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In the statistical mechanics approach to liquid-state theory, understanding the role of the intermolecular potential in determining thermodynamic and structural properties is crucial. The Fisher–Widom (FW) line, which separates regions in the temperature vs density plane where the decay of the total correlation function is monotonic or oscillatory, provides insights into the dominance of the attractive or repulsive part of the interactions. Stopper et al. have recently conjectured [J. Chem. Phys. 151, 014501 (2019)] that the line of vanishing excess isothermal compressibility approximates the FW line in simple fluids. Here, we investigate this conjecture using the Jagla potential and also explore the line of vanishing excess pressure. We employ theoretical approximations and Monte Carlo simulations to study one-dimensional and three-dimensional systems. While exact results for the one-dimensional case do not support the conjecture, our Monte Carlo simulations for the three-dimensional fluid validate it. Our findings not only contribute to the understanding of the relationship between the three transition lines but also provide valuable insights into the thermodynamic and structural behaviour of simple fluids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic significantly impacted the well-being of the general population. However, more information is needed regarding the relationship between participation-related outcomes. This study aimed to analyze the impact of the pandemic on occupational balance (OB) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) before and after social restrictions and to explore their relationship with COVID-19 diagnosis. Methods: We conducted a study among individuals diagnosed with COVID-19, assigning a healthy control group with the same sociodemographic characteristics using the EQ-5D-5L and the Occupational Balance Questionnaire (OBQ). Results: The final sample size consisted of 61 participants in the COVID-19 diagnosis group (50.8% male; mean age 34.6 ± 14.17 years) and 57 healthy participants (50.8% male; mean age 33.7 ± 13.77 years). There were no differences in the sociodemographic variables between the groups. Significant differences were found between groups both before the pandemic and 1 year after confinement measures in HRQoL and OBQ (p < 0.005). The regression model indicated significant associations (p < 0.001) between HRQoL and both current OB and COVID-19 diagnosis. However, the OBQ scores from before the pandemic did not show a significant association with HRQoL (p = 0.336). Conclusions: In conclusion, social restrictions from the COVID-19 pandemic negatively impacted HRQoL in our sample even 1 year after confinement, with COVID-19 diagnosis and occupational imbalance predicting worse outcomes, highlighting the need for targeted interventions not only for the current situation but also for possible future public health crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The second virial coefficient, the Boyle temperature and the equation of state of van Hove fluids with a relatively short ranged attractive parabolic-well of downward concavity are considered. The analytic second virial coefficient for this fluid is obtained explicitly and it is used to compute the Boyle temperature of the fluid as a function of the range of the potential. Further, an equation of state is derived using the second-order thermodynamic perturbation theory of Barker and Henderson in the macroscopic compressibility approximation, with the hard-sphere fluid being the reference fluid. For this latter we profit from the fully analytical expression of the radial distribution function, consistent with the Carnahan-Starling equation state, derived within the so-called rational function approximation method up to a range twice the size of the hard-core diameter. The results for the reduced pressure of the fluid as a function of the packing fraction and two values of the range of the potential well at different temperatures are compared with Monte Carlo simulation data. Estimates of the values of the critical temperature are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to explore and compare psychosocial risks and work overload among nursing professionals in the field mental health and psychiatry in Chile. Quantitative, observational and cross‐sectional research was designed for this purpose. Nurses from community, ambulatory, hospital and emergency units in mental health and psychiatry in Chile were recruited between January and May 2022. Instruments of psychosocial variables and an occupational psychosocial risk scale based on the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire were used. Descriptive and correlational statistics were used, as well as independent samples t‐tests, Factorial Anova and post‐hoc analysis with Bonferroni correction. As a result, 174 nursing professionals were recruited, 79.3% female, average age 33.9 years. One‐third belonged to the Metropolitan Region of Chile. The highest psychosocial risk was obtained by nurses over 30 years of age, from the Metropolitan Region, with more than 16 patients under their care, at the hospital or psychiatric emergency level. Significant differences were observed in work overload and psychosocial risks according to personal and work characteristics of the professionals, as well as of the users and health services. The levels of psychosocial risk and work overload of mental health and psychiatric nurses were reported, as well as the comparison of these according to personal, sociodemographic, and work characteristics. In order to improve the quality of work life of these professionals and the quality of these services, it is essential to develop interventions focused on the dimensions addressed, as