectively. There were significant differences between cultivars and treatments in terms of germination percentage and rate. The highest germination percentage and rate were observed in the local cultivar Gerd under GA3 treatment at 100 mg/L and also after four months of stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
12. Improvement of Seed Germination of Date-plum (Diospyros lotus L.) by Physical and Chemical Treatments.
- Author
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Sayyad-Amin, Pegah and Shahsavar, Ali- Reza
- Subjects
SEED stratification ,ROOTSTOCKS ,PERSIMMON - Abstract
Persimmon (Diospyros kaki) is an important subtropical, monoecious, dioeocious and polygamous tree which belongs to Ebenaceae family. Because of low total seed and low viability seed in persimmon, grafting on seedling rootstock is generally used for its propagation. The common rootstock is Diospyros lotus, but its seeds have long dormancy. So, the study was carried out to investigate the effects of stratification (0, 25, 50 and 70 days) at 4- 7°C, scarification with (97%) sulphuric acid (0, 2.5, 5 and7.5 minute) and GA
3 (0, 250, 500 and 750 mgL-1 ) on seed germination of D. lotus. Results showed that the most germination rate was observed in GA3 at 250 mgL-1 . Stratification for 70 days had the most germination percent. The most germination uniformity was observed in GA3 at 500 mgL-1 . In scarification plus stratification, the germination percent was lower than control and stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
13. Bioefficacy of Unitary and Binary Botanical Combinations Against Mexican Bean Weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae).
- Author
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Bayih, Tegegne, Tamiru, Amanuel, and Egigu, Meseret Chimdessa
- Subjects
CHRYSOMELIDAE ,BOTANICAL pesticides ,BINARY mixtures ,BEANS research ,SEED stratification - Abstract
Mexican bean weevil, Zabrotes subfasciatus Boheman, is a significant pest of stored beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) that causes considerable loss in the quality and quantity of bean grain in Africa. In the past two to three decades, researchers have attempted to identify botanicals with better insecticidal potential against storage pests. However, there is a lack of information on the potency of botanical combinations, their toxicology, and optimal application rates. This study was conducted to examine the bioefficacy of unitary and binary botanical combinations of Jatropha curcas (L.), Datura stramonium (L.), Chenopodium ambrosioides (L.), Schinus molle (L.), and Azadirachta indica (A. Juss) against Z. subfasciatus at 1% and 2% w/w dosages. The insecticidal activities of the botanicals were measured based on their effect on adult mortality of Z. subfasciatus and progeny reduction, grain weight loss, and weevil perforation index. Among botanical admixtures, binary combinations of C. ambrosioides + D. stramonium , J. curcas + C. ambrosioides , and S. molle + C. ambrosioides were the most potent. They resulted in the highest mortality of Z. subfasciatus , low weevil perforation index or none, and grain weight loss at the most moderate test dosage (1% w/w). Treatment with C. ambrosioides resulted in the highest efficacy when applied individually. We failed to observe any notable difference in toxicity between dosage levels among the binary botanical combinations. However, the effectiveness of unitary formulations improved with the increase in dosage rate. Application of botanicals did not adversely affect bean seed germination. Our study suggests that botanicals in binary mixtures may enhance the potency of constituent components for effective control of Z. subfasciatus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Polypeptide Alteration During The Cold Stratification In Mazzard Seed.
- Author
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Aras, Servet, Arslan, Emine, Eşitken, Ahmet, and Kılıç, Merve
- Subjects
SEED stratification ,SWEET cherry ,POLYPEPTIDES ,EFFECT of cold on plants ,GERMINATION ,SEED dormancy - Abstract
Many seeds of woody plants require low temperature for germination and that’s called seed dormancy has been investigated for relations of proteins by several researchers. We determined polypeptide profiles of cold-stratified Mazzard seeds. Seeds were studied in five different periods: seeds in dormancy (none stratified), 30, 60, 90 and 120 days cold-stratified. Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS-PAGE) of the soluble protein fractions from stratified and none stratified seeds was utilized for determination of changes in polypeptides. SDS-PAGE revealed a decrease in the concentrations of 14 polypeptides and appearance of four low-molecular weight (15.1, 16.3, 17.8 and 19.4 kDa) polypeptides were determined in 90 and 120 day stratified seeds. The study results exhibited the evidences of the involvement of protein changes in response of Mazzard seeds during cold stratification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Propagation protocol for blue elderberry (Sambucus nigra L. ssp. cerulea (Raf.) Bolli).
- Author
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McDonough, Thomas C., Regan, Donald J., and Nelson, Andrew S.
- Subjects
BLUE elderberry ,SEED stratification ,ADOXACEAE ,GIBBERELLIC acid ,SEED dormancy - Abstract
We present our techniques for producing blue elderberry (Sambucus nigra L. ssp. cerulea (Raf.) Bolli [Adoxaceae]) from seeds at a container nursery in northern Idaho. By applying a gibberellic acid treatment combined with a cold, moist stratification we are able to reliably break seed dormancy and produce an annual crop of seedlings that are 30 cm (12 in) tall with a root collar diameter > 4 mm (0.16 in). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Effect of ionized water and stratification on the condition of Allium ursinum L. seeds.
- Author
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Malinauskaitė, Regina and Šaluchaitė, Aurelija
- Subjects
PLANT propagation ,GARLIC ,GERMINATION ,SEED pathology ,SEED stratification ,MICROFUNGI ,SODIC soils - Abstract
Copyright of Biologija is the property of Lithuanian Academy of Sciences Publishers and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2018
17. Effect of soil moisture during stratification on dormancy release in seeds of five common weed species.
- Author
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Hu, X. W., Ding, X. Y., Baskin, C. C., and Wang, Y. R.
- Subjects
SOIL moisture ,SEED stratification ,SEED dormancy ,SEED physiology ,PLANT species ,GERMINATION - Abstract
Summary: Although the effects of cold stratification on the release of physiological dormancy in seeds have been studied extensively, knowledge of the role of soil moisture content on seed dormancy release during cold stratification is limited. Our study determined seed dormancy characteristics and the effect of soil moisture content on seed dormancy breakage during cold stratification in the five common weed species
Amaranthus retroflexus ,Chenopodium album ,Chenopodium hybridum ,Plantago lanceolata andSetaria glauca . Seeds of all five species were dormant at the time of harvest and their germination response to light and temperature varied. Soil moisture content had a significant effect on seed dormancy release of all species exceptP. lanceolata . Germination percentage ofA. retroflexus ,C. album ,C. hybridum increased and then decreased as soil moisture content increased, regardless of germination test temperature. The optimal soil moisture content and seed moisture content for dormancy breakage ofA. retroflexus ,C. album ,C. hybridum were 8%, 12%, 8% and 22.0%, 37.7%, 25.7% respectively. Dry storage (after‐ripening) significantly increased germination ofS. glauca . Moreover, increasing soil moisture content first slowed and then increased dormancy breakage inS. glauca . These results suggest that data on soil moisture content should be incorporated into models that predict weed seed dormancy breakage and timing of seedling emergence as well as those for weed management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Effect Of Growing Media, Seed Sizes And Stratification On Germination And Subsequent Seedling Growth Of Loquat (Eriobotrya Japonica L).
