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In this paper, a combined robust fault detection and isolation scheme is studied for satellite system subject to actuator faults, external disturbances, and parametric uncertainties. The proposed methodology incorporates a residual generation module, including a bank of filters, into an intelligent residual evaluation module. First, residual filters are designed based on an improved nonlinear differential algebraic approach so that they are not affected by external disturbances. The residual evaluation module is developed based on the suggested series and parallel forms. Further, a new ensemble classification scheme defined as blended learning integrates heterogeneous classifiers to enhance the performance. A wide range of simulations is carried out in a high-fidelity satellite simulator subject to the constant and time-varying actuator faults in the presence of disturbances, manoeuvres, uncertainties, and noises. The obtained results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed robust fault detection and isolation method compared to the traditional nonlinear differential algebraic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An interesting aspect of complex plasma is its ability to self-organize into a variety of structural configurations and undergo transitions between these states. A striking phenomenon is the isotropic-to-string transition observed in electrorheological complex plasma under the influence of a symmetric ion wake field. Such transitions have been investigated using the Plasma Kristall-4 (PK-4) microgravity laboratory on the International Space Station. Recent experiments and numerical simulations have shown that, under PK-4-relevant discharge conditions, the seemingly homogeneous direct current discharge column is highly inhomogeneous, with large axial electric field oscillations associated with ionization waves occurring on microsecond time scales. A multi-scale numerical model of the dust–plasma interactions is employed to investigate the role of the electric field in the charge of individual dust grains, the ion wake field and the order of string-like structures. Results are compared with those for dust strings formed in similar conditions in the PK-4 experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work computationally explores the two-phase flow of nanofluids and their thermal energy transport coefficients in 3D diamond-shaped cavities with square-shaped barriers having reducing dimensions. Materials with two emissivity values, ϵ = 0.3 and 0.9, have been considered to investigate the effect of the radiation thermal energy transport coefficient while the hot side is maintained at 400 or 500 K. Two values of the Rayleigh number, Ra = 106 and 108, are used for the study. Cu nanoparticles (NPs) with an average size of 25 nm have been used at a concentration of 0.01–0.05% in the base fluid. The temperature gradients and thermal energy transport coefficient characteristics are enhanced by raising the volume concentration of nanoparticles, but the streamlines do not alter substantially. By increasing Ra, the thermal energy transport coefficient rate is further augmented. It is also found that increasing the Ra and volume concentration of NPs results in enhanced heat transfer inside a cavity, while a change in the emissivity coefficient has no significant impact on the thermal and flow characteristics of the nanofluid. For each case, there is an optimum NP volume fraction for each model that leads to the highest Nusselt number. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We calculate the strong coupling constants among the doubly heavy spin- 3 2 baryons Ξ QQ ∗ and Ω QQ ∗ , with Q and Q ′ being c or b quark, with light vector meson by means of the light-cone QCD sum rules. The matrix elements defining these vertices are described by four coupling constants g 1 , g 2 , g 3 , and g 4 . The unwanted pollution coming from the doubly heavy spin- 1 2 baryons are removed by a special ordering of Dirac matrices and selection of appropriate Lorentz structures. The strong coupling constants are basic parameters that carry information on the nature of the strong interaction among hadronic multiplets. Investigation of these parameters may help physicists in the construction of the strong potentials among the doubly heavy baryons and light vector mesons. The values obtained for the strong coupling constants may also help experimental groups in analyses of the data produced at various hadron colliders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To evaluate selection methods among published single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with RA to construct predictive genetic risk scores (GRSs) in a population-based setting. Methods The Nord-Trøndelag Health (HUNT) Study is a prospective cohort study among the whole adult population of northern Trøndelag, Norway. Participants in HUNT2 (1995–1997) and HUNT3 (2006–2008) were included (489 RA cases, 61 584 controls). The initial SNP selection from relevant genome-wide studies included 269 SNPs from 30 studies. Following different selection criteria, SNPs were weighted by published odds ratios. The sum of each person's carriage of all weighted susceptibility variants was calculated for each GRS. Results The best-fitting risk score included 