well as to define norms and policies that ensure a workload in accordance with international standards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vegetal wastes are an interesting source for the synthesis of nanostructured carbon materials, which are potentially useful in various applications. Carbon black agglomerates (CBA) obtained from olive pits, synthesized in our previous research, had a low crystalline structure typical of this type of materials, with a pore size of 2.27 nm, confirming their micro/mesoporous structure, and with a high surface value of around 587 m2 /g. These materials were used for the extraction of caffeine in energy drinks using a green-approach micro-sample technique called pipette-tip solid-phase extraction. This microextraction technique features reduced consumption of organic solvents, of the amount of sorbent and extraction time, thus making the whole sample pretreatment process faster and greener. In this work, we proposed an analytical method for the analysis of caffeine in commercial energy drinks, using CBA with a great extraction capacity due to its high porous surface area. The developed methodology has proven to be useful from a green chemistry point of view, using only one milligram of nanostructured sorbent, minimal solvent consumption, a reduced volume of sample, as well as easy and rapid automatization for the analysis of commercial energy drinks. For the quantification of the analyte in the energy drinks, a one-point standard addition calibration was applied to correct the matrix effect. Similar caffeine concentrations per milliliter were found in the three analyzed samples, likewise, the amounts of caffeine close to those reported by the manufacturers were established for two of the samples analyzed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Burnout syndrome (BS) has a negative impact among health professionals. Aims: Our research objective is to quantify the level of burnout in health workers of the Spanish National Health System during the COVID-19 pandemic using and comparing two independent measurement instruments. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive and multicenter study conducted through an anonymous online survey among health workers of the National Health System, measuring the level of burnout using the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory (CBI). Results: A total of 448 questionnaires were analyzed, the mean age of the participants was 43.53 years (range: 20–64), 365 (81.5%) women. 161 (35.9%) participants presented BS measured with the MBI and 304 (67.9%) measured with the CBI. Regarding work contract, those who had greater job stability presented a higher degree of cynicism with respect to the eventual ones (p =.010), the eventual ones presenting higher mean scores in professional efficacy (p =.034). Urban workers had higher scores of exhaustion (p <.001) and cynicism (p <.001) than those living in rural areas. When comparing both tests, a high predictive value for exhaustion and cynicism was found to measure BS through the CBI (AUC = 0.92 and 0.84, respectively) and a low AUC with respect to the predictive value for efficacy (AUC = 0, 59). Conclusions: The results obtained show a high level of BS among the health workers who participated in our study. Both tests have an excellent correlation in the degree of exhaustion and cynicism, but not in efficacy. The BS measurement must be performed with at least two validated instruments to increase its reliability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: During the COVID-19 pandemic, adolescents had to deal with a range of mental health problems that has increased social media addiction levels with adverse effects on life satisfaction. Previous studies have explored coping mechanisms to deal with this addiction problem, but did not consider the need to simultaneously cope with different dimensions. Therefore, our study aimed to examine the moderating effect of various coping mechanisms on the relationship between social media addiction and adolescent life satisfaction. Methods: Self-report questionnaires were applied to 1290 secondary school students (age mean = 16.03, SD = 1.27, range: 14 to 19; and 57% female). An exploratory and a confirmatory factor analysis were performed to determine the factor structure of the Brief-Cope 28 scale. Then, a descriptive and correlational analysis of the variables and a multiple linear regression analysis was performed. Results: We found that the social media addiction risk was negatively associated with life satisfaction, adaptive strategies were positively correlated to life satisfaction, and maladaptive strategies were negatively correlated to it. Also, a moderation model was evaluated in which four stress management strategies, namely acceptance and perspective-taking, seeking socio-emotional support, active coping, and maladaptive strategies all conditioned the relationship between social media addiction risk and life satisfaction after controlling for demographic variables and the specific strategies of using comedy, religion and substance use. Results indicate additive and multiplicative effects of management strategies for stressful situations in the studied relationship. Seeking socio-emotional support and active coping were positively related to life satisfaction and maladaptive strategies were negatively associated with it. Multiplicative effects indicate that the relationship between the social media addiction risk and life satisfaction depends only on the acceptance and perspective taking that adolescents report. When adolescents reported having low or average levels of acceptance and perspective taking, there was a negative correlation with general life satisfaction, a connection that grew markedly stronger. In contrast, no