Search

This article is a response to criticisms raised by Hirano et al. regarding research on sum frequency vibrational spectroscopy (SFVS) of benzene at interfaces. The authors address five points raised in the comment, including the local field effect, symmetry breaking of benzene, and field variations at interfaces. They argue that Hirano et al. underestimated the interfacial EQ SFVS and did not calculate the absolute amplitude of SFVS, which undermines the credibility of their research. The authors' computational SFVS aligns well with experimental results in terms of vibrational frequencies, amplitude, and line shapes, but there are discrepancies in vibrational frequencies and spectral line shapes between their results and the experimental data. [Extracted from the article]

Cell death is a fundamental physiological process in all living organisms. Processes such as embryonic development, organ formation, tissue growth, organismal immunity, and drug response are accompanied by cell death. In recent years with the development of electron microscopy as well as biological techniques, especially the discovery of novel death modes such as ferroptosis, cuprotosis, alkaliptosis, oxeiptosis, and disulfidptosis, researchers have been promoted to have a deeper understanding of cell death modes. In this systematic review, we examined the current understanding of modes of cell death, including the recently discovered novel death modes. Our analysis highlights the common and unique pathways of these death modes, as well as their impact on surrounding cells and the organism as a whole. Our aim was to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of research on cell death, with a focus on identifying gaps in our knowledge and opportunities for future investigation. We also presented a new insight for macroscopic intracellular survival patterns, namely that intracellular molecular homeostasis is central to the balance of different cell death modes, and this viewpoint can be well justified by the signaling crosstalk of different death modes. These concepts can facilitate the future research about cell death in clinical diagnosis, drug development, and therapeutic modalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The landing of a seaplane on the wave is a crucial issue with practical engineering applications in the fields of aeronautical and ocean engineering. The safe landing of seaplanes on wave surfaces prompts an urgent investigation on further understanding the mechanism by which the wings affect loads. This study examines the slamming force characteristics, pressure distributions, and free surface profiles of a two-dimensional seaplane section with varied heel angles into waves, considering different entry velocities, entry locations, and wave steepnesses. The overset mesh technique has been integrated into the waves2Foam toolbox to achieve a numerical wave tank based on the overset mesh. Numerical results for the vertical slamming force, slamming pressure coefficient distribution, and free surface profile were validated against published semi-analytical solutions and laboratory tests. The slamming force during the water entry of the seaplane section under the wave effect shows similar but more complex characteristics than those of the wedge section, manifesting as a phenomenon of multiple peaks. In addition to the bottom slamming of the airframe, localized high-pressure regions appear beneath the wing due to the combined squeezing effect on the air layer by the wing and water particle, which is similar to the wing-in-ground (WIG) effect. Slight sawtooth fluctuations of the wavefront were observed as a consequence of the disturbance of the air layer by the wings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Evidence concerning long-term outcome of robotic liver resection (RLR) and laparoscopic liver resection (LLR) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients is scarce. Methods: This study enrolled all patients who underwent RLR and LLR for resectable HCC between July 2016 and July 2021. Propensity score matching (PSM) was employed to create a 1:3 match between the RLR and LLR groups. A comprehensive collection and analysis of patient data regarding efficacy and safety have been conducted, along with the evaluation of the learning curve for RLR. Results: Following PSM, a total of 341 patients were included, with 97 in the RLR group and 244 in the LLR group. RLR group demonstrated a significantly longer operative time (median [IQR], 210 [152.0–298.0] min vs. 183.5 [132.3–263.5] min; p = 0.04), with no significant differences in other perioperative and short-term postoperative outcomes. Overall survival (OS) was similar between the two groups (p = 0.43), but RLR group exhibited improved recurrence-free survival (RFS) (median of 65 months vs. 56 months, p = 0.006). The estimated 5-year OS for RLR and LLR were 74.8% (95% CI: 65.4–85.6%) and 80.7% (95% CI: 74.0–88.1%), respectively. The estimated 5-year RFS for RLR and LLR were 58.6% (95% CI: 48.6–70.6%) and 38.3% (95% CI: 26.4–55.9%), respectively. In the multivariate Cox regression analysis, RLR (HR: 0.586, 95% CI (0.393–0.874), p = 0.008) emerged as an independent predictor of reducing recurrence rates and enhanced RFS. The operative learning curve indicates that approximately after the 11th case, the learning curve of RLR stabilized and entered a proficient phase. Conclusions: OS was comparable between RLR and LLR, and while RFS was improved in the RLR group. RLR demonstrates oncological effectiveness and safety for resectable HCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In plants, the conserved plant-specific photoreceptor UV RESISTANCE LOCUS 8 (UVR8) perceives ultraviolet-B (UV-B) light and mediates UV-B-induced photomorphogenesis and stress acclimation. In this study, we reveal that UV-B light treatment shortens seedlings, increases stem thickness, and enhances UV-B stress tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa) via its two UV-B photoreceptors OsUVR8a and OsUVR8b. Although the rice and Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) UVR8 (AtUVR8) photoreceptors all form monomers in response to UV-B light, OsUVR8a, and OsUVR8b function is only partially conserved with respect to AtUVR8 in UV-B-induced photomorphogenesis and stress acclimation. UV-B light and CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1 (COP1) promote the nuclear accumulation of AtUVR8; by contrast, OsUVR8a and OsUVR8b constitutively localize to the nucleus via their own nuclear localization signals, independently of UV-B light and the RING-finger mutation of OsCOP1. We show that OsCOP1 negatively regulates UV-B responses, and shows weak interaction with OsUVR8s, which is ascribed to the N terminus of OsCOP1, which is conserved in several monocots. Furthermore, transcriptome analysis demonstrates that UV-B-responsive gene expression differs globally between Arabidopsis and rice, illuminating the evolutionary divergence of UV-B light signaling pathways between monocot and dicot plants. Differently from Arabidopsis, rice UV-B photoreceptors show a non-classical localization mechanism and protein interaction mode to mediate UV-B responses, suggestive of evolutionary divergence of UV-B light signaling between monocot and dicot plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Glycidyl azide polymer (GAP)-coated sub-micron aluminum (sub-mAl@GAP) particles exhibit higher heat release than their uncoated counterparts under low heating rates. However, their application in explosives has been hindered due to a lack of understanding of their energy release characteristics under heating rates of detonation levels. To address this problem, the energy release performances of sub-mAl@GAP particles under ultrafast heating rates stimulated by an electric explosion of wire and high-energy laser were studied. The results showed that the reaction of sub-mAl@GAP particles was more violent than that of an uncoated counterpart under an electric explosion stimulus. Additionally, the reaction time of the former was 0.4 ms