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Coulter et al. (2019) argue that there is an urgent need for a theoretically coherent conceptualisation of contemporary relationship-based practice (RBP) models within child and family social work. They propose that a systemic and social constructionist 'lens' can provide this coherence. This reply draws attention to one particular difficulty with their argument and makes a partial case for maintaining clear distinctions between models, with distinct nomenclature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses focuses on Irish American nationalism. Topics discussed include transnationalism, history of Irish Americans and Irish community in Chicago, Illinois. Other topics which includes Irish National League of America, home rule in Ireland and Irish revolutionaries are also discussed.

Historians have disagreed as to whether pre-Famine Ireland was an exceptionally violent society. Following a detailed review of the available statistics and an assessment of their reliability, an analysis of reported homicides during the 1840s suggests that levels of violence were not particularly high by contemporary European standards. Figures from the period before 1837, though less reliable, indicate a somewhat higher level of homicide, but one that was still lower than that recorded in other European jurisdictions in the first half of the nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the issues raised in the book "Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed," by Jared Diamond. A recurring theme in the book is that the disintegration of many ancient cultures can be traced to two fundamental vulnerabilities of urban societies. Though Diamond's condemnation of reckless environmental destruction would warm the heart of most contemporary environmentalists, he is actually an environmentalist in the original sense of the word. Like the first professional geographers, he is concerned with the role of environment in shaping or even determining human history. The remarkable mix of case studies predictably fills the book with peculiar analogies that few anthropologists would be prepared to draw. Those who want an effective modern environmental movement need working theories of social evolution. Societies sometimes willingly adopt the social arrangements and beliefs of their neighbors. Exactly what makes societies favorable in these comparisons matters, of course. Differential extinction by environmental failure certainly interacts with direct group competition, as Diamond notes, but its rate seems unlikely to be more rapid.

Background: Long-standing fixed divergent squint is a difficult management problem, presenting marked cosmetic and functional symptoms in the patient, and a significant challenge for the squint surgeon to overcome. Methods: We describe use of through-the-lid traction sutures in 24 consecutive patients with fixed divergent squint secondary to long-standing third nerve palsy. Very large recessions of the lateral rectus were combined with large resections of the medial rectus and traction sutures placed through the insertions of the superior and inferior rectus were brought out through the extreme medial for-nices and skin of the upper and lower lids. Sutures were tied overtarsorrhaphy bolsters and left in situ for six weeks. Results: After removal of the traction sutures, the eye maintained a good cosmetic position in all but two cases. Postoperative motility was extremely limited or absent. Complications were limited to transient skin ulceration in two cases. Conclusions: Supramaximal horizontal recess-resect procedure combined with adducting traction sutures left in situ for six weeks is a safe and effective procedure to restore the eye to the centre of the palpebral fissure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Substitution of aluminum oxide for fused quartz in zinc oxide-eugenol-o-ethoxybenzoic acid cements improved compressive strength and lessened film thickness. Physical properties were similar to those of zinc phosphate cement. The material is useful clinically for crown and bridge cementation, for insulating bases, and for temporary restorations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]