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Aim: To evaluate the salivary biomarkers and plaque index after a treatment with a propolis-contained toothpaste. Materials and Methods: This is a longitudinal, randomized, double-blind study where 76 participants were randomized into two groups: Group I: Fluoridated Red Propolis toothpaste; Group II: Fluoridated toothpaste. The participants were selected in a municipality without fluoridated public water. All participants received standardized oral hygiene instructions from the same instructor for 3 daily brushings (after breakfast, after lunch, and before bed) for a period of 2 min; Saliva samples were collected before (D0) and after 28 days (D28) of treatment for analysis of pH and total protein, amylase, and IL-10. Saliva was collected in the initial consultation and on return, totaling two collections. All samples were collected under the same conditions, by the same operator and between 9:00 am and 11:00 am in order to minimize the influence of circadian rhythm on salivary flow. Results: On D0 and D28, the various treatments had no effect on total salivary proteins (G1: P = 0.0746; G2: P = 0.2144), and the pH stayed about the same. Additionally, there was no change in the amylase activity in G1 (P = 0.1877) or G2 (P = 0.4674). Significant decreases in G1 (P < 0.0001) and G2 (P = 0.03) were observed with IL-10. There was no statistically significant difference in the salivary flow between the BRP toothpaste-treated group (P = 0.172) and the commercial fluoridated toothpaste-treated group (P = 0.329). Compared to G2 (P = 0.03), G1 showed a superior decline in the plaque index (P = <0.0001). Conclusions: After 28 days of using the toothpastes, there were no changes in the amylase, pH, or total protein indicators. After 28 days, there was a decrease in the propolis group’s IL-10 dose and plaque index. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of brazilian red propolis (BRP) dentifrice and compare in vitro. Materials and methods: Strains of S. mutans ATCC UA159 were used in the present study. This study compared the antibacterial effects of BRP extract, BRP containingdentifrice and one antimicrobial commercial dentifrice (Parodontax) against S. mutans. For the evaluation of the antimicrobial activity the microdilution method was used in culture broth. The strain was activated by incubation at 37°C overnight in Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) culture medium, in an anaerobic jar. To the wells of the microplates were added 100μL of BHI broth, 20μL of the substances tested (experimental groups), at concentrations ranging from 100 μL/mL to 0.0488 μL/mL, and 80 μL/mL of the standardized microbial suspension. The microplates were incubated for 24 hr in a bacteriological oven at 37°C. Visual inspection of the colour changes and reading in BioTek microplate reader at 570nm was performed to determine the Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC). Mean values and standard deviations were calculated. ANOVA followed by Dunnett's test was performed; p-value of less than 0.05 was considered significant. Results: BRP extract and BRP containing-dentifrice showed antimicrobial activity against S. mutans up to the concentration of 0.3906 μg/mL. The BRP extract and dentifrice showed bactericidal effect at a concentration of 1.5625, but was able to reduce microbial viability at a concentration of up to 0.3906. Parodontax dentifrice showed antimicrobial activity at all dilutions (p< 0.05), presenting a bactericidal effect in the same concentration of the extract (1.5625). It was concluded that all the groups observed had antimicrobial activity against S. mutans. There was no difference between the propolis extract and the common dentifrice. Conclusion: BRP in pure form and processed in a toothpaste shows some antimicrobial activity against S. mutans but less than a commercial toothpaste containing herbal extracts and sodium bicarbonate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The aim of the research was to investigate the impact of ECC on children’s quality of life and find out how it affects their routine, through a questionnaire applied to parents. Methods: For this assessment, the Impact Scale on Oral Health in Early Childhood (ECOIHS) have been used. The sample consisted of 150 children aged 2 to 5 years enrolled in daycare centers and public schools in the municipality of Massapê-CE-Brazil. The questionnaire was answered by parents and guardians of children diagnosed with ECC. The analysis of the questionnaire was performed using SPSS software version 17.0 and R statistics 3.2. Results: In the results, with regard to toothache and difficulty in eating and drinking, a prevalence of 85.48% was found with a statistical significance of 5%. 