shorter than that of the latter. In addition, the propagations of shock waves of the sub-mAl@GAP and sub-mAl were analyzed. The propagation distances of shock waves of the sub-mAl@GAP were all longer than those of sub-mAl under laser fluences of 0.5 J/cm2, 1.2 J/cm2, and 2.4 J/cm2. The distance difference gradually increased with the decrease in the laser fluence. Under a laser fluence of 0.5 J/cm2, the velocity and distance differences of the sub-mAl@GAP and sub-mAl were both the largest due to the energy contribution from the GAP. In conclusion, the fast decomposition rate of the GAP and its energy contribution would benefit the energy release of sub-mAl under ultrafast heating rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most existing cellular automata (CA) models impose strict requirements on the number and spatial distribution of samples. This makes it a challenge to capture spatial heterogeneity in urban dynamics and meet the modeling needs of large and complex geographic areas. This paper presents a CA model based on geographically optimal similarity (GOS) transition rules and similarly sized neighborhoods (SSN). By comparing the similarity in geographical configuration between samples and predicted points, the model enables a comprehensive characterization of the driving mechanism behind urban expansion and its self-organizing scope. This helps to mitigate the impact of sample selection and assumptions about spatial stationarity on simulation results. The performance of GOS-SSN-CA simulation was tested by taking the urban expansion in the Changsha-Zhuzhou-Xiangtan urban agglomeration in China as an example. The results show that GOS can derive more accurate and reliable urban transition rules with fewer samples, thereby significantly reducing spatial prediction errors compared with logistic regression. Moreover, SSN selects different neighborhood sizes to represent the difference between the local self-organizing range and surrounding cells, thus further improving the simulation accuracy and restricting urban expansion morphology. Overall, GOS-SSN-CA effectively characterizes the geographical similarity of urban expansion, improves simulation accuracy while constraining the urban expansion form, and enhances the practical application value of CA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum (Al)-based reactive materials have recently attracted much attention due to their excellent chemical energy release characteristics. However, there still exists a great challenge to improve the mechanical properties and energy density of Al-based reactive materials. In this work, we reported that core–shell nano-aluminum@fluororubber (nAl@F2311) composites with good mechanical properties and high energy release characteristics were designed and fabricated by the electrical exploding wires method. The results showed that Al nanospheres were coated by F2311 uniformly to form the nAl@F2311 core–shell microstructure with high Al contents. Quasi-static/Split Hopkinson Pressure Bar dynamic compression test results showed axial splitting failure mode of nAl@F2311 composites. nAl@F2311-10 composites with 90 wt. % Al contents had higher compressive strength, with quasi-static and dynamic compressive strength of 117.6 and 304.6 MPa, respectively. nAl@F2311-15 composites with 85 wt. % Al contents had a lower ignition threshold. Furthermore, the impact-induced energy release test showed higher fluorine contents will accelerate energy release, reduce impact ignition threshold, and improve the reaction efficiency of nAl@F2311 composites. The high reaction efficiency (97.79%) of the nAl@F2311-15 composites was obtained at an impact velocity of 1090 m/s. This offered a concept-of-proof work to design and fabrication of nanostructured reaction materials, which had high strength and energy release performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The centrosymmetric benzene molecule has zero first-order electric dipole hyperpolarizability, which results in no sum-frequency vibrational spectroscopy (SFVS) signal at interfaces, but it shows very strong SFVS experimentally. We perform a theoretical study on its SFVS, which is in good agreement with the experimental results. Its strong SFVS mainly comes from the interfacial electric quadrupole hyperpolarizability rather than the symmetry-breaking electric dipole, bulk electric quadrupole, and interfacial and bulk magnetic dipole hyperpolarizabilities, which provides a novel and completely unconventional point of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The zero-profile implant system (Zero-P) and conventional plates have been widely used in anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF) to treat cervical spondylosis. The purpose of this study was to compare the effects of the application of Zero-P and new conventional plates (ZEVO, Skyline) in ACDF on the sagittal imaging parameters of cervical spondylosis patients and to analyze their clinical efficacy. Methods: We conducted a retrospective study on 119 cervical spondylosis patients from January 2018 to December 2021, comparing outcomes between those receiving the Zero-P device (n = 63) and those receiving a novel conventional plate (n = 56, including 46 ZEVO and 10 Skyline plates) through ACDF. Cervical sagittal alignment was assessed pre- and postoperatively via lateral radiographs. The Japanese Orthopedic Association (JOA), Neck Disability Index (NDI), and visual analog scale (VAS) scores were recorded at baseline, after surgery, and at the 2-year follow-up to evaluate patient recovery and intervention success. Results: There were significant differences in the postoperative C0-C2 Cobb angle and postoperative sagittal segmental angle (SSA) between patients in the novel conventional plate group and those in the Zero-P group (P < 0.05). Postoperatively, there were significant changes in the C2‒C7 Cobb angle, C0‒C2 Cobb angle, SSA, and average surgical disc height (ASDH) compared to the preoperative values in both patient groups (P < 0.05). Dysphagia in the immediate postoperative period was lower in the Zero-P group than in the new conventional plate group (0% in the Zero-P group, 7.14% in the novel conventional plate group, P = 0.046), and the symptoms disappeared within 2 years in both groups. There was no statistically significant difference between the two groups in terms of complications of adjacent spondylolisthesis (ASD) at 2 years postoperatively (3.17% in the Zero-P group, 8.93% in the novel conventional plate group; P = 0.252). According to the subgroup analysis, there were significant differences in the postoperative C2‒C7 Cobb angle, C0‒C2 Cobb angle, T1 slope, and ASDH between the ZEVO group and the Skyline group (P < 0.05). Compared with the preoperative scores, the JOA, NDI, and VAS scores of all groups significantly improved at the 2-year follow-up (P < 0.01). According to the subgroup analysis, the immediate postoperative NDI and VAS scores of the ZEVO group were significantly better than those of the Skyline group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: In ACDF, both novel conventional plates and Zero-P can improve sagittal parameters and related scale scores. Compared to the Zero-P plate, the novel conventional plate has a greater advantage in correcting the curvature of the surgical segment, but the Zero-P plate is less likely to produce postoperative dysphagia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fundus neovascularization diseases are a series of blinding eye diseases that seriously impair vision worldwide. Currently, the means of treating these diseases in clinical practice are continuously evolving and have rapidly revolutionized treatment opinions. However, key issues such as inadequate treatment effectiveness, high rates of recurrence, and poor patient compliance still need to be urgently addressed. Multifunctional nanomedicine can specifically respond to both endogenous and exogenous microenvironments, effectively deliver drugs to specific targets and participate in activities such as biological imaging and the