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A normalized analytic function defined on the open unit disk is a bounded turning function if its derivative has positive real part. Such functions are univalent, and therefore, we find sufficient conditions for a function to be a bounded turning function. In this paper, we prove a general differential subordination theorem in terms of the derivative, the pre-Schwarzian derivative, and the Schwarzian derivative, providing sufficient conditions for a function to be a bounded turning function. We then apply the result to obtain several simple sufficient conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of magnetic nanostructures is interesting because of its applications. Some of them are the development of magnetic refrigerators, ferrofluids, drug delivery systems, fabrication of devices with giant magnetoresistance effects, and high-frequency transformers. The physical and chemical properties of metal changes due to silica coating. The interaction potential can be manipulated using surface coatings and also the particle shape can be controlled. Nanoparticles with a proper surface coating are of interest for several other applications in optoelectronic devices and in the biomedical field. Thus, developing a new synthetic route for these particles and investigating the stability of magnetic materials are of great importance. Silica coating improves the chemical stability and electrical resistivity of the material. In this study, Ni3Fe (core) nanoparticles were prepared and the silica shell for this core was synthesized. The as-prepared X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns and 300°C annealed sample of Ni3Fe/SiO2 shows a characteristic hump in the low angle range confirming the presence of amorphous cristobalite phase of SiO2. The size of the Ni3Fe cluster in the Ni3Fe/SiO2 composite was estimated to be 8 nm and 9 nm, respectively, for the as-prepared and annealed samples. Vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) measurements show the Ni3Fe to silica ratio to be 59:41. A small decrease in the coercivity value, is probably due to morphological changes associated with the coating. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) studies of the as-prepared and annealed Ni3Fe/SiO2 powder particles are of flowerlike morphology and in agglomeration. The impedance spectra were found at room temperature for the as-prepared samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the Hadamard factorization, the exponential radii of starlikeness and convexity for various special functions like Wright function, Lommel function, Struve function, Ramanujan type entire function, cross product and product of Bessel function have been investigated. For certain ranges of the parameters appearing in these special functions, the precise values of the exponential radii of starlikeness and convexity are calculated as the solutions of transcendental equations. The interlacing property of the zeros of special functions and their derivatives is the fundamental technique utilized to demonstrate these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some boundedness and convergence properties of generalized Fibonacci's‐type recurrences and their associated iterated recurrence ratios between pairs of consecutive terms are discussed under a wide number of initial conditions. Also, a more general, so‐called (k, q) Fibonacci's recurrence and the associated Fibonacci's ratio recurrences are investigated, where the constants k and q are the prefixed gains used to generate each new member of the recurrences from the two preceding ones. Some oscillation and periodicity conditions are also discussed depending on the initial conditions, while convergence and stability properties are also dealt with. The initial conditions of the recurrences can be fixed arbitrarily, so that both the well‐known standard Fibonacci recurrence and the Lucas recurrence are just particular cases. In the most general case, the initial conditions can be integer or real and of alternate signs. Later on, the manuscript deals with some further boundedness, oscillation, convergence, and stability properties of generalized Fibonacci recurrences and associated Fibonacci ratio recurrences being generated under, in general, recurrence‐dependent gain sequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cotton is one of the most important cash crop grown for its fibre, which is the raw material for the textile industry. In India, the average yield and profitability of cotton cultivation are low as compared to developing countries. The main reason for this is hand picking of bolls, which is labour intensive resulting into low income of cotton growers. Furthermore, in India, most of the cotton varieties are indeterminate where the bolls do not mature at the same time and thus requires repeated hand pickings. Whereas the developed countries have 100% mechanized cotton picking due to determinate or semi-determinate plant types. Adoption of mechanical harvesting in