40.7% of family members considered themselves guilty at some level of intensity by ECC in children. Correlating family income with the financial impact of a dental problem and / or treatment, a prevalence of 96.35% was observed with a 95% confidence interval, demonstrating that the lower the family income, the greater the financial impact. Conclusion: ECC interferes with the child’s quality of life, thus negatively affecting his routine, as well as that of his family Objectives: The aim of the research was to investigate the impact of ECC on children’s quality of life and find out how it affects their routine, through a questionnaire applied to parents. Methods: For this assessment, the Impact Scale on Oral Health in Early Childhood (ECOIHS) have been used. The sample consisted of 150 children aged 2 to 5 years enrolled in daycare centers and public schools in the municipality of Massapê-CE-Brazil. The questionnaire was answered by parents and guardians of children diagnosed with ECC. The analysis of the questionnaire was performed using SPSS software version 17.0 and R statistics 3.2. Results: In the results, with regard to toothache and difficulty in eating and drinking, a prevalence of 85.48% was found with a statistical significance of 5%. 40.7% of family members considered themselves guilty at some level of intensity by ECC in children. Correlating family income with the financial impact of a dental problem and / or treatment, a prevalence of 96.35% was observed with a 95% confidence interval, demonstrating that the lower the family income, the greater the financial impact. Conclusion: ECC interferes with the child’s quality of life, thus negatively affecting his routine, as well as that of his family [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Brazil, the most relevant scorpions for public health are species of the genus Tityus: T. serrulatus, T. bahiensis, T. obscurus and T. stigmurus, the latter occurring mainly in Ceará, showing that severe cases affect more the population at risk, children under 14 years old. Objectives: The survey aims to identify what are the clinical and laboratory changes in children and teenagers affected by scorpion bites, as well as predictive factors in severe cases. Methods: This is an observational, retrospective and quantitative study of poisoning by scorpion accidents attended and notified by the Toxicological Assistance Center of Fortaleza (CIATOX / CE) from January to December 2019. Results: 820 records were diverted, in which 425 (51.83%) women were killed, of which only 3 (0.37%) were pregnant. Regarding the age group, 1-3 years old is more frequent, 183 (22.32%). The species T. stigmurus 534 cases, (65.12%), the feet region 271 cases (33.04%); the origin of the municipality of Fortaleza 773 (94.15%) and the regional II 122 cases (15.78%) had higher occurrences. Of the 820 cases, only 12 underwent laboratory tests, showing changes such as leukocytosis leukocytosis (72.7%), platelets (63.6%), hyperglycemia (83.3%), TGO (100%), LDH (100%), CK - MB (100%) and Amylase (30%). Conclusion: It was found that the epidemiological, clinical and laboratory profile of children and adolescentes is associated with the severity of scorpionism, which indicates an emergency characteristic, especially when it affects children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bisphosphonate (BF) is a drug used to treat some bone pathologies, such as osteoporosis, multiple myeloma, Paget’s disease, and to treat bone metastasis. These drugs increase the risk of osteonecrosis, where several factors are considered to be risk factors for this, including surgery for placing dental implants and tooth extraction. The objective of this present study was to conduct a literature review on the emergence of osteonecrosis in patients who are or have used BFand have undergone dental implant surgery. A literature review was carried out using the PUBMED, LILACS, Bireme and Scielo databases. To carry out this research, 24 articles were selected between the years 2008 and 2020, which were related to the topic of the use of BF in dental implantology. There is no clear relationship between BF and osseointegration of dental implants. Studies show that BFs increase the mechanical stability of implants if used locally, but they can also increase the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaw if used systemically. BFs have different effects at bone repair sites and bone remodeling sites. It is known that bone can be formed at the site of repair, but this drug will decrease bone formation to a similar level of bone resorption at the site of remodeling. Despite the risk, implant surgery is not contraindicated in patients undergoing oral treatment. The rate of osteonecrosis related to the use of BF is low, even so the professional must consider the risk and be cautious to prevent this from happening. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to review in the scientific literature the reported complications associated with the use of Hyaluronic Acid (HA) as an option for dermal implants in the maxillofacial region and how the health professional should intervene. The pathological and aesthetic defect restorative treatments for the human body are increasingly gaining space in several areas of health. Dentistry is one of these areas that has stood out in diseases and complications diagnosis of functional and aesthetic treatments of the maxillofacial complex. Hyaluronic acid fillers are predominantly used in aesthetic and functional procedures in the maxillofacial region. HA is a hydrogel of natural occurrence in human skin, belonging to the family of glycosaminoglycan’s (GAGs), present in abundance in the extracellular connective tissue matrix, It is a polymer used in the manufacture of artificial frameworks for tissue engineering due its nature biocompatible, biodegradable, non-immunogenic and non-thrombogenic, presenting benefits in the aesthetic and functional treatment of the skin and mucous membranes of the maxillofacial region. Nevertheless some complications are expected from its application to the living organism. These complications can be divided into early and late complications according to the patient’s symptoms. HA application liable to success shall respect important items/steps, thus its use must be correctly indicated and well applied by trained professionals who are familiar with facial anatomy, appropriate injection techniques and the preparation of the integumentary system. Early identification of complications and immediate intervention with medications and invasive procedures can significantly decrease the risk of long-term consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate the effectiveness of red propolis and xylitol chewable tablets in reducing concentrations of micro-organisms such as Streptococcus mutans (SM) and gram-negative bacteria (GNB). Methods: A total of 12 volunteers of both sexes presenting no caries (ICDAS II 0), users of fixed orthodontic appliances and with visible plaque index were randomly assigned to one of two groups. Was to determine the variations in the concentrations of SM and GNB in the saliva before and after the administration of the chewable tablets. The appearance of adverse reactions and side effects was analyzed. The Mann-Whitney (parametric) test was used for pairwise comparisons of means. The Wilxocon test was also used. Results: The study revealed that the propolis and xylitol chewable tablets had antimicrobial activity, reducing the concentration of GNB by -1.39 log10 CFU/mL (p = 0.036) and compared to placebo (p = 0.004698). There was a significant reduction of SM of -0.22 log10 CFU/mL (p = 0.031) and compared to placebo (p = 0.002165). Conclusion: Thus, in addition to the good safety profile, with a low rate of adverse effects, red propolis and xylitol tablets proved to be an effective potential low-cost alternative to combat dental caries and other periodontal diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate in vitro the effects of mechanical brushing with Punica granatum Linné (P. granatum L.) or pomegranate on the mass, roughness and color of artificial teeth in acrylic resin. Methods: The artificial teeth (n=30) were randomly distributed into 3 groups, according to the tested solution (n = 10 each group): Distilled Water (DW), Commercial Dentifrice (CD) and Dentifrice based on P. granatum L. (PD). All the samples were brushed for a simulated 5-year period. The effects of mechanical brushing were evaluated before brushing and after 12, 24, 36 and 60 months. Data were submitted to the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and a significance level of 5% was adopted and compared by ANOVA with Bonferroni. Results: In the PD group, the mass changed was statistically significant at T4 (0.3942 ± 0.003g). The roughness was altered only in T4 in the PD group (1.059 ± 0.053), while in the CD group was altered in T1 (0.982 ± 0.026) and T2 (0.965 ± 0.02) and finally the color changes were only detected in the PD group in T4 (2,899 ± 0.992), while in the DW group (2,050 ± 0,287 *) and common dentifrice (2,710 ± 0,228*) in T3. Conclusion: The pomegranate dentifrice did not cause deleterious effects on the surface of artificial acrylic resin teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The treatment of dyschromia can be conducted using dermocosmetics containing depigmenting agents, such as kojic acid. Objectives: This study aimed the development and characterization of Carnaúba wax-based micro particles, in order to disseminate kojic acid in cosmetic and dermatological products. Methods: These elements were developed and characterized by electron microscopy and spectrophotometry, in addition to the evaluation of the encapsulation effectiveness and the release profile. Results: The different formulations showed that the variation of the concentrations of the active compound did not interfere with the Solid Lipid Micro particles (SLM) morphology, showing