- Author
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Hama Salieh, Fakhraddin M., Shekh- Marif, Hasan S., and Ahmad, Faraydwn K.
- Subjects
LOQUAT ,PLANT growing media ,EVALUATION of seedlings ,SEED size ,SEED stratification - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Kirkuk University for Agricultural Sciences is the property of Republic of Iraq Ministry of Higher Education & Scientific Research (MOHESR) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2018
19. Habitat-related seed germination traits in alpine habitats.
- Author
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Tudela‐Isanta, Maria, Fernández‐Pascual, Eduardo, Wijayasinghe, Malaka, Orsenigo, Simone, Rossi, Graziano, Pritchard, Hugh W., and Mondoni, Andrea
- Subjects
PLANT species ,HABITATS ,GERMINATION ,SEED stratification ,MOUNTAIN ecology - Abstract
Understanding the key aspects of plant regeneration from seeds is crucial in assessing species assembly to their habitats. However, the regenerative traits of seed dormancy and germination are underrepresented in this context. In the alpine zone, the large species and microhabitat diversity provide an ideal context to assess habitat-related regenerative strategies. To this end, seeds of 53 species growing in alpine siliceous and calcareous habitats (6230 and 6170 of EU Directive 92/43, respectively) were exposed to different temperature treatments under controlled laboratory conditions. Germination strategies in each habitat were identified by clustering with k-means. Then, phylogenetic least squares correlations (PGLS) were fitted to assess germination and dormancy differences between species' main habitat (calcareous and siliceous), microhabitat (grasslands, heaths, rocky, and species with no specific microhabitats), and chorology (arctic-alpine and continental). Calcareous and siliceous grasslands significantly differ in their germination behaviour with a slow, mostly overwinter germination and high germination under all conditions, respectively. Species with high overwinter germination occurs mostly in heaths and have an arctic-alpine distribution. Meanwhile, species with low or high germinability in general inhabit in grasslands or have no specific microhabitat (they belong to generalist), respectively. Alpine species use different germination strategies depending on habitat provenance, species' main microhabitat, and chorotype. Such differences may reflect adaptations to local environmental conditions and highlight the functional role of germination and dormancy in community ecology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Comparative seed germination study across alien grapes ( Vitis, Vitaceae) in Europe.
- Author
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Orsenigo, S, Ardenghi, N M G, Vagge, I, Cauzzi, P, Müller, J V, Mondoni, A, and Bohren, Christian
- Subjects
GERMINATION ,CULTIVARS ,SEED stratification ,INTRODUCED species ,SEED ecology - Abstract
Alien grape ( Vitis, Vitaceae) species and recently described hybrids are recognised as major environmental weeds in southern Europe, based on their tendency to spread into natural and semi-natural habitats, often behaving as invasive species. Despite a high number of agronomic, genetic and phytopathological studies on Vitis cultivars, regeneration from seed has been poorly investigated, although it plays a key role in plant distribution and evolution. To this end, in this study we exposed seeds of eight wild grapes in Europe (three species and five nothospecies, including the native Vitis vinifera), to different temperature treatments in the laboratory. Fresh seeds from all studied taxa were dormant and germinated only after cold and/or warm plus cold stratification, but showing significant differences between the species. Seeds of V. vinifera showed an intermediate complex morphophysiological dormancy, while all other tested Vitis taxa exhibited a deep complex morphophysiological dormancy. Dark conditions reduced the germination percentage in Vitis labrusca, Vitis riparia and V. vinifera and their hybrids, and alternating temperatures elicited the highest germination percentages in all populations. Our results demonstrated for the first time that Vitis hybrids are capable of regeneration by seed, even in the absence of dispersal by animals. The germination processes studied here help understand the current expansion of alien Vitis taxa in Europe outside the viticultural areas. Consequently, germination requirements contribute to a better understanding of the mechanisms underlying alien Vitis taxa establishment and invasion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
21. DETECTION OF SALT TOLERANT HYBRID MAIZE AS GERMINATION INDICES AND SEEDLING GROWTH PERFORMANCE.
- Author
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BAGUM, SHAMIM ARA, BILLAH, MASUM, HOSSAIN, NEELIMA, AKTAR, SHIRIN, and UDDIN, M. SHALIM
- Subjects
SOIL salinity ,PLANT physiology ,ENVIRONMENTAL degradation ,GERMINATION ,SEED stratification - Abstract
Salinity is a major environmental stress factor for crop production and is an extensive limitation for seed germination. A germination test was carried out with four replications and three levels of salt concentrations (0 dS.m-1, 6 dS.m-1 and 12 dS.m
-1 ) in plastic tray under quartz granules. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) indicated that all traits were significance (P < 0.01) for genotypes, treatment and their interaction. Germination percentage (GP), germination speed (GS), germination index (GI), maximum root length (MRL), maximum shoot length (MSL), total dry matter (TDM), and salt tolerance index (STI), seed vigor index (SVI) were all decreased as the level of NaCl was increased. Mean germination time (MGT) and Percent reduction in dry weight over control (ROC%) was increased as the NaCl concentration increased. From the result, it is concluded that 962, Super gold, Kaveri-50, PAC-999, 9120, 900M Gold and C-6485 hybrids would be tolerant while prince articulated as salt sensitive. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2017
22. Effects of cold stratification on the germination of Vaccinium myrtilloides (common blueberry) and Vaccinium vitis-idaea (bog cranberry) seeds from Alberta, Canada.
- Author
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Hudson, Jessica J., Yücel, Çağdaş Kera, Schoonmaker, Amanda L., and Sobze, Jean-Marie
- Subjects
VEGETATION & climate ,PHYTOGEOGRAPHY ,PLANT ecology ,ERICACEAE ,GERMINATION - Abstract
Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. (Ericaceae) and Vaccinium myrtilloides Michx. are important agronomic and ecological species. Several food products are derived from these species throughout Europe and North America, and they are becoming important plants for land reclamation. Several studies have indicated that stratification can be beneficial for the germination of Vaccinium seed species including V. vitis-idaea and V. myrtilloides; however, the recommended stratification lengths vary from 12 wk to 10 mo. This study investigated the optimal time for cold stratification of V. vitis-idaea and V. myrtilloides seeds collected in Alberta, Canada. Seed treatments consisted of unstratified as well as 2, 4, and 8-wk stratification periods. Our results indicate that the 8-wk cold stratification period provided the highest mean germination and uniformity for V. vitis-idaea, but mean germination time was longer compared to the other stratification treatments. Moreover, 8-wk stratified V. myrtilloides seeds showed the lowest average germination percentage and the least amount of synchronization. Similar studies involving V. vitis-idaea presented comparable findings to this study but further studies are required to determine stratification strategies for V. myrtilloides. Further research of V. myrtilloides seed characteristics, such as dormancy, may be beneficial for gaining a better understanding of the effects of stratification on germination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
23. Triangular interplay between ROS, ABA and GA in dormancy alleviation of Bunium persicum seeds by cold stratification.