27 SNPs [weighted genetic risk score 27 (wGRS27)] and was identified using P -value selection criterion ≤5 × 10−8, the largest possible SNP selection without high linkage disequilibrium (r 2 < 0.8), and lasso regression to select for positive coefficients. In a logistic regression model adjusted for gender, age and ever smoking, wGRS27 was associated with RA [odds ratio 1.86 (95% CI 1.71, 2.04) for each s. d. increase, P  < 0.001]. The AUC was 0.76 (95% CI 0.74, 0.78). The positive and negative predictive values were 1.6% and 99.7%, respectively, and the positive predictive value was not improved in sensitivity analyses subselecting participants to illustrate settings with increased RA prevalences. Other schemes selected more SNPs but resulted in GRSs with lower predictive ability. Conclusion Constructing a wGRS based on a smaller selection of informative SNPs improved predictive ability. Even with a relatively high AUC, the low PPV illustrates that there was a large overlap in risk variants among RA patients and controls, precluding clinical usefulness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ranges are considered as the natural and renewable resources, despite being in renewable resources group, due to inappropriate exploitation in many parts of the world, they have been destabilized and destroyed. The purpose of this study was to find ways to protect rangelands in Hamadan province. General approach of this research is descriptive and analytical, it has mainly used qualitative methods and emphasized on the participatory approach to increase the accuracy and depth of the results. Due to the ability in providing a reasonable framework for developing solutions the "SWOT" analysis method has been used in the research study. In many studies, to identify SWOT factors (strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats) and determining strategies only depends on previous studies or researcher's views, but in this research to determine the elements or factors of SWOT and identification of approaches a set of methods was used, including: "brainstorming" holding in a session, "Participatory rural appraisal" (PRA) workshop in 8 session, and 15 questionnaires completed by experts. In the next step, factors of SWOT quantified by "AHP" method and completing of 18 questionnaires of paired comparison in Saaty's scale was done by experts, this method is the combination of SWOT with AHP. Accordingly, in the matrix of SWOT analysis 20 strategies were introduced. The most important factors of the strategies which have presented based on need for comprehensive participation and views of the people, restore confidence in the government and nation in terms of natural resource management, using the power of NGOs, use of new techniques and social networking for conservation of ranges, power sharing and decentralization for make decision about natural resources and suitable distribution of operational experts to office centers in smaller areas (Dehestan). It also has proposed creating the"engineering supervisor of natural resources" and the supporting of the specific service companies of rangelands [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To report a woman with primary ovarian insufficiency (POI) with reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 5 and 13.Methods: Chromosomal analysis (G-banding) of a 39-year-old woman with elevated gonadotropin levels and secondary amenorrhea and review of the literature with a special focus on disrupted genes at the reported breakpoints.Results: A reciprocal translocation between the long arms of chromosomes 5 and 13 was identified in the patient (46,XX,t(5;13)(q13;q14)). Investigation of the breakpoints revealed that the 13q14.1 region encompasses FOXO1 (forkhead box 1) gene, which has an important role in granulosa cell function and follicle maturation.Conclusions: Autosomal translocations are rare in women with POI. We have reported the first case of a de novo reciprocal translocation involving chromosomes 5 and 13 in a POI patient. As one of the breakpoints encompasses the FOXO1 gene, it seems that disruption of this gene can be the cause of POI in this patient. This provides further evidence on the role of autosomal translocations in disrupting POI-associated genes. Therefore, concentrating on the genes at the breakpoints will be helpful to delineate the new biological pathways or genes involved in POI pathogenesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We perform a comparison of the impact of different intrinsic charm (IC) models, based on the prediction of the differential cross-sections of -boson and -jet production in collision. It is shown that regardless of choosing the model, considering nonperturbative intrinsic charm component increases the magnitude of the cross-section when the transverse momentum grows or at large rapidity of the . Moreover, to evaluate the effect of different parton distribution functions (PDFs), we also compare the results of two PDF sets in prediction of production -jet in at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV with taking into account the intrinsic charm contribution in the proton. It is shown that the various PDF sets give some difference in the description of the -jet cross-section. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to their light weights and high load carrying capacities, composite structures are widely used in various industrial applications especially in aerospace industry. Strength to weight ratio is known to be as one of the most critical design parameters in these structures. In this paper, geometrical parameters of composite lattice structures are optimized to obtain the desired strength to weight ratio using finite element method, neural networks and ABC algorithm. At first, the finite element model is validated by experimental results and neural network is employed as the fitness function. The ABC algorithm is also applied to achieve the optimized strength to weight ratio. The results obtained from PSO algorithm on the basis of neural network have shown reasonable agreement with those of the finite element simulation. Increasing the thickness of the outer shell causes the structural strength-to-weight ratio to rise by 50 percent. The next effective parameter is reduction of rib angle which provides an increase of 30 percent in strength-to-weight ratio. Although Stiffeners (ribs) have a major role in load carrying, increasing the rib thickness causes the structural weight to rise. Thus compared with the two previous parameters, they do not have a significant effect on the strength of structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Titanium is used widely for applications that involve low weight and require suitable mechanical, biomedical and other desirable properties. In this paper, the effect of nitrogen ion implantation on surface structure and resistance against titanium corrosion and achievement of the best conditions for titanium nitride formation is investigated. For these experiments nitrogen ions with an energy of 30 keV and doses of 1 × 1018 to 5 × 1018 ion cm-2 were used. X-ray diffraction was performed for metallic analysis and investigation of new structures created by nitrogen ion implantation. Roughness variations before and after implantation were observed by atomic force microscopy. Corrosion analysis apparatus is used for comparison of resistance against titanium corrosion before and after ion implantation. Results show that nitrogen ion implantation has a substantial effect on resistance improvement against titanium corrosion. The surface morphology of the samples after corrosion testing is investigated using scanning electron microscopy. It is shown that the more important factor will control the final corrosion speed. In doses lower than 2×1018 ion cm-2, the roughness effect is most important, and in higher does, TiN phase formation is dominant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which evaluates hospital information systems leads to the improvement and devotion based on the needs of medical records section users. The study included 70 users of the medical history section in the educational-medical centers of Kermanshah city and used 22 SPSS statistical software to analyzed data. Results reveal that the highest level of the employees’ satisfaction, based on gained scores median was incompatibility with the users’ expectations.

Although Taenia hydatigena is one of the most prevalent taeniid species of livestock, very little molecular genetic information exists for this parasite. Up to 100 sheep isolates of T. hydatigena were collected from 19 abattoirs located in the provinces of Tehran, Alborz and Kerman. A calibrated microscope was used to measure the larval rostellar hook lengths. Following DNA extraction, fragments of cytochrome c oxidase 1 (CO1) and 12S rRNA genes were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction method and the amplicons were subjected to sequencing. The mean total length of large and small hooks was 203.4 μm and 135.9 μm, respectively. Forty CO1 and 39 12S rRNA sequence haplotypes were obtained in the study. The levels of pairwise nucleotide variation between individual haplotypes of CO1 and 12S rRNA genes were determined to be between 0.3–3.4% and 0.2–2.1%, respectively. The overall nucleotide variation among all the CO1 haplotypes was 9.7%, and for all the 12S rRNA haplotypes it was 10.1%. A significant difference was observed between rostellar hook morphometry and both CO1 and 12S rRNA sequence variability. A significantly high level of genetic variation was observed in the present study. The results showed that the 12S rRNA gene is more variable than CO1. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Background Myeloproliferative disorders are a group of diseases characterized by increased proliferation of myeloid lineage. In addition to JAK2V617F mutation, several mutations in the c-MPL gene have been reported in patients with philadelphianegative chronic myeloproliferative disorders that could be important in the pathogenesis of diseases. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequency of c-MPL and JAK2V617F mutations in Iranian patients with Philadelphia-negativemyeloproliferative disorders. Material and Methods Peripheral blood samples were collected from 60 patients with Philadelphia-negative MPD( Subgroups ET and PMF) and 25 healthy subjects as control group. The mutation status of c-MPL and Jak2V617F were investigated by using Amplification-refractory mutation system (ARMS) and Allele-Specific PCR (AS-PCR), respectively. The results were confirmed by sequencing. Results Among 60 patients, 34 (56.6%) and 1(1.7%) had Jak2V617F and c-MPL mutation, respectively. Patients with Jak2V617F mutation had higher WBC counts and hemoglobin concentration than those without the mutation (p= 0.005, p=0.003). In addition, for all healthy subjects in control group, mutations were negative. Conclusions The present study revealed that the c-MPL mutations unlike the Jak2V617F mutations are rare in Iranian patients with Ph-negative MPNs and the low mutation rate should be considered in the design of screening strategies of MPD patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, the effect of fuel injection timing on the performance of a diesel engine was investigated experimentally and analytically using diesel-biodiesel blends. Different experiments were carried out on the diesel engine at engine speeds of 1200, 1600, 2000 and 2400 rpm. The injection timing was regulated for 10, 15 and 20 degree crank angle before top dead centre. The experimental results of engine torque, brakespecific fuel consumption (BSFC), cylinder pressure, and exhaust gas temperature for fuel blends of B20, B40, and B100 at different engine speeds and injection timings were recorded. The results showed that advancing the fuel injection timing for fuel blends of B20, B40, and B100 increased engine torque by approximately 2.1%, 2.9% and 6.3%, respectively, and decreased maximum BSFC by approximately 2.7%, 3.3% and 6.6%, respectively. Then, an artificial neural network (ANN) was used to predict engine performance. The injection timing, engine speed, and fuel blends were used as input parameters whereas engine performance parameters such as engine torque, BSFC, peak cylinder pressure, and exhaust gas temperature were used as the output parameters. The results showed that an ANN is a good tool to predict engine performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a new method for non-linear analysis of structures using an iterative method originated from quadrature rule based on spline function. At first, the above-mentioned method is developed for solving systems of non-linear algebraic equations and then it is implemented on structural problems. In this procedure like many other state of the art methods, the non-linear equations are linearized by evaluating the non-linear terms with the known solution from the preceding iteration. The proposed method is constructed as a predictor-corrector one, must frequently taking Newton's method in the first iteration. For this method, a simple step-by-step algorithm was implemented and presented to calculate non-linear analysis of structures. It should be noted that currently, the proposed method is incapable of tracing the equilibrium curve after passing the limit points. The presented method incorporates the known information at each stage of the loading process to determine the subsequent unknown variables. Compared with the classic Newton-Raphson algorithm and a recently proposed two-point method, it offers a strategy that can be deployed to reduce the number of the iterations to trace the equilibrium path in non-linear analysis of structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Individuals with mild traumatic brain injury (TBI) often have deficits in processing speed and working memory (WM) and there is a growing literature using functional imaging studies to document these deficits. However, divergent results from these studies revealed both hypoactivation and hyperactivation of neural resources after injury. We hypothesized that at least part of this variance can be explained by distinct demands between WM tasks. Notably, in this literature some WM tasks use discrete periods of encoding, maintenance, and retrieval, whereas others place continuous demands on WM. The purpose of this meta-analysis is to examine the differences in neural recruitment after mTBI to determine if divergent findings can be explained as a function of task demand and cognitive load. A comprehensive literature review revealed 14 studies using functional magnetic resonance imaging to examine brain activity of individuals with mTBI during working memory tasks. Three of the fourteen studies included reported hypoactivity, five reported hyperactivity, and the remaining six reported both hypoactivity and hyperactivity. Studies were grouped according to task type and submitted to GingerALE maximum likelihood meta-analyses to determine the most consistent brain activation patterns. The primary findings from this meta-analysis suggest that the discrepancy in activation patterns is at least partially attributable to the classification of WM task, with hyperactivation being observed in continuous tasks and hypoactivation being observed during discrete tasks. We anticipate that differential task load expressed in continuous and discrete WM tasks contributes to these differences. Implications for the interpretation of fMRI signals in clinical samples are discussed. (JINS, 2013, 19, 1–12) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has been shown to have anti-cancer effects on a wide range of cancers. As2O3 has proved to be the most efficient in treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) patients. It primarily acts by triggering apoptosis in cancer cells. To better understand the molecular mechanisms involved in As2O3-induced apoptosis, in the present study we examined the effects of As2O3 both