spherical shape and variation in their sizes. The formulation that showed the best yield was M1. All formulations showed low effective encapsulation effectiveness, varying approximately between 5 and 15%. Conclusion: The stirring speed and the stirring time are critical factors in the obtainment process and in the morphology of solid lipid micro particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work aimed to carry out a literature review correlating the use of xylitol with the prevention of dental caries, which is a chronic and multifactorial disease, caused by organic acids originated from the fermentation of dietary carbohydrates (dependent sucrose) by bacteria and, when associated with a limited ability to correct oral pH, lead to tooth decalcification, a process known as demineralization. The cariogenic potential of the oral microbiota is genetically determined and is accentuated by the availability of sucrose. Under these conditions, the metabolic pathways favor the reduction of pH, demineralization of the dental substrate and the synthesis of extracellular polysaccharides that act as an energy supply and adhesive strategy. Xylitol is an alcoholic sugar that hardly undergoes fermentation by oral bacteria. Therefore, it has been recommended as a substitute for sugar, especially when food is eaten between meals, helping to prevent tooth decay. The antimicrobial activity of xylitol occurs when the compound is incorporated into the bacterial cell, through the phosphorylation process in the glycolytic pathway of the bacterium, forming xylitol-5-phosphate, that is not metabolized by any enzyme, characterizing it as an intermediate compound. Xylitol is a safe nutrient for human use, and several studies have analyzed the influence of xylitol in dental caries prevention. However, there is a need for more robust clinical trials for the evaluation of the effectiveness of xylitol under ideal conditions propitious to its use. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study was to carry out a prospective study on the patents reports of homeopathic formulations in the brazilian intellectual property bank, the National Institute of Industrial Property (INPI). Methods: This is a prospective research of patents referring to homeopathy products and medicines carried in May 2020. Searches were made for patents deposited with homeopathic purpose with the terms "homeopathy" and "homeopathic" from the first document until the last one deposited in 2019. We have found thirty-eight deposits with the search terms cited above, after exclusion of duplicates we selected twenty four. Results: Among the 24 patent reports selected, 15 (62.5%) were patents of invention. Among the classification of products, we highlight those of type A61K with 19 (79.1%). Twenty-four deposits were selected with the search terms "homeopathy" and "homeopathic". 20 (83.3%) deposits with the term "homeopathic" and 4 (16.66%) to the term "homeopathy". Among the reports stand out patents of homeopathic formulations 14 (58.3%). There were a greater number of deposits in the years 2009 and 2013, both with 4 (16.6%) deposits. Conclusion: After analyzing patents on homeopathic products at the intellectual property bank in Brazil, it is concluded that most are related to new formulations. It can be seen that in Brazil the interest in relation to the protection of intellectual property in this topic is still small. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zikavirus infection during pregnancy generates a series of neurological, musculoskeletal and sensory disorders known as Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome (CZVS), being responsible for even oral changes. This study aims to review the literature to address the relationship between congenital Zika and the development of bruxism in childhood. To achieve this goal, a research was carried out by means of Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde (BVS), PubMed and Google Scholar databases, using the keywords “Zika Virus Infection”, “Bruxism” and “Dentistry”. After a critical reading of papers and abstracts, a total of 15 articles considered relevant to the theme were selected and they were published in the last 5 years. Bruxism reaches a prominent level in several studies, with its prevalence varying between 20.3% and 100% in the clinical articles analyzed. Claiming it is a recent condition studied, there are still few studies evaluating this incidence in pediatric patients with CZVS, but there are already strong indications of this relationship, and it is extremely important to assess these factors and approach the case in partnership with a multidisciplinary team when necessary. In conclusion, there is evidence of a relationship between bruxism and SCZV, and the integration of different health professionals in the monitoring of these syndromic children is essential to better diagnose and intervene in the associated conditions, including treating this parafunctional oral habit more effectively and the impacts of this condition on the quality of life of the patient and the caregiver. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The present work has as objective to evaluate the influence of the drying process of the granules in the drying stove and in the fluidized bed, as well as, as stages of compression in the formation of nimesulide drug polymorphism. Method: Two tests, TB02 and TB06 were produced in the same way, from weighing to granulation, but during the drying process the TB02 test was dried using the fluidized bed, while the TB06 test was oven dried. X-ray diffraction tests show that, in all samples, the nimesulide active remains crystalline. Result: Although both batches of test drugs show 85% release of nimesulide in 30 mins and the coefficient of variation values for the TB06 test weight and hardness tests are lower than the TB02 test, it was observed that the TB02 test showed the greater similarity factor (F2) when compared to the reference drug. Conclusion: Thus, it can be concluded that the fluidized bed as a drying apparatus shows a greater efficiency and that the test drug TB02 can be considered as a pharmaceutical alternative to the reference medicine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge of Pediatric Dentists in the city of Fortaleza-CE about the practice of sedation. Methods: Participated 66 professional's specialists registered in the Regional Council of Dentistry - Ceara who worked in public and private service. Data collection was performed through a structured and self-administered questionnaire. The data obtained were tabulated in the IBM SPSS Statistics program and analyzed through a descriptive and exploratory statistical analysis. Results: The results showed that 36.4% of the professionals had 5 to 10 years of specialization, 93.9% were female and 59.1% both worked in the public and private sectors. Only 21.1% had a sedation course and 33.3% used the technique. Midazolam and Cloral Hydrate were the most commonly cited drugs in the sedation technique. Allergic reactions were the most reported as risk of sedation. Conclusion: Considering the limitations of this study, it is possible to consider that the professionals have reasonable knowledge and few use the technique of sedation, mainly because they do not feel safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pregnancy is a delicate state that faces several challenges for physical and mental health, involving physiological, immunological and microbiological aspects to accept and maintain the fetus. In situations of epidemics of infectious diseases, as COVID-19, pregnancy can be a risk factor, due to all the changes caused in physiological and immunological functions, which can increase mortality rates. The lack of therapeutic protocols for this group calls attention to the urgency of developing and standardizing proposals aimed at pregnant women. Objectives: Then we performed a literature review of articles published about pregnancy and coronavirus disease was carried out, mainly through the PUBMED and Web of Science databases. Methods: Thus, articles from systematic reviews, clinical studies and epidemiologic studies, were selected in Portuguese, Spanish and English languages. Results: We selected 20 articles related to the theme in question. There is still no evidence of vertical transmission of the new coronavirus. Conclusion: The literature reports that the interaction between the mother and the newborn should be prioritized and facilitated at the beginning of breastfeeding. This choice must be defined based on the good health of the mother and her newborn child. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer can be defined, in a simplistic way, as the uncontrolled and disordered growth of cells that invade the adjacent tissues causing its involvement. Worldwide, oral cancer ranks sixth among the types of cancer diagnosed. Literature characterizes some conditions as main risk factors for the genesis of potentially malignant oral lesions, such as smoked or chewed tobacco and its association with alcohol abuse. Another relevant condition cited by some authors is the use of cocaine in the form of crack, due to its contaminants which are corrosive / irritating substances. Other probable triggers are still being studied, such as the human papilloma virus and certain bacteria. Among a considerably amount of main clinical conditions with potential malignancy recognized by WHO there are oral leukoplakia, erythroplasia and erythroleukoplakia. Visual detailed inspection of the oral cavity is a fundamental step during the patient physical examination. In addition, palpation of the intraoral region as well as extraoral areas such as the neck should be continued, which, together with a thorough anamnesis, are able to provide sufficient elements to elaborate a possible