- Author
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Amooaghaie, R. and Ahmadi, F.
- Subjects
DORMANCY in plants ,ABSCISIC acid ,UMBELLIFERAE ,REACTIVE oxygen species ,PLANT physiology ,SEED stratification - Abstract
Seeds of Bunium persicum (Boiss.) B. Fedtsch. have complex physiological dormancy that can be released by 15 weeks stratification. The present study revealed that cold stratification enhanced content of HO, O and application of GA and ROS donors (Fenton reagent, HO, methylviologen and menadione) did not affect or only slightly promoted the germination of non-stratified, fully dormant seeds. Dormancy was markedly decreased by ROS-generating reagents, GA and fluridone (an inhibitor of ABA biosynthesis) and was enhanced by ROS-decreasing compounds (DMTU, Tiron, SB and DPI), diniconazole (Dinc, an inhibitor of ABA catabolism) and paclobutrazol (PAC, an inhibitor of GA biosynthesis) when dormancy was partially removed by cold stratification. The response to these compounds reduced with increasing time of stratification. ABA inhibited germination by repressing of NADPH oxidase activity and ROS accumulation and conversely, GA triggered germination by promoting an increase of NADPH oxidase activity and ROS levels. Data in this study, for the first time suggest releasing deep complex physiological dormancy by cold stratification is associated with interplay between ROS and ABA/GA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
24. Germination of Corylopsis seeds evaluated by X-ray imaging and cold stratification.
- Author
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JI HEE KIM, KYUNG OK KIM, AE KYUNG LEE, ROH, MARK S., and JEUNG KEUN SUH
- Subjects
CLONORCHIS sinensis ,GERMINATION ,DORMANCY in plants ,SEED stratification ,X-ray imaging - Abstract
Effects of immersing seeds in water and X-ray imagining on germination of Corylopsis seed were investigated. Seeds that sank or floated were collected after immersing in water for 5 min, 4 h or 16 h, and germinated with or without 5°C cold stratification (CS). In C. coreana and C. sinensis var. calvescens, 52% and 89%, respectively, of seeds that sank immediately developed embryos and cotyledons germinated. Germination of C. sinensis var. calvescens seeds that sank after 16 h increased to 45% after the first CS treatment, as compared to 12% without CS. Immersing seeds in water for 16 h to collect full and mostly full seeds is recommended. X-ray imaging coupled with immersion is effective technique to select viable seeds. Dormancy could be partially released by immersing seeds in water for 16 h; however, germination was improved after CS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2017
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25. Germination strategies of two dominant Carex species in a swamp alder forest: implications for restoration.
- Author
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HULÍK, Josef and DOUDA, Jan
- Subjects
CAREX ,GERMINATION ,FOREST plants ,SWAMP ecology ,DORMANCY in plants ,SEED stratification ,PLANT conservation - Abstract
Germination strategy is an essential mechanism that determines plant survival in previously established populations or newly colonised sites. Carex is a group of species that has shown difficulties to germinate experimentally and also many of them failed in order to use in restoration projects. Our aim was to determine whether Carex elata and C. elongata that dominate in vegetation of Central European swamps differ in their germination strategy. We conducted germination experiments with stratified and unstratified seeds of both species to determine: 1) if they are able to germinate fresh, 2) if they exhibit a cyclic dormancy pattern, and 3) if they will germinate from a seed bank. We demonstrate fresh seed germination and no evidence of cyclic dormancy in either species. Stratification did not enhance final germination but it did accelerate germination. Seed bank seeds of both species germinate sparsely. We demonstrate that these coexisting Carex species differ with respect to final germination. The higher germination percentages of the fresh seeds compared to buried and seed bank seeds of both species probably reflect adaptation to fluctuating water-level conditions. In summary, these findings support a strategy of fresh germination in a highly-variable environment. Our study indicates that both C. elata and C. elongata are suitable for restoration projects. Successful establishment and revegetation with C. elongata may result simply from sowing fresh seeds. In contrast, seed sowing, combined with vegetatively produced seedling transplants is essential for the successful restoration of C. elata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Reduction of granular drag inspired by self-burrowing rotary seeds.
- Author
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Wonjong Jung, Sung Mok Choi, Wonjung Kim, and Ho-Young Kim
- Subjects
DRAG reduction ,GRANULAR materials ,PELARGONIUMS ,SEED stratification ,GERMINATION - Abstract
We present quantitative measurements and mathematical analysis of the granular drag reduction by rotation, as motivated by the digging of Erodium and Pelargonium seeds. The seeds create a motion to dig into soil before germination using their moisture-responsive awns, which are originally helical shaped but reversibly deform to a linear configuration in a humid environment. We show that the rotation greatly lowers the resistance of soil against penetration because grain rearrangements near the intruder change the force chain network. We find a general correlation for the drag reduction by relative slip, leading to a mathematical model for the granular drag of a rotating intruder. In addition to shedding light on the mechanics of a rotating body in granular media, this work can guide us to design robots working in granular media with enhanced maneuverability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2017
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- View/download PDF
27. Seed dormancy in Camellia sinensis L. (Theaceae): effects of cold-stratification and exogenous gibberellic acid application on germination.
- Author
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Song, Danping, Jaganathan, Ganesh K., Han, Yingying, and Liu, Baolin
- Subjects
TEA ,SEED dormancy ,EFFECT of gibberellic acid on plants ,GERMINATION ,SEED stratification ,EFFECT of cold on plants ,PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Copyright of Botany is the property of Canadian Science Publishing and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Seed-germination response of Leymus chinensis to cold stratification in a range of temperatures, light and low water potentials under salt and drought stresses.