connection between social media addiction and life satisfaction was detected for adolescents who report higher levels of acceptance and perspective-taking. Discussion: Abuse of social media and the use of maladaptive stress coping strategies were risk factors that decreased life satisfaction among adolescents during the COVID-19 pandemic period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a case study on perceived conflict and its outcomes on implementing a system of programs and services for child development support. A multi-level collaboration model is used to deeply examine aspects of conflicts perceived by professionals responsible for implementing the system at the national, state, and local levels. This research adopted a single case approach with qualitative methods using semi-structured interviews and exploratory thematic analysis. A total of 29 professionals working at social development and health ministries, state departments, and one municipality participated in this study. The results show that professionals perceive one main unresolved conflict at each of the ecological levels. These conflicts are related to an informalized collaboration agreement between the Ministry of Social Development and the Ministry of Education, an interrupted resource flow from the national level to local level, and an unmanageable internal pressure at the state level. Furthermore, the compensatory strategies they use to deal with these conflicts are ineffective and lead to negative implementation outcomes. We suggest that future research should explore systemic conflict for the collaboration processes among the professionals to improve, thus increasing the quality of system implementation. Highlights: Professionals perceive one main unresolved conflict at each of the three ecological levels examined. Conflicts are related to informalized agreements between ministries, interrupted resource flow from the national level, and pressure from the local level. Professionals use compensatory strategies to cope with unresolved conflicts. The compensatory strategies identified are ineffective and lead to negative implementation outcomes. Findings reveal opportunities for future research to explore systemic conflict to better understand and improve collaboration processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZFO NPs) are a promising magneto-crystalline platform for nanomedicine-based cancer theranostics. ZFO NPs synthesized using co-precipitation method are characterized using different techniques. UV-visible spectroscopy exhibits absorption peaks specific for ZFO. Raman spectroscopy identifies Raman active, infrared active, and silent vibrational modes while Fourier transforms infrared spectroscopic (FTIR) spectra display IR active modes that confirm the presence of ZFO. X-ray diffraction pattern (XRD) exhibits the crystalline planes of single-phase ZFO with a face-centered cubic structure that coincides with the selected area electron diffraction pattern (SAED). The average particle size according to high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (HR-TEM) is 5.6 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) signals confirm the chemical states of Fe, Zn, and O. A superconducting quantum interference device (SQUID) displays the magnetic response of ZFO NPs, showing a magnetic moment of 45.5 emu/gm at 70 kOe. These ZFO NPs were then employed for comparative cytotoxicity evaluation using MTT, crystal violet, and LDH assays on breast adenocarcinoma epithelial cell (MCF-7), triple-negative breast cancer lines (MDA-MB 231), and human embryonic kidney cell lines (HEK-293). Flow cytometric analysis of all the three cell lines were performed in various concentrations of ZFO NPs for automated cell counting and sorting based on live cells, cells entering in early or late apoptotic phase, as well as in the necrotic phase. This analysis confirmed that ZFO NPs are more cytotoxic towards triple-negative breast cancer cells (MDA-MB-231) as compared to breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7) and normal cell lines (HEK-293), thus corroborating that ZFO can be exploited for cancer therapeutics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To translate, culturally adapt, and validate a version of the ID Migraine into Latin American Spanish. Background: Although still considered a common diagnosis, half of the patients with migraine in Latin America experience diagnostic delay. The ID Migraine is a test developed in 2003 as a valuable tool for the early diagnosis of migraine at the primary care level; however, there is no validated Spanish or culturally adapted version for the Spanish‐speaking population. Methods: This is an analytical, translation, and test‐validation study. We performed back translation and cross‐cultural adaptation. The Latin American Spanish version ID Migraine MX was applied to headache clinic patients from March 2021 to January 2022 to perform a validation process against the gold standard: blinded expert diagnosis according to the International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3rd edition (ICHD‐3), criteria. Results: One hundred seventeen patients from the headache clinic of the National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico City were screened. We found 62/117 (53%) patients positive for screening with ID Migraine MX, and 47/117 (40%) positive for migraine according to ICHD‐3 criteria. A sensitivity (95% CI) of 0.91 (0.80–0.97), specificity of 0.73 (0.61–0.82), positive predictive value of 0.694 (0.57–0.794), and negative predictive value of 0.93 (0.83–0.97) were obtained. The positive likelihood ratio was 3.38 (2.27–4.99), and the negative likelihood ratio was 0.12 (0.04–0.30). After calling the patients 1 month after the first interview, the calculated Kappa test–retest