detection of small molecules. Nano-in-micro (NIM) delivery systems such as metal, metal oxide and up-conversion nanoparticles (NPs), quantum dots, and carbon materials, have shown certain advantages in overcoming the presence of physiological barriers within the eyeball and are widely used in the treatment of ophthalmic diseases. Few studies, however, have evaluated the efficacy of NIM delivery systems in treating fundus neovascular diseases (FNDs). The present study describes the main clinical treatment strategies and the adverse events associated with the treatment of FNDs with NIM delivery systems and summarizes the anatomical obstacles that must be overcome. In this review, we wish to highlight the principle of intraocular microenvironment normalization, aiming to provide a more rational approach for designing new NIM delivery systems to treat specific FNDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: In this study, the actor–partner interdependence mediation model (APIMeM) was applied to breast cancer patients and their caregivers to assess the factors that affect the fear of cancer recurrence. In particular, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the mediating effect of social support on financial toxicity and the fear of cancer recurrence, providing an effective basis for developing plans to reduce the level of fear of cancer recurrence. Methods: This study employed a cross-sectional design, and 405 dyads of breast cancer patients and their caregivers were enrolled. Financial toxicity, social support, and fear of cancer recurrence were assessed by computing comprehensive scores for financial toxicity based on patient-reported outcome measures, the Social Support Rating Scale, and the Fear of Cancer Recurrence Inventory Short Form, respectively. The data were analysed using SPSS 24.0 and AMOS 23.0. Results: The results showed that the fear of cancer recurrence of breast cancer patients and their caregivers was significantly related to dyadic financial toxicity and social support. In addition, the financial toxicity of breast cancer patients and their caregivers had significant actor effects and partner effects on the fear of cancer recurrence through dyadic social support. Conclusions: The financial toxicity of breast cancer patients and their caregivers could produce actor and partner effects on the fear of cancer recurrence through the mediation of social support, which provided empirical support for improving reducing the level of fear of cancer recurrence among patients and caregivers at the dyadic level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The combustion agglomeration of nano-aluminum (nAl) powder leads to incomplete combustion, which seriously hinders its application as metal fuel. In this work, nAl@AlF3 composites were produced by coating nAl with AlF3via a facile chemical deposition method. TEM and SEM analyses indicated that the AlF3 layer was evenly coated on the surface of nAl with a thickness of 4.6–9.1 nm, thereby varying the quantity of AlF3 applied. Experimental results from combustion indicated that the prepared nAl@AlF3 composites exhibit superior combustion efficiency, a higher combustion rate, and reduced combustion agglomeration as compared to raw nAl. Contrary to the widely accepted explanation that volatilization of AlF3 hinders Al combustion agglomeration, we proved that the gas–solid reaction between nAl and AlF3 plays an important role in inhibiting the sintering of nAl particles produced. The gaseous intermediate (i.e., AlOF and HF) released from the hydrolysis of AlF3 could reduce the diffusion barrier of Al2O3 to facilitate the reaction of Al core, which enhances the combustion reaction kinetics. More importantly, these gaseous products actively participate in the reaction cycle to continuously exert their catalytic effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terrestrial carbon storage (CS) plays a crucial role in achieving carbon balance and mitigating global climate change. This study employs the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways and Representative Concentration Pathways (SSPs-RCPs) published by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and incorporates the Policy Control Scenario (PCS) regulated by China's land management policies. The Future Land Use Simulation (FLUS) model is employed to generate a 1 km resolution land use/cover change (LUCC) dataset for China in 2030 and 2060. Based on the carbon density dataset of China's terrestrial ecosystems, the study analyses CS changes and their relationship with land use changes spanning from 1990 to 2060. The findings indicate that the quantitative changes in land use in China from 1990 to 2020 are characterised by a reduction in the area proportion of cropland and grassland, along with an increase in the impervious surface and forest area. This changing trend is projected to continue under the PCS from 2020 to 2060. Under the SSPs-RCPs scenario, the proportion of cropland and impervious surface predominantly increases, while the proportions of forest and grassland continuously decrease. Carbon loss in China's carbon storage from 1990 to 2020 amounted to 0.53 × 1012 kg, primarily due to the reduced area of cropland and grassland. In the SSPs-RCPs scenario, more significant carbon loss occurs, reaching a peak of 8.07 × 1012 kg in the SSP4-RCP3.4 scenario. Carbon loss is mainly concentrated in the southeastern coastal area and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei (BTH) region of China, with urbanisation and deforestation identified as the primary drivers. In the future, it is advisable to enhance the protection of forests and grassland while stabilising cropland areas and improving the intensity of urban land. These research findings offer valuable data support for China's land management policy, land space optimisation, and the achievement of dual-carbon targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using a corpus-based multi-dimensional analysis, this study investigates the linguistic features and variation of corporate blogs from four industries: Service industry, the Wholesale and Retail Trade industry, the Manufacturing industry, and Information industry. The primary goal of this study is to examine the linguistic variation in corporate blogs from different industries. The data used for the current study is a 570,745-word corpus consisting of 995 textual posts from 40 top-ranked corporate blogs. In the multi-dimensional analysis, 67 linguistic features in the corpus are tagged, counted and normalized by using a Multidimensional Analysis Tagger (MAT). We imported the output files containing relevant statistical information from the MAT and then to SPSS 25.0 for a further t-test analysis. Overall, the corporate blogs are closest to the text type of general narrative exposition. The study finds that, as a hybrid genre, corporate blogs are basically informationally dense, non-narrative, interactive, and contextually independent. There are some statistically significant differences between four sub-corpora in corporate blogs. In particular, the Wholesale & Retail Trade sub-corpus is the most distinctive one that is significantly different from others on many dimensions, characterized by giving instructions, or telling stories, rather than persuading their audiences to do something. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dural defects and subsequent complications, including cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leakage, are common in both spine surgery and neurosurgery, and existing clinical treatments are still unsatisfactory. In this study, a tissue-adhesive and low-swelling hydrogel sealant comprising gelatin and o -phthalaldehyde (OPA)-terminated 4-armed poly(ethylene glycol) (4aPEG-OPA) is developed via the OPA/amine condensation reaction. The hydrogel shows an adhesive strength of 79.9 ± 12.0 kPa on porcine casing and a burst pressure of 208.0 ± 38.0 cmH2O. The hydrogel exhibits a low swelling ratio at physiological conditions, avoiding nerve compression in the limited spinal and intracranial spaces. In rat and rabbit models of lumbar and cerebral dural defects, the 4aPEG-OPA/gelatin hydrogel achieves excellent performance in dural defect sealing and preventing CSF leakage. Moreover, local inflammation, epidural fibrosis and postoperative adhesion in the defect areas are markedly reduced. Thus, these findings establish the strong potential of the hydrogel sealant for the effective watertight closure of dural defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Osteoporosis (OP) is a bone metabolism disease that is associated with inflammatory pathological mechanism. Nonetheless, rare studies have investigated the diagnostic effectiveness of immune-inflammation index in the male population. Therefore, it is interesting to achieve early diagnosis of OP in male population based on the inflammatory makers from blood routine examination. We developed a prediction model based on a training dataset of 826 Chinese male patients through a retrospective study, and the data was collected from January 2022 to May 2023. All participants underwent the dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXEA) and blood routine examination. Inflammatory markers such as systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) and platelet-to-lymphocyte ratio (PLR) was calculated and recorded. We utilized the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression model to optimize feature selection. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was applied to construct a predicting model incorporating the feature selected in the LASSO model. This predictive model was displayed as a nomogram. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve, C-index, calibration curve, and clinical decision curve analysis (DCA) to evaluate model performance. Internal validation was test by the bootstrapping method. This study was approved by the Ethic Committee of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine (Ethic No. JY2023012) and conducted in accordance with the relevant guidelines and regulations. The predictive factors included in the prediction model were age, BMI, cardiovascular diseases, cerebrovascular diseases, neuropathy, thyroid diseases, fracture history, SII, PLR, C-reactive protein (CRP). The model displayed well discrimination with a C-index of 0.822 (95% confidence interval: 0.798–0.846) and good calibration. Internal validation showed a high C-index value of 0.805. Decision curve analysis (DCA) showed that when the threshold probability was between 3 and 76%, the nomogram had a good clinical value. This nomogram can effectively predict the incidence of OP in male population based on SII and PLR, which would help clinicians rapidly and conveniently diagnose OP with men in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The widespread use of smartphones implies that intelligent systems must address the negative emotions experienced by a diverse user group when encountering usability difficulties. Therefore, exploring the relationship between users' emotions and operational behaviors is crucial for further enhancing the accessibility of intelligent systems. Touch dynamics, as a method of dynamic touch data monitoring, has already provided many models for emotion recognition, which are beneficial in gaining insight into users' accessibility needs for smartphones and exploring intelligent solutions to design issues. This paper validates this aspect through interviews and experimental studies. The study first conducted an open-ended interview, and then used a touch behavior experiment with emotional labels and a questionnaire to validate the association between accessibility design flaws in intelligent systems and user emotions. The interview results show that middle-aged and older smartphone users have difficulty activating accessibility tools independently. Consequently, this paper establishes a dataset for emotion classification based on touch gesture data, which is used to gain insight into implicit difficulties in the interaction process through negative emotions. From a touch experiment and questionnaire survey of 57 sample users, there is approximately a 78.57% match between the accessibility needs of intelligent systems and users' negative emotions, with interaction fluency and interface cognition being the main reasons for this phenomenon. Therefore, touch dynamics, as a non-invasive method of emotion recognition, can use negative emotional feedback to gain insights into user needs that are difficult to detect by other methods. This has application value for enhancing users' emotional experience and promoting a transformation in interaction design thinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite quasi‐2D perovskite offering great control over the optoelectronic properties, disordered organic cations are often perceived as detrimental to device performance, primarily affecting charge carrier mobility. However, it is proposed that such disordered organic cations‐enabled excellent excitonic properties can be beneficial for fabricating high‐efficiency perovskite light‐emitting diodes (PeLEDs) facilitated by reduced dielectric screening effect. Here, by incorporating acetamidinium bromide additives, the conformational disorder of organic cation is precisely manipulated and meticulously probed using sum frequency generation vibrational spectroscopy. Finally, a distinctive inverse relationship is elucidated between the degree of conformational order, characterized as relative structure ordering , and key performance metrics such as photoluminescence quantum yield and external quantum efficiency (EQE). By optimizing the configurational disorder, sky‐blue (485 nm) PeLEDs achieve a noteworthy EQE of 14.42% and exhibit significantly prolonged operational stability in open‐air conditions. This finding underscores the potential advantages of disordered organic cations in enhancing exciton properties and radiative recombination efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the maintenance effect of two puncture methods using non-coring needles in children with totally implantable venous access device (TIVAD). Methods: The 110 children who received TIVAD implantation for short bowel syndrome and solid tumors in our department from 2021.12 to 2022.12 were selected as the study subjects. Blinded method was used and divided into experimental group and control group according to random number table The experimental group underwent painless surround puncture method to place the needles and compound lidocaine ointment for topical anesthesia, while the control group underwent traditional puncture method to complete this operation. The effects of the two puncture methods on pain, catheter seal fluid volume, and catheter occlusion rate were evaluated using the Facial Pain Scale Revised, Behavioral Assessment Scale, and in vitro digital subtraction angiography test. Results: In the control group, the degree of puncture pain was mild in 5 patients, moderate in 19 patients, and severe in 28 patients; the amount of catheter sealing solution was 9.32 ± 1.32 mL, and the catheter occlusion rate was 25.00%. In the experimental group, the degree of puncture pain was mild in 16 patients, moderate in 22 patients, and severe in 16 patients; the amount of sealing solution was 7.66 ± 1.08 mL, and the blocking rate was 9.26%. The total pain score in the experimental group was lower than that in the control group (5.23± 6.17 VS 7.89± 2.38). The difference between the two groups had statistical significance (P < 0.05). Conclusion: The use of the painless surround puncture method can effectively reduce the pain experienced by children during puncture, decrease the volume of catheter sealing fluid, reduce the rate of catheter blockage, provide a valuable basis for enhancing the maintenance effect of TIVAD in clinical practice for children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demand for high‐performance polarization‐sensitive perovskite photodetectors (PSPPDs) has driven research to develop new materials that enable efficient light harvesting