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Seaweed extracts have several functions in agriculture due to their composition that is rich in nutrients, plant hormones, and bioactive substances. It is a natural product used as a biostimulant especially to promote the growth and development of plants and their tolerance to environmental stresses. The objective of this study was to analyze the response to a biostimulant containing seaweed extract derived from Ascophyllum nodosum in the cultivation of tomato and eggplant seedlings, analyzing the growth and physiological parameters in two different regions of Brazil. Cherry tomato and eggplant were cultivated in polyethylene trays for 30 days. In each crop, five treatments were tested, comparing the use of a commercial seaweed extract in application doses and forms, which were the control (without seaweed application); 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3% of the seaweed extract applied by irrigation water; and treatment with 0.2% of the seaweed extract by foliar application. This study confirms the efficacy of incorporating seaweed extract from Ascophyllum nodosum as a bio-input into the production phase of Solanaceae seedlings. The seedlings which received the seaweed extract significantly increased some morphological parameters, mainly regarding the biomass and length of leaves, stems, and roots. In general, applying both methods through irrigation water and foliar application were effective in providing benefits compared to the control treatment. The intermediate dose (0.2%) was the most effective in promoting improvement in the analyzed parameters. This underscores the importance of obtaining quality seedlings for subsequent planting in the field, potentially leading to better acclimatization and initial adaptation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Photosynthesis is the most important biochemical process that takes place in plants and chlorophyll is the main pigment involved in it. Current destructive methods for determining chlorophyll content are accurate, but time-consuming and relatively expensive. The SPAD (Soil Plant Analysis Development) is a portable chlorophyll meter that provides an instant and nondestructive reading of the green color of leaves. As an important source of vitamins and antioxidants such as vitamins C, carotenoids and fiber content, lettuce (Lactucasativa L.) plays a crucial role in human nutrition, being one of the most popular staple plant foods among the population. Considering the possibility of management based on the characteristics of photosynthetic pigments, the study aimed to relate the SPAD index values with the content of leaf pigments in lettuce. The study was conducted in the Northwest region of Paraná, Brazil. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design with 48 leaf samples being determined the SPAD index and the content of leaf pigments. The determination of the SPAD index was performed with the SPAD-502 equipment (Minota®) with three readings per sample. For the extraction of leaf pigments, chlorophyll (a; b), total chlorophyll (a + b) and carotenoids, acetone was used as an extractor and the reading was performed in a spectrophotometer. The SPAD index was correlated with the levels of chlorophyll a (0.93), chlorophyll b (0.89), total chlorophyll (0.93) and carotenoids (0.95) in lettuce leaves. Through the SPAD, the chlorophyll content in lettuce leaves can be determined in a representative way. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seaweed extracts can be used in agriculture as biostimulants which present many advantages in several crops. Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE) is a source of phytohormones, polysaccharides and minerals which provide benefits to soil–plant system. The objective was to analyze the biostimulant response of ANE application in tomato crop, regarding morphological and yield aspects, and understand the nutrients dynamics in the soil. The experiment was carried out in a completely randomized design during 2020–2021 in protected environment in southern of Brazil. Three treatments were studied, besides control, ANE (0.2%) was applied to the soil (drench), and to the leaves (spray). in five times during tomato crop. ANE applications improved plant growth (plant height, stem diameter, fresh and dry mass of leaf, stem and root, leaf number, leaf area, root length and chlorophyll content), yield components (fruit quantity, fruit weight and size, bunches number and size and productivity), as well as soil fertility (dynamics of macronutrients and organic carbon). Therefore, ANE (0.2%) application in tomato crop promotes plant growth and yield components increments, being a sustainable input, which contribute to advances in agriculture. Soil applications of ANE were more effective when compared to foliar applications. However, both methods could improve soil chemical properties after cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Deficit irrigation is applied to several agricultural crops as a water-saving irrigation strategy. The tomato plant is sensitive to water stress; however, integration with biostimulant