- Author
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Jixiang Lin, Yujie Shi, Shuang Tao, Xingyang Yu, Dafu Yu, and Xiufeng Yan
- Subjects
SEED stratification ,EFFECT of temperature on plants ,EFFECT of drought on plants - Abstract
Leymus chinensis has important forage value and is considered a useful grass species for grassland restoration in Northeast China. However, little information exists concerning the germination responses of this species to interactions of cold stratification, light, temperature and low water potential caused by salinity and drought. Experiments were conducted in growth chambers, and the results showed that in all conditions of light, temperature and water stresses, the germination percentages of cold-stratified seeds were higher than of non-stratified seeds. Light had an inhibitory effect on germination percentage under both non-saline and salt stress conditions; darkness is beneficial for germination of this species. In addition, seeds germinated much better under alternating temperature regimes than under constant temperatures. Both salt and drought stresses decreased the germination percentage of Leymus chinensis, but the reductions under drought stress were much greater. Moreover, after being transferred to distilled water, most non-germinated seeds under drought stress germinated well, and the total percentage reached that of the non-saline condition level. Therefore, cold stratification is an effective measure to increase seed germination and salt or drought tolerance, especially in darkness. We conclude that Leymus chinensis has definite salt and drought tolerance during the germination stage and it is a promising species for the restoration of deteriorated grassland in Northeast China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2017
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29. Effects of Pre-Stratification Storage Conditions on Black Walnut Seed Post-Stratification Germination Capacity.
- Author
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Flores, Patricia, Poggi, Damián, García, Stella Maris, Catraro, Marcela, and Gariglio, Norberto
- Subjects
WALNUT ,SEED stratification ,FRUIT storage ,GERMINATION ,MOISTURE content of plants - Abstract
The objective of this work was to quantify changes in the germination capacity ofJuglans nigraseeds following storage and then artificial stratification. Seeds were stored at 5 and –20 °C under 5% and 14% internal moisture content (IMC) for 0, 8, 10, and 12 months under conditions with oxygen or under vacuum. Germination percentage (GP) was affected by storage temperature, IMC, and storage period. Seeds stored with 5% IMC succeeded in germinating regardless of the temperature. Seeds stored with 14% IMC did not germinate (–20 °C) or germinated during storage (5 °C). The GP was reduced with the time of storage in seeds at –20 °C and 5% IMC and this effect was avoided in storage under vacuum. In conclusion, the germination capacity of black walnut seeds did not change for up to 12 months at low above-zero temperature and low IMC (5 °C, 5% IMC), being the most cost-effective alternative for long-term storage of black walnut seeds in commercial nurseries. Vacuum storage avoided the decrease of around 50% in average germination capacity of seeds stored for a year at –20 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] more...
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- 2017
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30. HEAT STRESS INFLUENCES DORMANCY IN PEANUT SEEDS (Arachis hypogea L) cv. Khon Kaen 84-8.
- Author
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OPIO, Peter and PHOTCHANACHAI, Songsin
- Subjects
EFFECT of heat on plants ,PEANUT seeds ,GERMINATION ,SEED stratification ,PEANUT growing - Abstract
Peanut is one of the annual crops grown in both arid and semi arid areas whose germination can be affected by high temperatures. The effect of heat stress on seed germination and seedling vigor was investigated. Seeds were kept in sealed laminated aluminium foil bags and exposed to heat stress for 48 h at four temperatures; 27±2°C, 70±5; RH (control: room temperature), 40°C, 50°C, and 60°C. Seed germination and seed vigor decreased significantly as the heat stress temperature increased. The seed moisture content and total abnormal seedlings did not vary among treatments whereas occurrence of deformed seedlings was significant at temperatures greater than 40±1°C. However, 40°C significantly induced dormancy by 31% compared to the control seeds, while heat stress beyond 50°C had detrimental effect on peanut seeds in the form of embryonic death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2016
31. Dormancy and germination responses of kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa) seeds to environmental cues.
- Author
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Windauer, Liliana B., Insausti, Pedro, Biganzoli, Fernando, Benech-Arnold, Roberto, and Izaguirre, Miriam M.
- Subjects
DORMANCY in plants ,GERMINATION ,KIWIFRUIT ,TEMPERATURE effect ,SEED stratification - Abstract
Seed germination of the kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa A. Chev. C.F. Liang and A.R. Ferguson), a deciduous, perennial vine, is low because of seed dormancy. The main purpose of this study was to characterize kiwifruit seed dormancy and germination in response to environmental factors such as temperature and light. Dormancy of hydrated seeds is alleviated by the perception of a period at low temperatures (stratification) of at least 3 weeks at 2 or 5°C. Alleviation of dormancy is accomplished by incubation at fluctuating temperatures (20/30°C). A red light pulse did not affect germination, whereas a far-red light pulse strongly inhibited germination. This inhibition was readily reverted by a second pulse of red light, indicating that phytochromes are also involved in dormancy alleviation. Although seed germination was inhibited by the fruit pulp, the latter prevented neither perception of low temperature nor changes in the light sensitivity of the seeds. Therefore, it can be advanced that kiwifruit seeds will only germinate after dispersal if the time–temperature requirement for dormancy alleviation and fluctuating temperatures for dormancy termination are fulfilled. Perception of a closed canopy might interfere with dormancy termination. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER] more...
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- 2016
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32. Effects of herbivores and litter on Lithocarpus hancei seed germination and seedling survival in the understorey of a high diversity forest in SW China.
- Author
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Hu, Jin-Jin, Luo, Cheng-Chang, Turkington, Roy, and Zhou, Zhe-Kun
- Subjects
SEED stratification ,HERBIVORES ,FOREST biodiversity ,LITHOCARPUS ,FOREST litter - Abstract
Tanoak Lithocarpus hancei (Fagaceae) is one of the dominant species in the high diversity subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forests in SW China. However, seedlings of L. hancei and other oaks are quite rare in the understorey. To investigate the effects of seed (acorn) predation and seedling herbivory by mammals, and litter, on acorn germination and seedling survival of L. hancei in these forests, we set up a 2 × 2 factorial experiment (litter present or removed; ±herbivore exclosures (fences); plus natural control; 5 replications) in the Ailaoshan National Nature Reserve, central Yunnan from 2010 to 2015. Acorns and transplanted seedlings of L. hancei were placed in the four treatments plots and the influence of these treatments on acorn germination and seedling survival was monitored. Fences protected L. hancei acorns and seedlings against herbivory by rodents and other mammals; litter had a positive effect on acorn survival but no effect on seedling establishment. Moreover, those seedlings that escaped herbivory were mostly killed by fungal attack. Our results indicate that while litter and pathogens have some influence, herbivores are probably the major cause of the low frequency of L. hancei seedlings in the understorey. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2016
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33. Efficiency of some Seed Vigor Tests for Field Emergence Prediction of Onion Seed.
- Author
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Yousof, F. I., Ibrahim, Abeer El-Ward A., and Abo EL-Dahab, M. S.
- Subjects
ONIONS ,SEEDS ,GERMINATION ,SEED stratification ,SEEDLINGS - Abstract
Copyright of Journal of Plant Production is the property of Egyptian National Agricultural Library (ENAL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
34. Altitudinal and climatic associations of seed dormancy and flowering traits evidence adaptation of annual life cycle timing in Arabidopsis thaliana.