on the expression of Bax and Bcl-2 (the major regulators of apoptosis), and p53 genes in HL-60 cell line. Materials and Methods In this experimental study, the MIT colorimetric assay was used to assess the growth- inhibitory effect of As2O3 on HL-60 cells. The mRNA levels of p53, Bax and Bcl-2 were analyzed by using Real-time PCR. Data were analyzed by using SPSSI8, t-test and ANOVA tests. Results As2O3 inhibits the growth of HL-60 cells in a dose dependent manner at 24h. Significant decrease (89% ± 3%) in cell viability was observed at 4MM and the 1C50 value was about 16 MM. In HL-60 cell, no expression of p53 was detected. Real-time PCR results showed while Bax mRNA expression was not significantly affected in As2O3 treated HL-60, the Bcl-2IBax ratio expression level significantly decreased in a dose dependent manner. Conclusions As2O3 exerts part of its antitumor effect by inducing apoptosis through decreasing BcI-2/Bax mRNA ratio in p53-null leukemic cell line HL-60. More research on the protein level is required for these results to be reinforced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Echinococcus granulosus, the aetiologic agent of cystic echinococcosis (CE), is one of the most important zoonotic helminthes worldwide. Isolates of the parasite show considerable genetic variation in different intermediate hosts. Several genotypes and species are described in different eco-epidemiological settings. This study investigated E. granulosus genotypes existing in livestock and humans from the province of Kerman, located in south-eastern Iran, using sequencing data of cox1 and nad1 mitochondrial genes. Fifty-eight E. granulosus isolates, including 35 from sheep, 11 from cattle, 9 from camels and 3 from goats, were collected from slaughterhouses throughout Kerman. One human isolate was obtained from a surgical case of CE. Mitochondrial cox1 and nad1 regions were amplified using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and 38 isolates were sequenced. Genotypes G1 (73.7%), G3 (13.2%) and G6 (13.1%) were identified from the isolates. G1 was the most common genotype from sheep (86.7%), cattle (80%), camels (44.4%) and goats (100%). Sheep, cattle and camels were also found to be infected with the G3 genotype (buffalo strain). The human isolate was identified as the G6 genotype. Results showed that the G3 genotype occurred in different animal hosts in addition to G1 and G6 genotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objectives FLT3 mutations are associated with poor outcome in acute myeloblastic leukemia(AML) patients. Only limited information is available about effects of FLT3 mutation on Acute Promyelocytic Leukemia (APL). We investigated the prevalence and impact of FLT3 mutations on the clinical characteristics and the response to treatment in APL patients treated with arsenic trioxide (As2O3). Materials and Methods Blood samples were collected from 115 untreated APL patients and genomic DNA was extracted by the salting-out method. FLT3-ITD and FLT3-D835 mutations were investigated by PCR-RFLP. Mann-Whitney U test and Chi-square were used for data analysis. Results FLT3-ITD and FLT3-D835 mutations were detected in 16 (14%) and 13(11%) of the patients, respectively. Both mutations were identified in two patients, so overall frequency of FLT3 mutations was estimated to be 23.5%. Patients positive for FLT3-ITD mutation had a higher rate of white cell counts (p= 0.005) and more frequent bcr3 type of PML/RARA fusion (p=0.04). We have not found any significant association between FLT3-D835 mutation and the clinical characteristics of patients. Between the group with FLT3 Mutations and the group without, there was no significant difference in response to therapy. Conclusions Complete remission induction with As2O3 may be independent of FLT3 mutation status, so As2O3 may be the first choice of APL especially in patients with FLT3 mutations. However, further studies on a large group of patients are necessary to confirm our findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of a new diagnostic tool combined with an aerodynamic window forming a boundary between vacuum and air provides differentiation between the “preparation phase” and the “confinement phase” of filaments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Airborne particulate matter has been collected by a high volume and a Gent-type stacked filter unit (SFU) low volume sampler during the 2000-2001 period. The high volume sampler used S&S cellulosic and the SFU two Nuclepore polycarbonate filters to collect fine and coarse size fractions. The elemental analysis of the collected TSP, fine and coarse particles has been performed using instrumental neutron activation analysis and atomic absorption spectrometry. Twenty-two trace elements on Nuclepore and twenty-four elements on S&S filters have been measured. The collected data have been compared with the previous data of Tehran air and with other cities in the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Type 1 diabetes is the result of a selective destruction of pancreatic islets by autoreactive T-cells. Therefore, in the context of islet or pancreas transplantation, newly transplanted beta-cells are threatened by both recurrent autoimmune and alloimmune responses in recipients with type 1 diabetes. In the present study, using spontaneously