was 0.75 (p = 0.001). Conclusion: A translated and cross‐culturally adapted version into Spanish of the ID Migraine was obtained, with a diagnostic performance similar to the original instrument. Clinicians may use this test at the first level of care to reduce the rate of misdiagnosis and the time from onset of symptoms to diagnosis and treatment of migraine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the velocity autocorrelations in an experimental configuration of confined two-dimensional active rotors (disks). We report persistent small scale oscillations in both rotational and translational velocity autocorrelations, with their characteristic frequency increasing as rotational activity increases. While these small oscillations are qualitatively similar in all experiments, we found that, at strong particle rotational activity, the large scale particle spin fluctuations tend to vanish, with the small oscillations around zero persisting in this case, and spins remain predominantly and strongly anti-correlated at longer times. For weaker rotational activity, however, spin fluctuations become increasingly larger, and angular velocities remain de-correlated at longer times. We discuss in detail how the autocorrelation oscillations are related to the rotational activity and why this feature is, generically, a signal of the emergence of chirality in the dynamics of a particulate system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Neurocysticercosis, due to the localization of Taenia solium larvae in the Central Nervous System, is a neglected tropical disease still endemic in much of Latin America, Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. The therapeutic management of NC has gradually improved with the establishment of neuroimaging studies (CT and MRI) in endemic countries and with the demonstration of the efficacy of albendazole and praziquantel in the 1980s. But the morbidity and mortality of this preventable disease remain an unacceptable fact. In this scoping review, we will revise the different treatment options and their indications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parasitic wasps of the genus Tamarixia represent important biological control agents of members of the true bug group, Psylloidea, and are host specific; therefore, they can be used to control insect pests. In this study we report, for the first time, the presence of the parasitoid Tamarixia dahlsteni in Mexico and its mitochondrial barcode region of the cytochrome oxidase I gene (COI). We also review the species diversity of the genus Tamarixia in Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diffusion is a fundamental aspect of transport processes in biological systems, and thus, in the development of life itself. And yet, the diffusive dynamics of active fluids with directed rotation, known as chiral fluids, has not been analyzed in detail so far. Here, we describe the diffusive regimes of a two-dimensional chiral fluid, composed in this case of a set of identical disk-shaped rotors. We found strong experimental evidence of odd diffusion. This odd diffusion emerges in the form of a two-dimensional tensor with an antisymmetric part. In particular, we show that chiral diffusion is complex, featuring transitions between super, quasi-normal, and sub diffusion, and very slowly aging. Moreover, we show that the diffusion tensor elements, including off-diagonal elements; i.e., odd diffusion coefficient, change sign according to flow vorticity. Therefore, the chiral fluid has a self regulated diffusion, controlled by its vorticity. Chiral fluids, whose constituent particles are chiral have attracted recent attention, particularly from diffusion behaviour. The authors provide experimental evidence of a rich and complex diffusive behaviour by studying a system composed of a set of identical disks-shaped particles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Boletín de la Sociedad Geológica Mexicana is the property of Sociedad Geologica Mexicana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Neurocysticercosis (NC) is one of the major parasitic diseases affecting the central nervous system and is endemic in much of Asia, sub-Saharan Africa, and Latin America. Its epidemiology is difficult to assess, although official registries are available in Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Mexico. Methodology/Principal findings: Using official statistics, we assessed trends in NC hospitalization rates during 1998–2019 in Brazil and Ecuador, during 2004–2019 in Mexico, and during 2009–2019 in Colombia. We also assessed the trend in NC mortality in Brazil (1998–2019), the trend in hospitalizations for NC in a Mexican tertiary-level hospital (Instituto Nacional de Neurología y Neurocirugía [INNN]; 1995–2019), and in Mexican primary care ambulatory clinics (1995–2019). Associations between NC hospitalization rates and the human development index (HDI) were also examined. In Brazil, Ecuador, and Mexico, statistically significant decreases in NC hospitalization rates were observed. In Mexico, a significant increase in the age of patients at INNN was observed. Conversely, a significant increase in NC hospitalization rate was observed in Colombia. HDI was not significantly associated with NC hospitalization rates when adjusting for time. Conclusions: The downward trends in NC cases in Brazil, Ecuador, and Mexico are encouraging, especially in the context of the PAHO/WHO plan of action to eliminate neglected tropical diseases from the region. On the other hand, in Colombia, the increased NC hospitalization rate is concerning and needs further evaluation so that the authorities can take specific measures. These results should encourage health authorities in other endemic countries to establish a system of official registries to