and polarization detection. Herein, a PSPPD based on nanoimprinted quasi‐2D halide perovskite thin films with vertical gradient phase distribution is reported. The nanoimprinting method is utilized to create nanoscale linear patterns on the surface of the film. It enables polarized light detection and enhances absorption. According to the results of transient absorption analysis, a vertical gradient phase distribution along the longitudinal direction of quasi‐2D perovskite (PEA)2(MA)n‐1PbnI3n+1 (PEA+ = C6H5CH2CH2NH3+, MA+ = CH3NH3+, n = 3) is confirmed, which facilitates efficient carrier transfer and separation, leading to improved device performance. These PSPPDs demonstrate outstanding photo‐response with a large responsivity of ≈90 A W−1 and a high detectivity reaching the order of 1012 Jones. The photoluminescence of the quasi‐2D perovskite film exhibits an anisotropy ratio of 2.05, and the PSPPD reaches a polarization sensitivity of 1.68. These findings offer insight into the feasibility of developing perovskite materials for PSPPDs, which have potential applications in imaging, sensing, and communication technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Abnormal expression of protein tyrosine kinase 6 (PTK6) has been proven to be involved in the development of gynecological tumors. However, its immune-related carcinogenic mechanism in other tumors remains unclear. Objective: The aim of this study was to identify PTK6 as a novel prognostic biomarker in pan-cancer, especially in lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD), which is correlated with immune infiltration, and to clarify its clinicopathological and prognostic significance. Methods: The prognostic value and immune relevance of PTK6 were investigated by using bio-informatics in this study. PTK6 expression was validated in vitro experiments (lung cancer cell lines PC9, NCI-H1975, and HCC827; human normal lung epithelial cells BEAS-2B). Western blot (WB) revealed the PTK6 protein expression in lung cancer cell lines. PTK6 expression was inhibited by Tilfrinib. Colony formation and the Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay were used to detect cell proliferation. The wound healing and trans-well were performed to analyze the cell migration capacity. Then flow cytometry was conducted to evaluate the cell apoptosis. Eventually, the relationship between PTK6 and immune checkpoints was examined. WB was used to estimate the PD-L1 expression at different Tilfrinib doses. Results: PTK6 was an independent predictive factor for LUAD and was substantially expressed in LUAD. Pathological stage was significantly correlated with increased PTK6 expression. In accordance with survival analysis, poor survival rate in LUAD was associated with a high expression level of PTK6. Functional enrichment of the cell cycle and TGF-β signaling pathway was demonstrated by KEGG and GSEA analysis. Moreover, PTK6 expression considerably associated with immune infiltration in LUAD, as determined by immune analysis. Thus, the result of vitro experiments indicated that cell proliferation and migration were inhibited by the elimination of PTK6. Additionally, PTK6 suppression induced cell apoptosis. Obviously, PD-L1 protein expression level up-regulated while PTK6 was suppressed. Conclusion: PTK6 has predictive value for LUAD prognosis, and could up regulated PD-L1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Non‐small‐cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is a deadly form of cancer that exhibits extensive intercellular communication which contributed to chemoradiotherapy resistance. Recent evidence suggests that arrange of key proteins are involved in lung cancer progression, including gap junction proteins (GJPs). Methods and Results: In this study, we examined the expression patterns of GJPs in NSCLC, uncovering that both gap junction protein, beta 2 (GJB2) and gap junction protein, beta 2 (GJB3) are increased in LUAD and LUSC. We observed a correlation between the upregulation of GJB2, GJB3 in clinical samples and a worse prognosis in patients with NSCLC. By examining the mechanics, we additionally discovered that nuclear factor erythroid‐2‐related factor 1 (NFE2L1) had the capability to enhance the expression of connexin26 and connexin 31 in the NSCLC cell line A549. In addition, the use of metformin was discovered to cause significant downregulation of gap junction protein, betas (GJBs) by limiting the presence of NFE2L1 in the cytoplasm. Conclusion: This emphasizes the potential of targeting GJBs as a viable treatment approach for NSCLC patients receiving metformin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four-wave mixing (FWM) is an important technique for supercontinuum and frequency comb generation in the mid-infrared band. Here, we report simultaneous synthetic FWM in both the visible and mid-infrared bands by cascading quadratic nonlinear processes in a periodically poled lithium niobate (PPLN) crystal, which has a conversion efficiency that is 110 dB (at 3000 nm) higher than the FWM generated directly using third-order susceptibilities in bulk PPLN crystals. A general model of the proposed process is developed that shows full agreement with the experimental verification results. The frequency difference between the emerging frequency components can be tuned freely by varying the frequency difference between the dual pump lasers. Furthermore, by increasing the conversion bandwidth and the efficiency of the cascaded processes, it becomes feasible to generate frequency combs simultaneously in three bands, comprising the visible, near-infrared, and mid-infrared bands, via high-order cascaded processes. This work represents a route toward free-tuning multiband frequency comb generation with multi-octave frequency spanning that will have significant applications in fields, including mid-infrared gas sensing, lidar, and high-precision spectroscopy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shared electric vehicles (shared EVs) could be treated as energy storage and participate in electricity market services. In that case, the schedulable capacity that shared EV provide to grid in future time needs to be predicted accurately. Based on open data provided by a shared vehicle rental project, this research firstly proposes a method to build up schedulable capacity data set to prepare sample data for the deep learning‐based forecasting task. Secondly, a schedulable capacity forecasting model by MAML‐CNN‐LSTM‐Attention is proposed. Through the model, ultra‐short prediction (1 h) of aggregated schedulable vehicle‐to‐grid capacity of shared EVs is performed. The proposed model uses model‐agnostic meta‐learning (MAML) to optimize initial parameters of network to quickly adapt to changes in characteristics caused by different travel habits of different functional communities; uses two‐layer convolutional neural network (CNN) with long short‐term memory neural network (LSTM) and Attention mechanism to extract temporal‐spatial features of schedulable capacity for important historical moments. Simulation results show that the proposed model has a mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 1.13% and goodness of fit of 0.976, the MAML decreases the MAPE by 1.04%, its stability and accuracy were better than previous used models. The research can act as useful decision aids for shared EV operators to participate in market services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tumor cell clusters are regarded as critical factors in cancer pathophysiology, and increasing evidence of their higher treatment resistance and metastasis compared to single tumor cells has been obtained. However, existing cell separation methods that are designed for single tumor cells cannot be used to simultaneously purify tumor cell clusters. To address this problem, we demonstrated a microfluidic approach for the high-throughput, continuous-flow ternary separation of single tumor cells, tumor cell clusters, and WBCs from clinical pleural or abdominal effusions by coupling slanted spiral channels and