- Author
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Vidigal, Deborah S., Marques, Alexandre C. S. S., Willems, Leo A. J., Buijs, Gonda, Méndez‐Vigo, Belén, Hilhorst, Henk W. M., Bentsink, Leónie, Picó, F. Xavier, and Alonso‐Blanco, Carlos
- Subjects
SEED dormancy ,ARABIDOPSIS thaliana ,PLANT life cycles ,PLANT reproduction ,FLOWERING of plants ,SEED stratification - Abstract
The temporal control or timing of the life cycle of annual plants is presumed to provide adaptive strategies to escape harsh environments for survival and reproduction. This is mainly determined by the timing of germination, which is controlled by the level of seed dormancy, and of flowering initiation. However, the environmental factors driving the evolution of plant life cycles remain largely unknown. To address this question we have analysed nine quantitative life history traits, in a native regional collection of 300 wild accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana. Seed dormancy and flowering time were negatively correlated, indicating that these traits have coevolved. In addition, environmental-phenotypic analyses detected strong altitudinal and climatic clines for most life history traits. Overall, accessions showing life cycles with early flowering, small seeds, high seed dormancy and slow germination rate were associated with locations exposed to high temperature, low summer precipitation and high radiation. Furthermore, we analysed the expression level of the positive regulator of seed dormancy DELAY OF GERMINATION 1 ( DOG1), finding similar but weaker altitudinal and climatic patterns than seed dormancy. Therefore, DOG1 regulatory mutations are likely to provide a quantitative molecular mechanism for the adaptation of A. thaliana life cycle to altitude and climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2016
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- View/download PDF
35. The Arabidopsis CROWDED NUCLEI genes regulate seed germination by modulating degradation of ABI5 protein.
- Author
-
Zhao, Wenming, Guan, Chunmei, Feng, Jian, Liang, Yan, Zhan, Ni, Zuo, Jianru, and Ren, Bo
- Subjects
PLANT hormones ,ABSCISIC acid ,SEED stratification ,PROTEASOMES ,NUCLEAR matrix ,PROTEOLYSIS - Abstract
In Arabidopsis, the phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays a vital role in inhibiting seed germination and in postgermination seedling establishment. In the ABA signaling pathway, ABI5, a basic Leu zipper transcription factor, has important functions in the regulation of seed germination. ABI5 protein localizes in nuclear bodies, alongwith AFP, COP1, and SIZ1, and was degraded through the 26S proteasome pathway. However, the mechanisms of ABI5 nuclear body formation and ABI5 protein degradation remain obscure. In this study, we found that the Arabidopsis CROWDED NUCLEI (CRWN) proteins, predicted nuclear matrix proteins essential for maintenance of nuclear morphology, also participate in ABA-controlled seed germination by regulating the degradation ofABI5 protein. During seed germination, the crwn mutants are hypersensitive to ABA and have higher levels of ABI5 protein compared to wild type. Genetic analysis suggested that CRWNs act upstreamof ABI5. The observation that CRWN3 colocalizes with ABI5 in nuclear bodies indicates that CRWNs might participate in ABI5 protein degradation in nuclear bodies. Moreover, we revealed that the extreme C-terminal of CRWN3 protein is necessary for its function in the response to ABA in germination. Our results suggested important roles of CRWNs in ABI5 nuclear body organization and ABI5 protein degradation during seed germination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Important Biological Knowledge for Management of Cooley's Meadowrue ( Thalictrum cooleyi), a Federally Endangered Endemic of Pine Savannas.
- Author
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Fortner, A. Rene, Jolls, Claudia L., and Goodwillie, Carol
- Subjects
ENDANGERED plants ,DIOECIOUS plants ,THALICTRUM ,SAVANNAS ,CONSERVATION plants ,SEED stratification ,SEED dormancy - Abstract
Thalictrum cooleyi (Cooley's meadowrue, Ranunculaceae) is a federally endangered dioecious herb of wet pine savannas of the southeastern United States. We studied aspects of T. cooleyi biology crucial to conservation including its association with woody species, reproduction, and genetic structure in 11 populations in North Carolina and Georgia. Thalictrum cooleyi presence was negatively associated with canopy closure, but positively associated with shrub cover, including wax myrtle Morella cerifera. Deviations from strict dioecy are uncommon in T. cooleyi. Sex ratios differed significantly from 1:1, but despite male-bias in populations, pollen supplementation experiments found evidence for pollen limitation to seed set. Seeds are dormant at maturity. Cold stratification or gibberellic acid can break dormancy. Warm temperatures followed by cold stratification may increase germinability. Germination rates were low, likely due to low seed viability. Thalictrum cooleyi can be propagated vegetatively from caudex and rhizome divisions. AFLP analyses suggested that genetic diversity within and among populations is low. North Carolina and Georgia populations are genetically distinct, yet these limited data do not support hypotheses of separate species status or hybrid swarms. Our work suggests that habitat loss (i.e., transition of open pine savanna to dense forest), pollen limitation of seed set, poor seed viability, and possibly low genetic diversity within populations are major challenges to the recovery of T. cooleyi. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Length of cold stratification period affects germination in green alder (Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. subsp. crispa (Aiton) Turrill) seed collected from northwestern Alberta.
- Author
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Kaur, Jasmeen, Schoonmaker, Amanda L., and Sobze, Jean-Marie
- Subjects
SEED dormancy ,DORMANCY in plants ,EUROPEAN green alder ,SEED stratification ,FORCING (Plants) - Abstract
Alnus viridis (Chaix) DC. subsp. crispa (Aiton) Turrill (Betulaceae), commonly known as green alder or mountain alder, is a boreal shrub used to revegetate disturbed lands because of its ability to persist and flourish in adverse conditions. Cold stratification, as a seed pretreatment, has been effective in breaking the embryo dormancy of green alder seed; however, the recommended duration of cold stratification varies from 0 to 60 d. To determine the optimum time for seed collection and the impact of duration of cold stratification, seed was collected from 3 locations in 2013. One location was chosen for collection of seed over 3 consecutive mo. Seed was subjected to 4 cold stratification treatments at +4 °C (39.2 °F), and we included a non-treated control. Mean germination time was significantly lower with cold-stratified seed than with the non-stratified seed. Green alder seed showed more rapid and uniform germination when cold stratified for 2 wk or 6 wk as compared to 12 wk of stratification or non-stratified. Germination rate of green alder seed was similar over a 3-mo collection period from late summer to fall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Assessing tree germination resilience to global warming: a manipulative experiment using sugar maple (Acer saccharum).