applications, based on seaweed extracts, could be a strategy for plants adapting to this abiotic condition. The objective of this study was to evaluate agronomic and quality aspects of tomato cultivated under deficit irrigation combined with Ascophyllum nodosum extract (ANE) application. The experiment was conducted using a completely randomized design with two water replacement levels, 70 and 100% of crop evapotranspiration (ETc), and five doses of ANE (0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%) applied via soil drench. The interaction between ANE and ETc was significant (p < 0.05) in terms of plant growth, physiological parameters, fruit yield, yield components and fruit quality. Results indicated that when the tomato plant is under deficit irrigation, a higher ANE dose is required to achieve better development when compared to the 100% ETc condition, where the dose is lower. Under deficit irrigation, the largest fruit yield was obtained with 0.3 and 0.4% ANE, and with 100% ETc, the largest fruit yield was obtained with 0.2% ANE. ANE applications were also effective in increasing plant height, stem diameter, plant biomass, leaf area, chlorophyll and relative water content. In addition, tomato quality was also favored under deficit irrigation and seaweed extract application. We conclude that ANE applications attenuate water deficit effects in tomato plants and provide a strategy to ameliorate tomato yield, tomato quality and water use in agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soybean and corn succession system widely adopt in different agricultural regions from Brazil. However, different species incorporation, especially in the autumn/winter season, can influence the soybeans profitability in succession system and farm economic return, providing benefits for the agricultural sector. The objective this work was to analyze the development of different species in the autumn-winter crop and the influence on soybean yield and the economic return of farm in Midwest of Paraná, Brazil. The study was conducted during 2019/2020 and 2020/2021 crop. A completely randomized design adopted, with eight treatments (autumn/winter season) and four replications. In autumn/winter season were composed of five crops in single system (black oat, brachiaria ruziziensis, oilseed radish, corn and wheat), two in intercropped systems (black oat with oilseed radish and corn with brachiaria) and fallow area (spontaneous plants). In the spring/summer season, soybean was cultivated. The biomass produced in the autumn/winter season varies with the species and cultivation system adopted. Soybean yield is higher when cultivated in succession to brachiaria, while the worst performance is obtained in succession to spontaneous plants. The cultivation of wheat in the winter and soybeans in the summer presents superior economic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Growing conditions such as water supply and soil fertility influence oregano morphological development and physiological responses. Our study aimed to analyse the physiological responses of oregano plants grown under different water conditions and bokashi application rates. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse under a randomized block design and a 3 x 4 factorial scheme. Treatments encompassed three water replacement levels (60, 80, and 100% crop evapotranspiration - ETc) and four bokashi rates (0, 100, 200, and 300 g m-2), with five replications each. Oregano seedlings were transplanted and grown in a spacing of 0.3 m between plants and 1 m between bed rows. After 60 days, treatments were evaluated for photosynthetic rate (A), stomatal conductance (Gs), internal CO2 rate (Ci), transpiration (E), and water-use efficiency (WUE). Data underwent variance analysis by F-teste, multivariate analysis, and Pearson's linear correlation. Oregano physiological responses were significantly influenced by water replacement level and the application rate of fermented bokashi compost. The multivariate analysis allowed us to analyse the interaction effect between water replacement level and bokashi rate on photosynthesis, stomatal conductance, internal CO2, and transpiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The efficient use of water and energy is fundamental to a sustainable agricultural practice. Deficit irrigations can contribute to saving water and energetic resources. This work aimed at analyzing the influence of water reposition in the water and energy efficiency use for growing tomato cocktail type tomato. The experiment was conducted in vegetation house, and the randomized design was adopted with five levels of water reposition (25, 50, 75, 100 and 125% of evapotranspiration in culture (ETc)) and six repetitions. The morphological contents were evaluated (number of bunches, number of abortions, fresh mass of aerial part, stem diameter and height), SPAD index (Soil Plant Analysis Development), water demand, productivity, energy use and energy productivity. Data were analyzed through variance analysis, average comparison, regression analysis and correlation. Water deficit affects growth, development and productivity of cocktail type tomato. The morphological development and the production yield show high correlation with water availability. The water replacement of 75% of ETc has shown better efficiency in water and electricity use in growing cocktail type tomato. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The adoption of different agricultural succession systems can influence the availability, dynamics, and accumulation of nutrients. This study aimed to analyze the impact of succession systems on the nutritional characteristics of soybean in succession. The study was conducted in the Midwest region of Paraná, Brazil. The experiment was carried in randomized block design, with eight species in the autumn/winter season (spontaneous, black oat, brachiaria ruziziensis, oilseed radish, corn, wheat, black oat intercropped with radish, and corn intercropped with brachiaria ruziziensis) and four replications, with soybean cultivation in succession. The content of macronutrients (N, P, K, Ca, Mg and S) and micronutrients (B, Cu, Fe, Mn and Zn) in soybean leaves during the flowering period were analyzed. The data were subjected to the analysis of variance. The means were grouped by the Scott-Knott test, with a 5% probability. The data were also compared with the reference levels for soybean and with the Integrated System of Diagnosis and Recommendation (DRIS), obtaining the Nutritional Balance Index (NBI). The succession system had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on the contents of N, P, S, and Cu. Ca, Mg, and Mn had contents above the reference range, while B values were lower; there was variation according to the system for other nutrients. P was the nutrient with the most significant limitation in soybean cultivation after spontaneous species. In contrast, for the other systems, the limiting nutrient was S. Concerning NBI, the best result was obtained with black oat and soybean succession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Public databases for glaucoma studies contain color images of the retina, emphasizing the optic papilla. These databases are intended for research and standardized automated methodologies such as those using deep learning techniques. These techniques are used to solve complex problems in medical imaging, particularly in the automated screening of glaucomatous disease. The development of deep learning techniques has demonstrated potential for implementing protocols for large-scale glaucoma screening in the population, eliminating possible diagnostic doubts among specialists, and benefiting early treatment to delay the onset of blindness. However, the images are obtained by different cameras, in distinct locations, and from various population groups and are centered on multiple parts of the retina. We can also cite the small number of data, the lack of segmentation of the optic papillae, and the excavation. This work is intended to offer contributions to the structure and presentation of public databases used in the automated screening of glaucomatous papillae, adding relevant information from a medical point of view. The gold standard public databases present images with segmentations of the disc and cupping made by experts and division between training and test groups, serving as a reference for use in deep learning architectures. However, the data offered are not interchangeable. The quality and presentation of images are heterogeneous. Moreover, the databases use different criteria for binary classification with and without glaucoma, do not offer simultaneous pictures of the two eyes, and do not contain elements for early diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The knowledge regarding the crop water demand and its vegetative development is the basis for any agronomic scientific research. This study determined evapotranspiration, crop coefficient, fruit growth rate, stem, and photosynthetic activities of the melon. The experiment was conducted in a protected environment at the Technical Irrigation Center (CTI) of the Universidade Estadual de Maringá (UEM) in Maringá-Pr. The hybrid used was the melon Cantaloupe Torreon grown vertically. Irrigation was carried out via drip based on accumulated evapotranspiration. Reference evapotranspiration was estimated by the Penman-Monteith-FAO method using data from an automatic weather station, and crop evapotranspiration was measured using constant groundwater lysimeters. Caliper performed measurements of the plant's lap and fruit in formation. The SPAD index measurements occurred on the third leaf of the main stem and the leaf closest to the fruit. The melon's water demand was 388.16 mm. The crop coefficient values obtained were: 0.95, 1.03, and 0.99 for the initial, intermediate, and final stages. The growth rate of the cervix increased from 7 mm to 35th day after transplantation. In 14 days, the equatorial growth of the fruit was 98 mm. The SPAD index registered a maximum of 105 for the third leaf and 112 for the fruit leaf. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental - Agriambi is the property of Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agricola e Ambiental and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)