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Aim: This study aimed to demonstrate and evaluate the expression of stromal myofibroblasts (MFs) and epithelial cell proliferation using a-smooth muscle actin (a-SMA) and Ki67 markers, respectively, in odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) and orthokeratinized odontogenic cyst (OOC) to correlate their aggressive behavior. Materials and Methods: Twenty cases of OKC and twenty cases of OOC were stained with a-SMA and Ki67 markers for demonstration of stromal MFs and epithelial cell proliferation, respectively, and ten cases of well-differentiated squamous cell carcinoma were used as positive control. Assessment of the number of a-SMA-positive stromal cells and Ki67-positive epithelial cells determined by MFs and proliferative epithelial cell frequency in 10 high-power fields (×400) was presented as the mean number of positive cells per field. Statistical Analysis: Kruskal-Wallis and Mann-Whitney test were used to analyze the difference in the mean number of a-SMA- and Ki67-positive cells per field between OKC and OOC. Results: The mean number of positively stained cells for α-SMA and Ki67 is significantly higher in OKC compared to OOC. Conclusion: Impression is that, the different behaviors of these two entities are compatible with their immunohistochemical view. The high value of stromal MFs and proliferative epithelial cells in OKC in comparison to OOC indicates its aggressiveness and potential for recurrence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To investigate the use of the GuideLiner 'mother-and-child' guide catheter extension system as a simple solution to facilitate initial device delivery in balloon uncrossable chronic total occlusions (CTOs) undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Background During PCIs for CTO lesions, an important reason for procedural failure is the inability to deliver a balloon or microcatheter across the lesion. Methods We retrospectively accessed our interventional registry for 07/01/2010 to 03/21/2012 and extracted data on all CTO lesions involving GuideLiner catheter use. Cine review was performed to identify cases where a guidewire had crossed the CTO and the use of a GuideLiner catheter facilitated initial device delivery. Results We identified 28 patients that underwent PCI for CTO with a GuideLiner catheter used to assist initial balloon or microcatheter advancement across the culprit lesion. Mean overall CTO length was 26.3 ± 18.1 mm. The GuideLiner catheter was successful in delivering a small balloon to the CTO lesion in 85.7% of cases (24/28). A single CTO PCI resulted in a distal guidewire perforation, but there was no hemodynamic compromise or pericardial effusion and the patient was discharged the next day. Overall procedural success in these selected cases (where a guidewire had already crossed the CTO) was 89.3% (25/28). Conclusions The GuideLiner mother-and-child catheter is a simple, safe and efficacious adjunctive device for difficult CTO PCIs where despite standard measures it is not possible to deliver an initial balloon or microcatheter across the occluded segment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]