periodic contraction-expansion arrays. We first systematically explored the influence of particle size and flow rate on particle focusing. The separation performance indicated that 94.0% of WBCs were removed and more than 97% of MDA-MB-231 tumor cells were recovered at a high flow rate of 3500 µL/min. Moreover, more than 90% of tumor cell clusters were effectively preserved after separation. Finally, we successfully applied our device for the ternary separation of single tumor cells, tumor cell clusters, and WBCs from different malignant effusions collected from patients with metastatic cancer. Thus, our spiral-contraction-expansion device has potential as a sample pretreatment tool for the cytological diagnosis of malignant effusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objects entering water is a complex multiphase flow event that exhibits nonlinear and transient characteristics. This study examines the impact cavities, multiphase flow characteristics, and motion behaviors of a cylinder during vertical water entry, considering different flow and entry velocities. A three-dimensional model was carried out using OpenFOAM® framework, taking into account the effects of wind and linearly sheared flow through newly customized initial and boundary conditions. The overset mesh technique was applied to capture the water entry trajectories of the moving cylinder. Numerical results for the cavity evolution and cylinder motion behaviors were validated against published laboratory tests. The cavity closure patterns were classified into four categories based on the evolution characteristics, which were found to be more complex than those observed under calm water and uniform current conditions. Furthermore, the rapid closure of the splash dome results in a unique cavity flow phenomenon, which creates a suction air channel. The velocities of the flow and water entry have a noticeable impact on the closure modes and time of the cavity. This, accordingly, affects the motion characteristics of the cylinder, as well as the evolution of the velocity field, pressure field, and vortex structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclides pollution and its biological effects are of great concern, especially for bryophytes during their terrestrial adaptation. Understanding PSII activity and electron transport response is vital for comprehending moss abiotic stress reactions. However, little is known about the photosynthetic performance of moss under nuclide treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the chlorophyll fluorescence of Racomitrium japonicum L. The moss was subjected to Sr2+ solutions at concentrations of 5, 50, and 500 mg/L to evaluate chlorophyll a fluorescence using the OJIP test. Moderate and high Sr2+ stress led to inner cell membrane dissolution and reduced chlorophyll content, indicating impaired light energy absorption. At 5 mg/L Sr2+, fluorescence kinetics showed increased light energy capture, energy dissipation, and total photosynthetic driving force, thus stimulating transient photosynthetic activity of PSII and improving PSI reduction. Linear electron transfer and PSII stability significantly decreased under moderate and high Sr2+ stress, indicating potential photosynthetic center damage. Cyclic electron transfer (CEF) alleviated photosynthetic stress at 5 mg/L Sr2+. Thus, low Sr2+ levels stimulated CEF, adjusting energy flux and partitioning to protect the photosynthetic apparatus. Nevertheless, significant damage occurred due to inefficient protection under high Sr2+ stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burn wounds are destructive skin traumas typically of irregular shape and large area. Prone to infection, they require frequent dressing replacement, and painless removal of dressings from burn wounds remains a major challenge. This study focuses on the dynamic characteristics and treatment difficulty of burn wounds. Hydrogel dressings based on glycol chitosan and propionaldehyde- or benzaldehyde-terminated 4-arm poly(ethylene glycol) were designed on the basis of Schiff base cross-linking networks. The hydrogels exhibited shape-adaptability, self-healing and fast-degradation properties, which makes these hydrogels suitable for burn wounds. Salvianolic acid B (SaB)-loaded hydrogel exhibited good antioxidant properties in vitro. In a rat model of deep second-degree burn wounds, the SaB-loaded hydrogel could quickly reduce wound temperature, regulate wound oxidant microenvironment, promote angiogenesis, and accelerate wound healing. Thus, the drug-loaded hydrogel shows significant potential as a first-aid dressing for treatment of burn wounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The increasing number of sequential treatments complicates the evaluation of overall survival (OS) in clinical trials for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), therefore, reliable surrogate endpoints (SEs) are required. This study aimed to evaluate the surrogacy of progression-free survival (PFS) and one-year (1-yr) milestone survival for OS in HCC trials. Methods: We systematically searched databases for randomized clinical trials that evaluated systemic treatments for advanced HCC. Individual patient data were reconstructed to calculate the 1-yr survival rate. We adopted a two-stage meta-analytic validation model to evaluate the correlation between SEs and OS, and the correlation between treatment effects on SEs and OS. The hazard ratio (HR) was calculated to assess the treatment effects on PFS and OS, and the 1-yr survival ratio was calculated to evaluate the treatment effects on the 1-yr milestone survival. Results: Thirty-two HCC trials involving 13,808 patients were included. A weak correlation was detected between the median PFS and median OS (R2 = 0.32), whereas the correlation improved between PFS HR and OS HR (R2 = 0.58). We identified strong correlations between the 1-yr survival rate and median OS and between the 1-yr survival ratio and OS HR (R2 = 0.74 and 0.65, respectively). In subgroup analyses, PFS HR strongly correlated with OS HR in trials relevant to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Although the correlation remained weak between PFS and OS even in trials with PFS HR ≤ 0.6, the 1-yr survival rate and 1-yr survival ratio were strong surrogates for median OS and OS HR, respectively (R2 = 0.77 and 0.75). Conclusions: One-year milestone survival outperformed PFS as a SE for OS in HCC, indicating the application of 1-yr survival as a secondary endpoint. In particular, PFS HR was a potential SE for OS HR in the ICI trials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A space in-orbit service simulation experiment platform is a type of equipment platform that allows spacecraft such as satellites and deep-space explorers to be adequately ground tested before launch. The function of the crane system is to drive the target spacecraft to perform a large-scale movement. This study focuses on the dynamics of a space in-orbit service simulation experiment platform with suspension rope and column quadrilateral truss structure as connecting devices. A space in-orbit service simulation experiment platform with a column quadrilateral truss structure as a connecting device is studied, modeled as a crane system–column quadrilateral truss structure–target spacecraft system. For the column quadrilateral truss structure, the equivalent beam model is used to make it equivalent based on the Timoshenko beam theory. The required equivalent stiffness parameters are determined and adjusted. The relative error between the finite element model and the corrected equivalent beam model of the column quadrilateral truss structure is no more than 4.7%. The results indicate that the accuracy of the modified equivalent beam model is sufficient. The improved equivalent beam model has excellent precision according to numerical calculations, and the derived equivalent stiffness parameters may be employed directly in dynamic modeling. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An Engineered Cementitious Composites (ECC)-Reinforced Concrete (RC) composite pier with high-strength steel bars was developed to address various deterioration concerns in bridges, such as reinforcement bar corrosion, decreased concrete strength, and inadequate seismic performance of RC piers. This paper focuses on the seismic performance of the bridge with ECC-RC composite piers with high-strength steel bars. The nonlinear finite element models of bridges with common RC piers and ECC-RC composite piers with high-strength steel bars are established using OpenSees. Considering the effect of chloride erosion during bridge service and the damage and repair of concrete cover, time-varying fragility curves for bridge piers, bearings, and the bridge system were established based on the Incremental Dynamic Analysis (IDA) and the Capacity Demand Ratio (CDR) analysis method, followed by a comprehensive analysis. The results show that when ECC with high-strength steel bars is adopted in the plastic hinge area of bridge piers, the exceeding probability of ECC-RC composite piers with high-strength steel bars is significantly reduced. However, it has minimal impact on the seismic fragility of the bearings. When the bridge was in service for 100 years, the exceeding probability of the ECC-RC composite bridge system with high-strength steel bars was reduced by 18.79%, 51.33%, 49.38%, and 19.5%, respectively, under four different damage states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Foraminoplasty is an important step in transforaminal endoscopic lumbar discectomy (TELD). A trephine is widely used in foraminoplasty. However, foraminoplasty using a trephine alone sometimes fails to remove the resected bone, resulting in the bone remaining in the foramen or spinal canal, which can potentially cause neurological irritation or injury. The objective of this study is to introduce a self‐designed tool, referred to as an anchoring drill, for use with a trephine in foraminoplasty in TELD and to evaluate its advantages. Methods: A retrospective review was performed to identify patients who underwent L4–5 TELD between January 2019 to January 2022. Foraminoplasty was performed in all patients. Depending on whether the anchoring drill was used or not, patients were divided into two groups. Surgery‐related parameters and complications were reviewed. Visual analog scale (VAS) and Japanese Orthopaedic Association (JOA) scores were also assessed for all patients. SPSS statistical software was used for statistical calculation. Results: A total of 100 patients were included (55 in the anchoring drill group and 45 in the trephine group). The incidence of residual bone fragments after foraminoplasty of the anchoring drill group was 9.09%, which was lower than that of the trephine group, at 33.33% (p < 0.05). The mean endoscopic operation time of the anchoring drill group was shorter than that of the trephine group (p < 0.05). The mean fluoroscopy time and duration of foraminoplasty showed no significant differences between the two cohorts. The total perioperative complication incidence was lower in the anchoring drill group, in which the neural irritation incidence showed a significant difference (anchoring drill group: 3.64%, trephine group: 17.78%, p < 0.05). VAS and JOA scores were significantly improved after the operation for all patients (p < 0.001), however, no statistical differences were found between the two groups at each follow‐up visit. Conclusion: The combination of a trephine with an anchor drill was demonstrated to be safe and effective in foraminoplasty in TELD, improving the success rate of foraminoplasty and reducing neurological complications compared to using trephine alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aluminum hydride (AlH3), as a potential new metal fuel, has attracted extensive attention in the field of hydrogen storage materials, propellants and energetic materials due to its excellent properties. In this paper, a new organic liquid phase reduction method was used to prepare AlH3, and the microstructure and composition of the prepared samples were characterized by SEM–EDS, XRD, FT-IR, XPS, etc. The main crystal phase of the prepared AlH3 was α-AlH3, with high quality and no other impurities. The thermal decomposition behavior and non-isothermal reaction kinetics of AlH3 were investigated by TG-DSC. The results show that there are three exothermic stages in the heating process of AlH3: dehydrogenation of AlH3, first oxidation of Al, and second oxidation of Al. The activation energy of the dehydrogenation of AlH3 is 77.8675 kJ/mol (Kissinger method) and 81.4862 kJ/mol (Ozawa method), respectively. The morphology evolution of AlH3 particles during the heating process (300–3000 K) was simulated using a reaction kinetics method based on the ReaxFF force field. The response behavior of AlH3 in the instantaneous high-temperature detonation environment was investigated using the high-energy laser-induced shock wave technique. Under the impact of a high-energy laser (1006 mJ), the AlH3 sample undergoes an ultra-fast reaction and generates a large amount of plasma. The expansion of the plasma pushes the surrounding air to form a supersonic shock wave and propagates forward. The shock wave propagation velocity of AlH3 is 690.99 m/s in the range of 2.1–12.35 μs, and the higher the laser energy, the faster the shock wave propagation velocity. This study provides the basis for the application of AlH3. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aggregation of the remaining battery capacity of electric vehicles (EVs) can be used as distributed energy storage to participate in the microgrid optimisation through vehicle‐to‐grid (V2G) technology. However, the reliability of this service to be delivered is affected by the uncertainty of EVs' behaviour. The un‐reliable service will bring risks in the operation of microgrid when EVs' V2G electricity is regarded as an important flexibility resource. This paper, first proposes an analytical method to quantify the reliability of EV aggregation's (EVA's) V2G electricity based on the analysis of historical charging data and compound Poisson process. Based on this model, electric vehicles aggregators can evaluate the V2G bid quantity for any time slot on day t+1 according to the reliability requirements. Secondly, an optimal operation model of microgrid with consideration of V2G's reliability is considered. Finally, a test system with photovoltaics (PVs) and EVA on top of the original IEEE 33‐node system is used to verify the effectiveness of the proposed model. The results show that with the proposed reliability evaluation method of V2G electricity, the optimal operation of the microgrid can be reached with appropriate evaluation of the capability of the EVA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melanoma is a melanocyte‐derived malignant cancer and is known for its early metastasis and high mortality rates. It is a highly cutaneous tumour disease that could be related to the abnormal immune microenvironment, and the identification of reliable diagnostic and prognostic markers is crucial for improving patient outcomes. In the search for biomarkers, various types of RNAs have been discovered and recognized as reliable prognostic markers. Among these, small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs) have emerged as a promising avenue for studying early diagnosis and prognostic markers in tumours due to their widespread presence in tissues, tumour specificity and stability. In our study, we analysed snoRNAs data from melanoma samples in the TCGA‐SKCM cohort and developed a prognostic model comprising 12 snoRNAs (SNORD9, SNORA31, SNORD14E, SNORA14A, SNORA5A, SNORD83A, SNORA75, AL096855, AC007684, SNORD14A, SNORA65 and AC004839). This model exhibited unique prognostic accuracy and demonstrated a significant correlation with the immune infiltration tumour microenvironment. Additionally, analysis of the GSE213145 dataset, which explored the sensitivity and resistance of immune checkpoint inhibitors, further supported the potential of snoRNAs as prognostic markers for