diagnostic hypothesis. Thus, the dentist must perform a good physical examination in his usual practice, associated with a well-structured anamnesis, in order to favor the earliest possible diagnosis and correct management of these injuries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GRD) is the most common form of esophagitis, where proton pump inhibitors are the most widely used drugs. This study aimed to perform a literature review about the clinical use and adverse reactions of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs). Treatment of GRD evolved in the 1970s, when the first PPI, timoprazole, was discovered and in 1979, omeprazole originated, with a high action on the proton bomb. The most potent drugs in gastric suppression are proton pump inhibitors where they act irreversibly in the proton pump H+, K+, - ATPase, the suppression of acid secretion lasts for 24-48 hr. PPIs with prolonged use are associated with changes in the intestinal microbiota, which can be compared to changes seen with antimicrobials, in addition to altering the absorption of iron and Vitamin B12 and the metabolism of calcium and magnesium. The population most susceptible to the appearance of the side effects of PPIs is the elderly, age is a factor that predisposes to the appearance of various pathologies and it is necessary to use many medications thus constituting a polypharmacy, in addition, may increase the risks of drug toxicity due to the hepatic metabolism of the elderly being compromised, this is a worrying condition, as it can cause, in addition to the side effects of PPIs, drug interactions, making pharmacotherapeutic follow-up essential, thus being able to make dose adjustments and assess possible drug-related problems and adverse drug reactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Sustinere is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: Due to the growing interest and commercialization of products derived from propolis, the present investigation aimed to carry out a prospective study based on the patenting of these products with cosmetic purpose in intellectual property banks in Brazil and worldwide. Methods: There were searched patents with propolis formulations deposited until 2018 at the intellectual property banks: National Intellectual Property Institute (INPI) - Brazil, United States Patent and Trademark Office - United States, World Intellectual Property Organization (WIPO) -Europe and Espacenet. For the search, all patents that included the term "propolis" and "acne" were considered and only the patents for dermatological products were selected. The relevant informations in the patent documents was extracted and organized into tables and graphs generated in the GraphPad Prism program. Results: WIPO was the bank with the largest number of deposits (43.7%), whereas in the INPI there were found only three deposits (2,9%). The number of patent deposits over the years has been increasing, accentuating from 2014, with expressiveness mainly of China (40.8%), United States (29.1%) and South Korea (20.4%). Regarding the type of product, there were mainly creams and masks, but most of the documents did not have specifications of the product. Conclusion: China is the country that has been depositing patents for dermatological use of propolis, where masks and creams are the most deposited formulations. The number of deposits is still modest, but growth is remarkable and significant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the perceptions of patients undergoing orthodontic treatment, for the perceptions and possible adverse effects after using toothpaste based on Brazilian Red Propolis (BRP). Materials and Methods: This is a longitudinal clinical study. 40 participants used a toothpaste BRP three times a day for a total of four weeks. After 4 weeks, the end of the study, participants completed a questionnaire with a scale ranging from 0 to 10 for parameters such as taste, nausea, cleanliness, ease, irritation, odor and sense of taste change. Results: The taste, cleaning ability, ease and odor had high scores. There were no reports as to the possible adverse events such as irritation and change in taste. One participant reported the occurrence of nausea after brushing, indicating score 1. Conclusion: The use for 4 weeks of the BRP toothpaste did not cause adverse effects and had a good acceptance by the users. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Saúde e Pesquisa is the property of Saude e Pesquisa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde e Pesquisa is the property of Saude e Pesquisa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saúde e Pesquisa is the property of Saude e Pesquisa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Electronic Journal of Pharmacy / Revista Eletrônica de Farmácia is the property of Revista Eletronica de Farmacia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)