- Author
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Solarik, Kevin A., Gravel, Dominique, Ameztegui, Aitor, Bergeron, Yves, and Messier, Christian
- Subjects
GLOBAL warming ,GERMINATION ,SUGAR maple ,PLANT reproduction ,TEMPERATURE of plants ,REGENERATION (Botany) ,SEED stratification - Abstract
A climate warming of 2-5°C by the end of the century will impact the likelihood of seed germination of sugar maple (Acer saccharum), a dominant tree species which possesses a restricted temperature range to ensure successful reproduction. We hypothesize that seed origin affects germination due to the species' local adaptation to temperature. We tested this by experimentally investigating the effect of incubation temperature and temperature shifting on sugar maple seed germination from seven different seed sources representing the current species range. Survival analysis showed that seeds from the northern range had the highest germination percentage, while the southern range had the lowest. The mean germination percentage under constant temperatures was best when temperatures were ≤5°C, whereas germination percentages plummeted at temperatures ≥11°C (5.8%). Cool shifting increased germination by 19.1% over constant temperature treatments and by 29.3% over warm shifting treatments. Both shifting treatments caused earlier germination relative to the constant temperature treatments. A climate warming of up to +5°C is shown to severely reduce germination of seeds from the southern range. However, under a more pronounced warming of 7°C, seed germination at the northern range become more affected and now comparable to those found from the southern range. This study states that the high seed germination percentage found in sugarmaple at the northern range makes it fairly resilient to the warmest projected temperature increase for the next century. These findings provide forest managers with the necessary information to make accurate projections when considering strategies for future regeneration while also considering climate warming. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Seed longevity and dormancy state in a disturbance-dependent forest herb, Ageratina altissima.
- Author
-
Redwood, Mame E., Matlack, Glenn R., and Huebner, Cynthia D.
- Subjects
SEED dormancy ,HERBS ,SEED viability ,GERMINATION ,SEED stratification - Abstract
Does seed dormancy allow disturbance-oriented forest herbs such as Ageratina altissima to persist in heterogeneous natural communities? To document seed longevity and dormancy state, Ageratina seeds were buried in nylon mesh bags in second-growth forest stands in south-eastern Ohio, USA. Bags were recovered at 2-month intervals, and seeds were tested for viability and germinability in the lab. Live seed numbers declined rapidly, with seed banks exhausted in an estimated 33-37 months. Seeds showed a strong dormancy polymorphism, with 71-84% of live seeds germinable between March and July, the season of natural seedling emergence. At other dates, most seeds appeared to be in a state of induced dormancy, allowing little (0-21%) germination. The slope aspect of the burial site, an important factor controlling aboveground vegetation, had no effect on seed longevity or dormancy condition. Dormancy in Ageratina appears to be adapted to allow opportunistic germination in late spring-early summer, but to prevent germination in less benign periods. Seed longevity is shorter than the natural frequency of gaps in mesophytic forest. We conclude that a long-term dispersal/dormancy trade-off is probably an oversimplification of the spatial ecology of this species. The primary function of dormancy appears to be short-term tracking of seasonal variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Non-deep simple morphophysiological dormancy in seeds of the rare Alpinia galanga: a first report for Zingiberaceae.
- Author
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Baradwaj, R. G., Rao, M. V., Baskin, Carol C., and Kumar, T. Senthil
- Subjects
SEED dormancy ,ALPINIA ,ZINGIBERACEAE ,GERMINATION ,SEED stratification ,SEED development - Abstract
Little information is available on seed dormancy of members of the Zingiberales and especially the Zingiberaceae. Our aim was to investigate the dormancy breaking and germination requirements of Alpinia galanga in vitro with a minimum number of seeds, using the move-along experiment. The mass of imbibed seeds increased by 17.5% in 1 d, showing that seeds were water permeable. The best germination in the move-along experiment (86.7%) was obtained when seeds were exposed to the sequence of temperature regimes that began with winter (20/10°C), and seeds began to germinate after 6 weeks at this temperature regime. Seeds dry stored for 4 months and then incubated at the sequence of temperature regimes that began with summer (30/20°C) started germinating in the sixth week at this temperature regime and had germinated to 93.3% after 18 weeks. Seeds kept dry for 4 months and then treated with 50 mg l
-1 gibberellic acid (GA3 ) began to germinate at 30/20°C after 2 weeks. Control seeds incubated continuously at 20/ 10, 25/15 or 30/20°C germinated to 80.6, 77.8 and 60.0%, respectively. When incubated at 15, 20, 25 or 30°C, the ideal temperature for embryo growth was 20°C. Since GA3 and dry storage can break non-deep physiological dormancy and embryos grew during warm stratification, seeds of A. galanga have nondeep simple morphophysiological dormancy (MPD). This is the first report of non-deep simple MPD in the Zingiberaceae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. A regression model for pooled data in a two-stage survey under informative sampling with application for detecting and estimating the presence of transgenic corn.
- Author
-
Montesinos-López, Osval A., Eskridge, Kent, Montesinos-López, Abelardo, Crossa, José, Cortés-Cruz, Moises, and Dong Wang
- Subjects
REGRESSION analysis ,TRANSGENIC plants ,CORN ,SEED stratification ,SIMULATION methods & models - Abstract
Group-testing regression methods are effective for estimating and classifying binary responses and can substantially reduce the number of required diagnostic tests. However, there is no appropriate methodology when the sampling process is complex and informative. In these cases, researchers often ignore stratification and weights that can severely bias the estimates of the population parameters. In this paper,we develop group-testing regression models for analysing two-stage surveys with unequal selection probabilities and informative sampling. Weights are incorporated into the likelihood function using the pseudo-likelihood approach. A simulation study demonstrates that the proposed model reduces the bias in estimation considerably compared to other methods that ignore the weights. Finally, we apply the model for estimating the presence of transgenic corn in Mexico and we give the SAS code used for the analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Biogenic green synthesis of monodispersed gum kondagogu (Cochlospermum gossypium) iron nanocomposite material and its application in germination and growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata) as a plant model.
- Author
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Raju, Dugyala, Mehta, Urmil J., and Sashidhar Rao Beedu
- Subjects
MUNG bean ,COTTON ,NANOCOMPOSITE materials ,SEED stratification ,IRON - Abstract
An eco-friendly green and one-pot synthesis of highly monodispersed iron (Fe) nanoparticles (NPs) by using a natural biopolymer, gum kondagogu (GK) as reducing and capping agent is proposed. The NPs synthesised were characterised by ultra-violet-visible spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction. As the concentration of gum and time increases, the intensity of NPs formation increased. The NPs were highly monodispersed with uniform circular shapes of 2-6 nm in size. The formed NPs were crystalline in nature which was confirmed by diffraction analysis. The conversion ratio of Fe ionic form to NPs was 21% which was quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectroscopy (ICP-MS). Fe is essential for plant growth and development. A study was conducted to examine the effect of these NPs on the growth of mung bean (Vigna radiata). The radical length and biomass was increased in seeds exposed to Fe NPs than the ions. The uptake of Fe NPs by the sprouts was also quantified by ICP-MS, in which Fe was more in mung bean seeds exposed to NPs. The α-amylase activity was increased in the seeds exposed to NPs. The observed increase in the biomass by Fe NPs and seed germination may facilitate its application in the agriculture as an important cost-effective method for plant growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Synthesis and characterisation of metal nanoparticles and their effects on seed germination and seedling growth in commercially important Eruca sativa.