immunotherapy. Overall, our study contributes reliable prognostic and immune‐related biomarkers for melanoma patients. These findings can offer valuable insights for the future discovery of novel melanoma treatment strategies and hold promise for improving clinical outcomes in melanoma patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Schizophrenia is a devastating neuropsychiatric disorder affecting 1% of the world population and ranks as one of the disorders providing the most severe burden for society. Schizophrenia etiology remains obscure involving multi-risk factors, such as genetic, environmental, nutritional, and developmental factors. Complex interactions of genetic and environmental factors have been implicated in the etiology of schizophrenia. This review provides an overview of the historical origins, pathophysiological mechanisms, diagnosis, clinical symptoms and corresponding treatment of schizophrenia. In addition, as schizophrenia is a polygenic, genetic disorder caused by the combined action of multiple micro-effective genes, we further detail several approaches, such as candidate gene association study (CGAS) and genome-wide association study (GWAS), which are commonly used in schizophrenia genomics studies. A number of GWASs about schizophrenia have been performed with the hope to identify novel, consistent and influential risk genetic factors. Finally, some schizophrenia susceptibility genes have been identified and reported in recent years and their biological functions are also listed. This review may serve as a summary of past research on schizophrenia genomics and susceptibility genes (NRG1, DISC1, RELN, BDNF, MSI2), which may point the way to future schizophrenia genetics research. In addition, depending on the above discovery of susceptibility genes and their exact function, the development and application of antipsychotic drugs will be promoted in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Circularly polarized light (CPL) adds a unique dimension to optical information processing and communication. Integrating CPL sensitivity with light learning and memory in a photonic artificial synapse (PAS) device holds significant value for advanced neuromorphic vision systems. However, the development of such systems has been impeded by the scarcity of suitable CPL active optoelectronic materials. In this work, we employ a helical chiral perovskite hybrid combined with single-wall carbon nanotubes to achieve circularly polarized ultraviolet neuromorphic vision sensing and imaging. The heterostructure demonstrates long-term charge storage as evidenced by multiple-pulsed transient absorption measurements and highly sensitive circular polarization-dependent photodetection, thereby enabling efficient CPL-resolved synaptic and neuromorphic behaviors. Significantly, our PAS sensor arrays adeptly visualize, discriminate, and memorize distinct circularly polarized images with up to 93% recognition accuracy in spiking neural network simulations. These findings underscore the pivotal role of chiral perovskites in advancing PAS technology and circular polarization-enhanced ultraviolet neuromorphic vision systems. Circularly polarized light adds a unique dimension to optical information processing and communication. Here, the authors present a development of a photonic artificial synapse device using chiral perovskite hybrid materials and carbon nanotubes. The heterostructure exhibits efficient synaptic and neuromorphic behaviors, enabling accurate recognition of circularly polarized images. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To investigate the relationship between triglyceride glucose (TyG) index and the total load of cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD) and its different imaging markers. Methods A total of 202 patients with CSVD admitted to The Third Hospital of Hebei Medical University from January 2020 to May 2022 were selected. The clinical data of all patients were collected and TyG index was calculated. The lacunes, cerebral microbleeds (CMBs), white matter hyperintensity (WMH) and enlarged perivascular space (EPVS) were evaluated by MRI, and total load of CSVD score was calculated. Results 1) TyG index and total load of CSVD score: Logistic regression analysis showed the male (OR = 2.245, 95%CI: 1.017-4.957; P = 0.045), increase of age (OR = 1.084, 95%CI: 1.046-1.124; P = 0.000), hypertension (OR = 2.457, 95%CI: 1.189-5.078; P = 0.015) and increase of TyG index (OR = 2.657, 95%CI: 1.353-5.216; P = 0.005) were risk factors for moderate and severe total load of CSVD. 2) TyG index and imaging markers of CSVD: Logistic regression analysis showed the increase of TyG index was the risk factor of moderate and severe WMH (OR = 2.313, 95%CI: 1.095-4.885; P = 0.028), CMBs (OR = 1.690, 95%CI: 1.011-2.824; P = 0.045), lacunes (OR = 2.087, 95%CI: 1.235-3.525; P = 0.006), moderate and severe EPVS in basal ganglia (OR = 2.005, 95%CI: 1.190-3.378; P = 0.009). Conclusions TyG index is associated with the total load and various imaging markers of CSVD, which can be used as a valuable biomarker to evaluate CSVD and its severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Energetic materials (EMs) have been widely employed in both military and civilian areas for nearly two centuries. The introduction of high-energy azide anions to assemble energetic metal–organic frameworks (EMOFs) is an efficient strategy to enhance energetic properties. However, azido-based EMOFs always suffer low stabilities to external mechanical stimulation. Herein, we employed an in situ hydrothermal reaction as a technique to refine azide anions with a neutral triazole-cyano-based ligand TrzAt (TrzAt = 2-(1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl)acetonitrile) to yield two tetrazole-based EMOFs, namely, [ZnBr(trmetz)]n1 and [Cd(trmetz)2]n2 (Htrmetz = 5-(1,2,4-triazol-1-ylmethyl)-1H-tetrazole). Compound 1 features a closely packed 2D layered network, while compound 2 exhibits a 3D architecture. With azide anions inlaid into a nitrogen-rich and chelating ligand in the EMOFs, compounds 1 and 2 present remarkable decomposition temperatures (Tdec ≥ 300 °C), low impact sensitivities (IS ≥ 32 J) and low friction sensitivities (FS ≥ 324 N). The calculated heat of detonation (ΔHdet) values of 1 and 2 are 3.496 and 4.112 kJ g−1, respectively. In particular, the ΔHdet value of 2 is higher than that of traditional secondary explosives such as 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT, ΔHdet = 3.720 kJ g−1). These results indicate that EMOFs 1 and 2 may serve as potential replacements for traditional secondary explosives. This work provides a simple and effective strategy to obtain two EMOFs with satisfactory energy densities and reliable stabilities through an in situ hydrothermal technique for desensitization of azide anions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Three monoruthenium complexes 1(PF6)2–3(PF6)2 bearing an N(CH3)-bridged ligand have been synthesized and characterized. These complexes have a general formula of [Ru(bpy)2(L)](PF6)2, where L is a 2,5-di(N-methyl-N'-(pyrid-2-yl)amino)pyrazine (dapz) derivative with various substituents, and bpy is 2,2′-bipyridine. The photophysical and electrochemical properties of these compounds have been examined. The solid-state structure of complex 3(PF6)2 is studied by single-crystal X-ray analysis. These complexes show two well-separated emission bands centered at 451 and 646 nm (Δλmax = 195 nm) for 1(PF6)2, 465 and 627 nm (Δλmax = 162 nm) for 2(PF6)2, and 455 and 608 nm (Δλmax = 153 nm) for 3(PF6)2 in dilute acetonitrile solution, respectively. The emission maxima of the higher-energy emission bands of these complexes are similar, while the lower-energy emission bands are dependent on the electronic nature of substituents. These complexes display two consecutive redox couples owing to the stepwise oxidation of the N(CH3)-bridged ligand and ruthenium component. Moreover, these experimental observations are analyzed by computational investigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]