India is dependent upon the availability of suitable cotton varieties as well as defoliants, desiccants, boll openers, growth hormones and re-growth inhibitors (Thatikunta et al., 2018). Defoliation before cotton harvesting is very important to maintain the quality of produce. In this paper, a comprehensive review is presented on effect and timing of application of defoliants on physiological characteristics of cotton. This will help in developing further research proposals to develop plant types for mechanical harvesting and use of defoliates to produce good fiber quality and increased farm income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brown top millet distinguishes itself as unique due to its elevated levels of protein, carbohydrates, crude fibre, calcium, iron, and dietary fibre. Recently, it has gained recognition among various little millets for its significant potential to thrive in resource-poor and vulnerable ecological conditions. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the performance of this emerging Brown top millet in diverse and challenging soils prevalent in Tamil Nadu. The assessment primarily focused on its growth, yield, and yield attributes in these diverse soil environments. The pot experiment was conducted in the Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, during the Kharif 2023 season. Five problematic soils were collected from various zones in Tamil Nadu and compared with the millet-growing soils of TNAU, Coimbatore (Control), and tested in a randomized complete block design with four replications. Brown top millet's growth, yield, and yield attributes were calculated using the standard formula. The study revealed that the treatment of acidic soils of Annaikatti, Coimbatore district recorded significantly higher plant height (105.5 cm), Leaf area index (LAI) (2.13), Soil Plant Analysis Development chlorophyll meter value (28.5), dry matter production (26.68 g plant-1), number of effective tillers plant-1 (8.0), panicle length (17.6 cm), panicle weight (14 g), grain yield (12.7 g plant-1), and test weight (3.3 g) and found comparable with sandy clay loam soils of Eastern Block 37B TNAU, Coimbatore (Control). The lowest values were recorded with the sodic soils of ADAC& RI, Trichy. The present study concluded that the Brown top millet has shown its adaptability to acidic and moderate saline soils and could perform better with effective management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Anaerobic conditions in waterlogged soil affect germination rate significantly reducing rice yields. Under wet direct seeded condition, only limited availability of rice genotypes are suitable for anaerobic germination. So, there is an urgent need to identify rice genotypes for enhanced germination even under anoxic stress. Methods: Experiment was conducted in glass house, Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. In this study, 22 rice germplams with three replications were evaluated for seed and seedling traits underlying anaerobic germination tolerance. Main aim of this study is to explore the starch and sugar relation under anoxic stress and identifying tolerant genotypes for direct seeded rice cultivation. Result: Tolerant genotypes had early emergences, higher shoot and root length along with higher starch degradation and sugar accumulation under waterlogged condition. Cluster analysis revealed that Karuppukavuni, Kalanamak, CBMAS 14065 and Kodavilayan were identified as tolerant genotypes and suitable for wet direct seeded rice cultivation. Finally higher starch degradation coupled with higher accumulation of glucose and fructose were the key traits underlying anaerobic germination tolerance in tolerant genoytpes. Shoot length, root length and sucrose contents had higher genotypic coefficient of variance, phenotypic coefficient of variance coupled with high heritability indicating scope for enhancing anaerobic germination tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In Aerobic rice cultivation, crop would faces water and nutrient deficiency; it would be a difficult for roots to reach in those situations. During that stress situation Arbuscular Mycorrhizal fungi helps to observe water along with essential nutrients results out of efficiently increases the nutrient uptake. Methods: The field experiment was conducted during 2022 at wetland farms, Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The experiment consisted of thirteen treatments, which includes different recommended doses of VAM 50, 62.5 and 75 kg ha-1 together with different combinations of foliar application of 0.5% of urea, 0.5% of ZnSO4 and 1% of FeSO4. Result: The experiment results concluded that the combined application of 150 % of recommended dose of VAM and foliar application of 0.5% urea + 0.5% of ZnSO4 + 1% of FeSO4 at 25 and 45 DAS, significantly increased the nutrient uptake, by improving the morphology of shoot and root biomass under upland condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A drought-resistant plant with high adaptability