- Author
-
Zaka, Mehreen, Abbasi, Bilal Haider, Rahman, Latif-ur, Shah, Afzal, and Zia, Muhammad
- Subjects
METAL nanoparticles ,SEED stratification ,GERMINATION ,POLYOLS ,METABOLITES - Abstract
The synthesis, characterisation and application of metal nanoparticles have become an important and attractive branch of nanotechnology. In current study, metallic nanoparticles of silver, copper, and gold were synthesised using environment friendly method (polyols process), and applied on medicinally important plant: Eruca sativa. Effects of application of these nanoparticles were evaluated on seed germination frequency and biochemical parameters of plant tissues. Seeds of E. sativa were germinated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium incorporated with various combinations of nanoparticles suspension (30 μg/ml). Phytotoxicity study showed that nanoparticles could induce stress in plants by manipulating the endogenous mechanisms. In response to these stresses, plants release various defensive compounds; known as antioxidant secondary metabolites. These plants derived secondary metabolites having a great potential in treating the common human ailments. In the authors study, small-sized nanoparticles showed higher toxicity levels and enhanced secondary metabolites production, total protein content, total flavonoids content and total phenolics content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Using smoke-water and cold-moist stratification to improve germination of native prairie species.
- Author
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Krock, Sarah, Smith, Sierra, Elliott, Carl, Kennedy, Anita, and Hamman, Sarah T.
- Subjects
SEED stratification ,FORCING (Plants) ,GERMINATION ,VERNALIZATION ,PRAIRIES - Abstract
As the capability of land management agencies to restore degraded habitat at large scales has improved, the availability of native plant materials has become a primary limiting factor in the restoration process. Developing clear protocols for a suite of regionally important restoration species will increase the feasibility and cost effectiveness of native species production on a commercial scale. A full factorial design was used to test a 1:100 smoke-water imbibe treatment coupled with 6 lengths of cold-moist stratification (0, 15, 30, 60, 90, and 120 d) to determine if 10 selected South Puget Sound prairie species have a dormancy that is broken by some combination of these factors. Plant-derived smoke-water is a proven germination cue in other fire-adapted ecosystems; however, smoke-water had a significant influence for only one--Aquilegia formosa Fisch. ex DC. (western columbine; Ranunculaceae)-- of the 10 tested species after the 90-d stratification period. The duration of cold-moist stratification time had a significant effect on 8 of the analyzed species. Of those 8 species, 7 reached a maximum germination rate before the standard protocol guideline of 84-d cold-moist stratification, suggesting that stratification for species with unknown germination requirements may need to be shortened. Stratification times identified here will provide guidance and will improve production efficiency for producers interested in propagating these prairie species for restoration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
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- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
45. Evaluation and Purification of Herbicidal Metabolites Produced by T. longibrachiatum.
- Author
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Kuang Wenfeng, Wang Chengfang, and Mao Weili
- Subjects
TRICHODERMA ,PLANT metabolites ,SEED stratification ,BIOLOGICAL weed control ,COLUMN chromatography - Abstract
Laboratory tests were conducted to screen,purify and evaluate the potential herbicidal metabolites produced by five different Trichoderma species on preventing seed germination( SGe) and shoot / root growth( SGr / RGr) of weeds. The results showed that the inhibiting rates( IR,%) on SGe and SGr / RGr of seedlings with 10% and 20% diluted culture filtrates produced by the strain of Tr673 were significantly higher(P≥0. 05) compared to those produced by the strains of Tr319,Tr347,Tr324 and Tr85. Purification of the metabolites of Tr673 culture filtrate was achieved by using silica gel column chromatography, preparative highperformance liquid chromatography and other methods. Ninhydrin reaction of the hydrolysate and the negative response of purified compound suggested that this compound could be a type of peptaibols. The bioassay with purified compound( 62. 5 mg / L) of Tr673 showed that SGr / RGr rates( %) of the weeds were significantly( P≥0. 05) decreased compared to those with chemical herbicide-glyphosate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2016
46. Arabidopsis WRKY6 Transcription Factor Acts as a Positive Regulator of Abscisic Acid Signaling during Seed Germination and Early Seedling Development.
- Author
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Huang, Yun, Feng, Cui-Zhu, Ye, Qing, Wu, Wei-Hua, and Chen, Yi-Fang
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TRANSCRIPTION factors ,ARABIDOPSIS ,ABSCISIC acid ,SEED stratification ,PHENOTYPES ,IMMUNOPRECIPITATION - Abstract
The phytohormone abscisic acid (ABA) plays important roles during seed germination and early seedling development. Here, we characterized the function of the Arabidopsis WRKY6 transcription factor in ABA signaling. The transcript of WRKY6 was repressed during seed germination and early seedling development, and induced by exogenous ABA. The wrky6-1 and wrky6-2 mutants were ABA insensitive, whereas WRKY6-overexpressing lines showed ABA-hypersensitive phenotypes during seed germination and early seedling development. The expression of RAV1 was suppressed in the WRKY6-overexpressing lines and elevated in the wrky6 mutants, and the expression of ABI3, ABI4, and ABI5, which was directly down-regulated by RAV1, was enhanced in the WRKY6-overexpressing lines and repressed in the wrky6 mutants. Electrophoretic mobility shift and chromatin immunoprecipitation assays showed that WRKY6 could bind to the RAV1 promoter in vitro and in vivo. Overexpression of RAV1 in WRKY6-overexpressing lines abolished their ABA-hypersensitive phenotypes, and the rav1 wrky6-2 double mutant showed an ABA-hypersensitive phenotype, similar to rav1 mutant. Together, the results demonstrated that the Arabidopsis WRKY6 transcription factor played important roles in ABA signaling by directly down-regulating RAV1 expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Effect of botanicals and biofungicide on controlling tikka disease (Cercospora sp.) of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.).
- Author
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Hasan, M. M., Hossain, I., Kashem, M. A., Mondal, M. M. A., Rafii, M. Y., and Latif, M. A.