diabetic BB rats, we demonstrate that whereas isolated islets are susceptible to autoimmune recurrence and rejection, pancreaticoduodenal grafts are resistant to these biological processes. This resistance is mediated by lymphohematopoietic cells transplanted with the graft, since inactivation of these passenger cells by irradiation uniformly rendered the pancreaticoduodenal grafts susceptible to recurrent autoimmunity. We further studied the impact of local immunomodulation on autoimmune recurrence and rejection by ex vivo adenovirus-mediated CTLA4Ig gene transfer to pancreaticoduodenal grafts. Syngeneic DR-BB pancreaticoduodenal grafts transduced with AdmCTLA4Ig were rescued from recurrent autoimmunity. In fully histoincompatible LEW-->BB transplants, in which rejection and recurrence should be able to act synergistically, AdmCTLA4Ig transduced LEW-pancreaticoduodenal allografts enjoyed markedly prolonged survival in diabetic BB recipients. In situ reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction revealed that transferred CTLA4Ig gene was strongly expressed in both endocrine and exocrine tissues on day 3. These results indicate the potential utility of local CD28-B7 costimulatory blockade for prevention of alloimmune and autoimmune destruction of pancreatic grafts in type 1 diabetic hosts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Persons with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) have increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI). Overlapping associations with MI of weighted genetic risk scores (wGRS) for coronary artery disease (CAD) and RA is unknown in a population-based setting. Data from the prospective Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT2: 1995–1997 and HUNT3: 2006–2008) were used. wGRS added each participant's carriage of all risk variants weighted by the coefficient from published association studies. Published wGRS for CAD and RA were analysed in Cox regression with MI as outcome, age as analysis time, and censoring at the first MI, death, or 31.12.2017. 2609 of 61,465 participants developed MI during follow-up (mean 17.7 years). The best-fitting wGRS for CAD and RA included 157 and 27 single-nucleotide polymorphisms, respectively. In multivariable analysis including traditional CAD risk factors, the CAD wGRS was associated with MI [hazard ratio = 1.23 (95% CI 1.18–1.27) for each SD increase, p < 0.0001] in RA patients (n = 433) and controls. The RA wGRS was not significant (p = 0.06). Independently from traditional risk factors, a CAD wGRS was significantly associated with the risk for MI in RA patients and controls, whereas an RA wGRS was not. The captured genetic risk for RA contributed little to the risk of MI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The doubly charmed Ξ cc + + (c c u) state is the only listed baryon in PDG, which was discovered in the experiment. The LHCb collaboration gets closer to discovering the second doubly charmed baryon Ξ cc + (c c d) , hence the investigation of the doubly charmed/bottom baryons from many aspects is of great importance that may help us not only get valuable knowledge on the nature of the newly discovered states, but also in the search for other members of the doubly heavy baryons predicted by the quark model. In this context, we investigate the strong coupling constants among the Ξ cc + (+) baryons and π 0 (±) mesons by means of light cone QCD sum rule. Using the general forms of the interpolating currents of the Ξ cc + (+) baryons and the distribution amplitudes (DAs) of the π meson, we extract the values of the coupling constants g Ξ cc Ξ cc π . We extend our analyses to calculate the strong coupling constants among the partner baryons with π mesons, as well, and extract the values of the strong couplings g Ξ bb Ξ bb π and g Ξ bc Ξ bc π . The results of this study may help experimental groups in the analyses of the data related to the strong coupling constants among the hadronic multiplets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In most non-perturbative methods in hadron physics the calculations are started with a correlation function in terms of some interpolating and transition currents in x -space. For simplicity, the calculations are then transformed to the momentum space by a Fourier transformation. To suppress the contributions of the higher states and continuum, and enhance the ground state contribution, the Borel transformation as well as continuum subtraction are applied with the help of quark-hadron duality assumption. In the present study we work out the mathematics required for these processes in the case of light and multi-heavy hadrons. We address a well-known problem in the subtraction of the effects of the higher states and continuum and discuss how we find finite results without any divergence by using an appropriate representation of the modified Bessel functions, appearing in the heavy quark propagator, and successive applications of the Borel transformations, which lead to more suppression of the higher states and continuum contributions. The results obtained can be used in the determination of the spectroscopic and decay properties of the multi-heavy standard and non-conventional (exotic) systems in many non-perturbative methods, especially the QCD sum rules. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]