to various climatic and soil conditions is castor (Ricinus communis L.). There is currently a significant expectation of increased castor oil demand on the global market. When it comes to crop development, there are a variety of factors to take into account for each growing region, especially when it is preferable to fit the castor crop to specific tillage practices and intercropping system. In this veneration, the current study's goal was to determine the effects of various tillage methods and legume crop-based intercropping system in rainfed regions. The field experiments were conducted in 2021-2022 and 2022-2023 at Tapioca and Castor Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Yethapur. The experimental treatments consisted of conventional tillage and minimum tillage as main plot and castor based inter cropping system @ 1:3 ratio viz., Castor + Greengram, Castor + Cowpea, Castor + Groundnut and Sole Castor as subplot treatments and conducted in split plot design with three replications. The pooled results of a two-year study of different tillage practices in legume crop based intercropping systems in rainfed conditions showed no significant difference among tillage practices relevant to growth, yield attributing characters, seed yield and biomass yield, however higher values were registered under conventional tillage practices over minimum tillage. Higher seed yield of both base (1152 kg ha-1) and inter crop (481 kg ha-1) were documented in conventional tillage practices over minimum tillage. With respect to inter cropping, higher base crop (castor) yield of 1058 kg ha-1 was recorded under castor + groundnut inter cropping system, which was observed to be on par with sole castor (1020 kg ha-1), and castor + greengram (907 kg ha-1). Recorded highest Castor equivalent yield in castor + groundnut (1:3) intercropping, grown under a conventional tillage system. Moreover, the maximum benefit-cost ratio was recorded in castor + groundnut (1:3) intercropping, over sole castor cropping. The highest Castor Equivalent Yield (CEY) in a conventional tillage system was observed in a castor + groundnut (1:3) intercropping system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider a subclass S L ∗ (λ) of starlike functions f satisfying the subordination z f ′ (z) / f (z) ≺ φ (z) where the function φ defined by φ (z) = (1 + z) λ , 0 < λ ≤ 1 , maps the open unit disk in the complex plane to a domain symmetric with respect to real axis in the right-half plane. Applying the admissibility condition technique in the theory of differential subordination developed by Miller and Mocanu, we investigate various subordination for functions to belong this class. As applications, we present several sufficient conditions of normalized analytic functions to be in this class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Good seed germination is a prerequisite for direct-seeded rice cultivation to withstand anaerobic conditions. In transplanted rice cultivation, labor costs and huge water requirements are major constraints. To overcome these problems, development of rice landraces with anaerobic germination (AG) tolerance is mandatory. In this study, 107 rice genotypes were grouped into tolerance/susceptible based on germination percentage. Anaerobic germination tolerance was associated with better germinability and faster coleoptile elongation with higher seed water content. Principal component analysis and cluster analysis under anoxic conditions revealed Karuppukavuni and Kalanamak as the most tolerant genotypes, while TKM13 and Anna R4 as moderately tolerant genotypes among the 22 rice genotypes evaluated for seed and coleoptile traits. The analysis of seed nutrient content revealed that major nutrients like N, P, K and Ca decreased under anaerobic stress. In contrast, micronutrients such as Fe, Cu and B increased under stress. Hormonal analysis showed that seed IAA along with its co-factor element Zn decreased in the tolerant genotypes while GA and α-amylase activities were increased. The study identified the black colored rice Karuppukavuni and Kalanamak for anaerobic germination tolerance. The key traits underlying the tolerance in the black colored rice are better imbibition of seed water coupled with higher coleoptile length and lower IAA and higher GA contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sufficient conditions are determined on the parameters such that the generalized and normalized Bessel function of the first kind, which is an elementary transform of the hypergeometric function and other related functions belong to subclasses of starlike and convex functions defined in the unit disk associated with the exponential mapping. Several differential subordination implications are derived for analytic functions involving Bessel function and the operator introduced by Baricz et al. [Differential subordinations involving generalized Bessel functions, Bull. Malays. Math. Sci. Soc. 38(3) (2015), 1255–1280]. These results are obtained by constructing suitable class of admissible