identify where the need for a control program is most urgent. However, it is also important to remember that NC persists, although less frequently in some Latin American countries, and efforts to achieve its control must continue. Author summary: The present work shows the current trends in the frequency of neurocysticercosis hospitalizations in four endemic Latin American countries. Neurocysticercosis is a parasitic disease of the central nervous system that has been historically linked to poverty and poor sanitation. It is one of the neglected tropical diseases included in the PAHO/WHO action plan for their elimination. We compiled official data available from Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, and Mexico. Our results show a clear and significant reduction in the disease burden in 3 of the 4 countries included. On the other hand, in Colombia, an increase in incidence was observed. These mixed results are of great relevance. They allow us to be optimistic about the possibility of eliminating this disease in some countries, but also allow us to consider why the disease does not seem to be controlled in other countries and direct public health measures aimed at eliminating this parasite in the countries that need it most. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pervasive impact of the COVID-19 pandemic is just beginning to be analyzed. To date, only a handful of these studies have investigated the relationship between an individual's quality of life (QoL) and their changes in food intake due to the virus (from the associated symptomatology of diagnosis to the universal impact of lockdown on individual lives, regardless of a person's health status). Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify changes in food intake resulting from the pandemic and the corresponding impact on QoL in the Spanish population. This study focuses its investigation on the 3-month time period within which lockdown was its most restrictive, March–May 2020. Survey questions ask participants to compare their eating habits, general health status, and QoL during these 3 months to times prior to the pandemic. We conducted an online survey amongst the Spanish population over 18 years old. Three surveys were administered: (1) the adult eating behavior questionnaire (EABQ), (2) EuroQoL-5D-5L, and (3) The determinants lifestyle changes during lockdown period (March to May 2020). A total of 86 participants were included, with a mean age of 34 years. In the analysis of QoL, significant differences were found according to age, sex, and the presence of a COVID-19 diagnosis. Likewise, in the analysis of food intake, significant differences were found by age (greater changes in the 18–29-years-old population) (p< 0.01) and by sex (women p < 0.03), as well as greater changes in those with a diagnosis of COVID-19. Furthermore, both food intake and COVID-19 diagnosis were variables that predicted QoL outcomes. In sum, forced home lockdown can cause changes in food intake, which can predict a lower QoL. It follows that the lockdown situation caused by the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic has affected the food intake and overall QoL of the Spanish population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Life satisfaction is a cognitive and stable construct that comprises the subjective well-being and an accurate indicator of the perception of life circumstances among adolescents. Previous studies demonstrate that adolescents' life satisfaction is associated with developmental outcomes and positive psychological variables as well as protection against risk factors, such as bullying. Several international studies demonstrate that adolescents' life satisfaction can be negatively affected by bullying; consequently this behavior has become a matter of public concern. Our study hypothesized that the perception of safety plays a protective role against bullying and therefore maintains life satisfaction levels in adolescents. We examined a cohort of 1955 Chilean and 1789 Brazilian adolescents that participated in the International Survey of Children's Well-Being (ISCWeB) 3rd Wave in Latin America. Using multiple regression and moderation analyses we found that the interaction victim × feeling safety predicts adolescents life satisfaction. Hence, adolescents that report high victim scores and high safety also report high life satisfaction levels, versus adolescents that report high victim scores and low safety that report lower levels of life satisfaction; suggesting a protective role of the perception of safety against victim scores. Our results confirm the importance and the protective role of the perception of safety (i.e. "feeling safe") on adolescents' life satisfaction. Particularly, we provide evidence that supports the promotion of safer environments at schools, within families, and in our communities in Latin America. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: COVID‐19 pandemic causes high global morbidity and mortality and better medical treatments to reduce mortality are needed. Objective: To determine the added benefit of cyclosporine A (CsA), to low‐dose steroid treatment, in patients with COVID‐19. Methods: Open‐label, non randomized pilot study of patients with confirmed infection of SARS‐CoV‐2 hospitalized from April to May 2020 at a single centre in Puebla, Mexico. Patients were assigned to receive either steroids or CsA plus steroids. Pneumonia severity was assessed by clinical, laboratory, and lung tomography. The death rate was evaluated at 28 days. Results: A total of 209 adult patients were studied, 105 received CsA plus steroids (age 55.3 ± 13.3; 69% men), and 104 steroids alone (age 54.06 ± 13.8; 61% men). All patients received clarithromycin, enoxaparin and methylprednisolone or prednisone up to 