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LEAF spots ,CERCOSPORA diseases of plants ,PEANUTS ,BOTANICAL fungicides ,SEED stratification ,VITAMIN B1 ,RHIZOBIUM - Abstract
The leaf spot or Tikka disease (Cercospora arachidicola and Cercosporidium personatum) of groundnut (Arachis hypogea L.) is a predominant, devastating and economically important foliar fungal disease and a major yield reducing factor of groundnut, not only in Bangladesh, but also all over the world. The yield loss was calculated in the groundnut variety Dhaka-1 due to early and late leaf spot (Tikka) by over 30-48% in Bangladesh. The efficacy of NLEFS (Azadirachta indica), DebLEFS (Polyalthia longifolia), DLEFS (Datura metel), Trichoderma based biofungicides (BBST, BBFS and BBSFS) along with a check (Bavistin) and control were evaluated in the pot and field research. Among the treatments, BBSFS, NLEFS, DLEFS and DebLEFS showed better performance in controlling leaf spot and increasing pod yield by 53.61, 51.91, 40.85 and 38.72%, respectively as compared to control in the field. In case of seedling germination, BBSFS gave 97.77% germination followed by NLEFS (88.14%), DLEFS (93.33%) and DebLEFS (95.55%). BBSFS produced higher length and weight of shoot and root and vigour index as compared to control. Maximum vigour index was observed under BBFS (1583.88). BBSFS gave higher plant height, number of leaves and minimum number of infected leaves in the pots and field as compared to control. Minimum leaf area diseased was obtained with BBSFS followed by Bavistin in the field. Biofungicide (BBST, BBFS and BBSFS), NLEFS, DLEFS and DebLEFS showed promising performance in number and weight of pods and pod yield in the pots and field. Maximum weight of pods/plant and weight of mature pods/plant was achieved with BBSFS (20.05 g and 18.55 g) followed by NLEFS (19.83 g and 18.22 g). The highest net profit was recorded with the use of BBSFS by Tk. 176768.00/ha followed by NLEFS Tk. 172275.00/ha, BBFS Tk. 168818.00/ha, while the lowest Tk. 96443.00/ha in untreated control. Maximum Benefit-Cost Ratio (BCR) 1: 2.77 was found in BBSFS followed by BBST (1: 2.65), BBFS (1: 2.64) and NLEFS (1:2.62). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. Genome-wide association mapping revealed a diverse genetic basis of seed dormancy across subpopulations in rice (Oryza sativa L.).
- Author
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Auma Magwa, Risper, Hu Zhao, and Yongzhong Xing
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ANGIOSPERMS ,SEED dormancy ,SEED stratification ,HAPLOTYPES ,RICE ,PLANT genomes - Abstract
Background: Seed dormancy is an adaptive trait employed by flowering plants to avoid harsh environmental conditions for the continuity of their next generations. In cereal crops, moderate seed dormancy could help prevent pre-harvest sprouting and improve grain yield and quality. We performed a genome wide association study (GWAS) for dormancy, based on seed germination percentage (GP) in freshly harvested seeds (FHS) and after-ripened seeds (ARS) in 350 worldwide accessions that were characterized with strong population structure of indica, japonica and Aus subpopulations. Results: The germination tests revealed that Aus and indica rice had stronger seed dormancy than japonica rice in FHS. Association analysis revealed 16 loci significantly associated with GP in FHS and 38 in ARS. Three out of the 38 loci detected in ARS were also detected in FHS and 13 of the ARS loci were detected near previously mapped dormancy QTL. In FHS, three of the association loci were located within 100 kb around previously cloned GA/IAA inactivation genes such as GA2ox3, EUI1 and GH3-2 and one near dormancy gene, Sdr4. In ARS, an association signal was detected near ABA signaling gene ABI5. No association peaks were commonly detected among the sub-populations in FHS and only one association peak was detected in both indica and japonica populations in ARS. Sdr4 and GA2OX3 haplotype analysis showed that Aus and indica II (IndII) varieties had stronger dormancy alleles whereas indica I (IndI) and japonica had weak or non-dormancy alleles. Conclusion: The association study and haplotype analysis together, indicate an involvement of independent genes and alleles contributing towards regulation and natural variation of seed dormancy among the rice sub-populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Phosphorus and nitrogen fertiliser use efficiency of wheat seedlings grown in soils from contrasting tillage systems.
- Author
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Armstrong, R., Dunsford, K., McLaughlin, M., McBeath, T., Mason, S., and Dunbabin, V.
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PHOSPHATE fertilizers ,NITROGEN fertilizers ,WHEAT ,SEEDLINGS ,TILLAGE ,SEED stratification ,CROPPING systems ,PHYSIOLOGY - Abstract
Aims: This paper assessed the effect that the vertical stratification of nutrients in conservation cropping systems of Australia has on phosphorus (P) and nitrogen (N) fertiliser use efficiency. Methods: Intact soil cores from two long-term tillage experiments, located on a Vertosol and on a Calcarosol were used to assess if tillage system (zero tillage - ZT vs conventional tillage - CT) and soil water influence fertiliser use efficiency (using P and N) of wheat under controlled growth conditions. Results: Adding P increased shoot growth and P uptake on the Calcarosol, provided the surface remained moist and N was applied. The percentage of plant P derived from fertiliser (Pdff) was greater on the Calcarosol regardless of tillage practice. Pdff increased when the soil remained wet or when N was added. The percentage of N derived from fertiliser (%Ndff) was not affected by tillage practice on the Vertosol but when the soil surface was allowed to dry, it was significantly greater under ZT than CT on the Calcarosol. Adding P increased N fertiliser recovery but tillage practice had no effect. Conclusion: The effect of tillage practice on P and N fertiliser use efficiency depends on soil and topsoil water status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
50. The response of weed community in soybean with conventional and conservation tillage systems on rainfed Vertisols.
- Author
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Blaise, Desouza, Wanjari, Ravi H., Singh, Rakesh K., and Hati, Kuntal M.
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SOYBEAN ,CONSERVATION tillage ,WEED populations ,BIOTIC communities ,DRY farming ,VERTISOLS ,BIODIVERSITY - Abstract
A change in tillage system from conventional to conservation tillage may influence weed population, diversity and weed seed distribution in the soil profile. Therefore, a field study was conducted during 2009 through 2011 to investigate the effects of tillage system. The number of grassy weeds was least in the no-tillage (NT), reduced till (RT) and mould board plough (MB) treatments compared to the conventional till (CT) treatment. More dicot weeds were recorded in the RT and NT plots than the CT. Averaged over seasons, the CT and MB treatments had 17–30% more weed species than RT and NT treatments. Treatments NT, RT and CT had more weed seeds in 0–5 cm soil depth than the MB. The trend in 5–15 cm soil depth was MB > CT > RT = NT. Tillage systems had significant effect on soybean seed yield in one of the 3 years. Averaged over years, the CT treatment had the lowest seed yield (458 kg ha−1), significantly lower than the MB and RT treatments (522–550 kg ha−1). Seed yields were lower with one (452 kg ha−1) than two (566 kg ha−1) weeding operations. Our results indicate conservation till systems as a suitable option for soybean grown on Vertisols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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