10 days. Patient's death was associated with hypertension (RR = 3.5) and diabetes (RR = 2.3). Mortality was 22 and 35% for CsA and control groups (P = 0.02), respectively, for all patients, and 24 and 48.5% for patients with moderate to severe disease (P = 0.001). Higher cumulative clinical improvement was seen for the CsA group (Nelson Aalen curve, P = 0.001, log‐rank test) in moderate to severe patients. The Cox proportional hazard analysis showed the highest HR improvement value of 2.15 (1.39–3.34, 95%CI, P = 0.0005) for CsA treatment in moderate to severe patients, and HR = 1.95 (1.35–2.83, 95%CI, P = 0.0003) for all patients. Conclusion: CsA used as an adjuvant to steroid treatment for COVID‐19 patients showed to improve outcomes and reduce mortality, mainly in those with moderate to severe disease. Further investigation through controlled clinical trials is warranted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos de Neurociencias is the property of Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Departamento de Publicaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos de Neurociencias is the property of Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Departamento de Publicaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psychology, Society & Education is the property of Psychology, Society & Education and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Stigma toward mental disorders is one of today's most pressing global issues. The Covid-19 pandemic has exacerbated the barriers to social inclusion faced by individuals with mental disorders. Concurrently, stigma reduction interventions, especially those aimed at university students, have been more difficult to implement given social distancing and campus closures. As a result, alternative delivery for programs contributing to stigma reduction is required, such as online implementation. This paper reports the results of a controlled study focused on an online multi-component program on reducing stigma toward mental illness that included project-based learning, clinical simulations with standardized patients and E-Contact with real patients. A total of 40 undergraduate students from the Universidad del Desarrollo in Santiago, Chile, participated in the study. They were randomly divided between an intervention and control group. The intervention group participated in the online multi-component program, while the control group participated in an online educational program on cardiovascular health. We assessed the impact of the program by using the validated Spanish-language versions of the Attribution Questionnaire AQ-27 and the Questionnaire on Student Attitudes toward Schizophrenia with both groups, before and after the intervention. In addition, an ad hoc Likert scale ranging from 0 to 5 was used with the intervention group in order to assess the learning strategies implemented. Following the intervention, the participants belonging to the intervention group displayed significantly lower levels of stereotypes, perception of dangerousness, and global score toward people with schizophrenia (p < 0.001). In addition, participants presented lower levels of dangerousness-fear, avoidance, coercion, lack of solidarity, and global score (p < 0.001). The control group displayed no statistically significant differences in the level of stigma before and after the evaluation, for all of the items assessed. Finally, the overall assessment of each of the components of the program was highly positive. In conclusion, the study shows that online programs can contribute to reducing stigma toward mental disorders. The program assessed in this study had a positive impact on all the dimensions of stigma and all of the components of the program itself were positively evaluated by the participants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we present a molecular dynamics study of the glass transition for a soft-core primitive model for ionic liquids, in which cations are fully flexible chains of tangent soft spherical monomers, being the positively charged monomer at one of the ends of the chain, and anions as charged soft spheres. We have monitored transport coefficients such as the self-diffusion coefficients and the shear viscosity, as well as correlation functions such as the mean-square displacement, the self-intermediate scattering function, and probes of heterogeneous dynamics such as the van Hove distribution function and the four-points susceptibility. The analysis of these properties indicates that, for a given pressure, the glass transition shows a weak temperature dependence on the cation length, occurring first for short-chain than for long-chain ionic liquids. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Médica del Centro is the property of Hospital Provincial Universitario Clinico Quirurgico Arnaldo Milian Castro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos de Neurociencias is the property of Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Departamento de Publicaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Archivos de Neurociencias is the property of Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Departamento de Publicaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Médica MD is the property of Comite Editorial de la Revista Medica MD and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Unlabelled: Our objective was to test the ability of pediatric residents to intubate the trachea of infant and child manikins during continuous chest compressions (CC) by means of indirect videolaryngoscopy with Glidescope® versus standard direct laryngoscopy. A randomized crossover simulation trial was designed. Twenty-three residents trained to intubate child and infant manikins were eligible for the study. They were asked to perform tracheal intubation in manikins assisted by both standard laryngoscopy and Glidescope® while a colleague delivered uninterrupted chest compressions. In the infant cardiac arrest scenario, the median (IQR) total time for intubation was significantly shorter with the Miller laryngoscope [28.2 s (20.4-34.4)] than with Glidescope® [38.0 s (25.3-50.5)] (p = 0.021). The number of participants who needed more than 30 s to intubate the manikin was also significantly higher with Glidescope® (n = 13) than with the Miller laryngoscope (n = 7, p = 0.01). In the child scenario, the total time for intubation and number of intubation failures were similar with Macintosh and Glidescope® laryngoscopes. The participants' subjective difficulty of the procedure was similar for direct and videolaryngoscopy.Conclusion: In simulated infant and child cardiac arrest scenarios, pediatric residents are able to intubate the trachea during CC. The videolaryngoscope Glidescope® does not improve performance in this setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Our objective was to test the ability of pediatric residents to intubate the trachea of infant and child manikins during continuous chest compressions (CC) by means of indirect videolaryngoscopy with Glidescope® versus standard direct laryngoscopy. A randomized crossover simulation trial was designed. Twenty-three residents trained to intubate child and infant manikins were eligible for the study. They were asked to perform tracheal intubation in manikins assisted by both standard laryngoscopy and Glidescope® while a colleague delivered uninterrupted chest compressions. In the infant cardiac arrest scenario, the median (IQR) total time for intubation was significantly shorter with the Miller laryngoscope [28.2 s (20.4-34.4)] than with Glidescope® [38.0 s (25.3-50.5)] ( p = 0.021). The number of participants who needed more than 30 s to intubate the manikin was also significantly higher with Glidescope® ( n = 13) than with the Miller laryngoscope ( n = 7, p = 0.01). In the child scenario, the total time for intubation and number of intubation failures were similar with Macintosh and Glidescope® laryngoscopes. The participants' subjective difficulty of the procedure was similar for direct and videolaryngoscopy. Conclusion: In simulated infant and child cardiac arrest scenarios, pediatric residents are able to intubate the trachea during CC. The videolaryngoscope Glidescope® does not improve performance in this setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos de Neurociencias is the property of Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Departamento de Publicaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Haematogenous dissemination of differentiated thyroid cancer is uncommon, particularly in cases of papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC).1,2 To date, peritoneal involvement of differentiated thyroid cancer has only been described twice in the literature, but in the setting of gross visceral involvement in both cases.3,4 We report the first published case of a single peritoneal metastasis of PTC. Some of the treatments against tumour progression include surgery for the locoregional neck disease, RAI, external beam radiotherapy, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) suppression or tyrosine kinase inhibitor therapy. Currently, 8 years after the first diagnosis, the patient remains asymptomatic, without neck recurrence, no progression of the pulmonary metastasis and with no need for systemic treatment. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Archivos de Neurociencias is the property of Instituto Nacional de Neurologia y Neurocirugia, Departamento de Publicaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work, methods are implemented to improve two aspects of energy quality in a wind generation system. First, the harmonic reduction is achieved by applying a linear control technique in the Grid Side Converter; and second, the power factor of the wind generation system using a Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) is adjusted by injecting reactive power. The reduction of the harmonic content is performed with a digital resonant controller, which tracks the periodic signals corresponding to the current harmonics of the Grid Side Converter (GSC), which is part of a "back to back" converter in a wind generation system. This technique allows implementing a current controller of the GSC with a high level of rejection of current harmonics, of frequencies with orders (1 + 6k) and (1 − 6k) (where k is an integer), when executed in the synchronous reference frame (dq). The purpose of this work is to inject currents to the grid with very low harmonic distortion and provide a method for tuning the resonant controller for a simple L filter; also, the GSC is used to generate reactive power. These two improvements achieve a unity power factor, and this is necessary to comply with the new codes where a leading power factor helps regulate the grid voltage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this letter we present evidences of the occurrence of a tricritical filling transition for an Ising model in a linear wedge. We perform Monte Carlo simulations in a double wedge where antisymmetric fields act at the top and bottom wedges, decorated with specific field acting only along the wegde axes. A finite-size scaling analysis of these simulations shows a novel critical phenomenon, which is distinct from the critical filling. We adapt to tricritical filling the phenomenological theory which successfully was applied to the finite-size analysis of the critical filling in this geometry, observing good agreement between the simulations and the theoretical predictions for tricritical filling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]