functions. Examples involving trigonometric and hyperbolic functions are provided to illustrate the obtained results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Field experiments were conducted at Sugarcane Research Station, to find out the field efficacy of ecofriendly management of lesion nematode, Pratylenchus zeae in sugarcane. The experiment was laid out in randomized block design with thirteen treatments replicated three times. The initial nematode population was assessed prior to planting by analysing the soil samples. Soil samples were collected on 90, 180, 270 and 360 days after planting the cane. The soil samples were processed and analyzed for nematode population. The germination percentage was counted on 35 days after planting. The tiller count was taken up on 90 days after planting. Cane samples were collected on 10th month and analyzed the juice for commercial cane sugar percentage. The pooled analysis of the two years, main and ratoon crop data revealed significant reduction in the population of lesion nematode, Pratylenchus zeae in sugarcane plants treated with Carbofuran 3G 1kg a.i/ha followed by neem cake @ 2t/ha and Purpureocillium lilacinum 2.5kg/ha. Significant reduction in nematode population was observed upto harvest of the crop. The above treatment also significantly enhanced the cane yield. The treatment Carbofuran @ 1kg a.i/ha, neem cake 2t/ha and Purpureocillium lilacinum 2.5kg/ha resulted 79.87, 77.65 and 75.94 percent reduction in lesion nematode population over control. The above treatments also enhanced the no. of millable cane/ha, cane yield, sugar yield, commercial cane sugar and benefit cost ratio. The cost benefit ratio worked out for the treatments Carbofuran @ 1kg a.i/ha, neem cake 2t/ha and Purpureocillium lilacinum resulted 1:2.89, 1:2.66 and 1:2.58 respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The cotton growing farmers in India are facing major problem at the time of harvest due to labor shortages, asynchronized boll opening, leaf trash in the cotton, which is reducing the boll picking efficiency and fiber quality. Presently, the Indian cotton industry is moving towards mechanical harvesting by cotton harvester. Defoliation or leaf abscission is induced in cotton as a natural physiological process which usually is inadequate for a complete mechanical harvest of cotton. Defoliation before harvest is often induced by managing the plants so that senescence, abscission (separation) layer development and leaf drop are encouraged. Chemical defoliants induce leaf abscission, hasten mature boll dehiscence and inhibit regrowth. Selection of appropriate defoliants is one of the critical decisions in cotton production. Their use can result in increased manual as well as machine harvest efficiency, reducing boll rot and the trash in seed cotton. The physiological basis of defoliation in cotton is essential to understand the role of appropriate defoliant with time of application. Hence, the objective of the study was to evaluate the defoliation efficiency, boll opening percentage and to know the physiological basis of defoliation in response to different defoliants and time of application in high density Cotton cultivation which eases the mechanical harvesting. Methods: In this field investigation during 2018 - 2019 at Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore was carried with seven different defoliants and three different time of defoliants application were fixed based on crop maturity and duration of the crop. In this study, high density cotton variety CO 17 was used as experimental material. A series of lab and field analysis were determined on defoliation process, physiological attributes, boll opening percentage and seed yield and quality. The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis. Result: Our investigation exploring the effect of different defoliants on physiological, biochemical, yield and quality parameters of high density Cotton. Among the different defoliants and time of applications, two defoliants and two times of applications works better in terms of better defoliation, boll opening rate, physiology, yield and quality. The physiological and biochemical effects of defoliants on defoliation process were discussed. The present work will be useful for mechanized picking with these effective defoliants without loss of yield and quality loss in cotton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In rice belts, cultivation of rice under aerobic conditions provides an alternative way to reduce the enormous amounts of water usage, by using 50 percent of the water when compared to traditional cultivation. However, micronutrient deficiencies are more common in aerobic rice during its early stages of growth. Mycorrhizal fungi were found to be efficient in mobilizing the nutrients under aerobic situations. Methods: The field experiment was conducted in Department of Agronomy, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore. The experiment consisted of thirteen treatments which includes different recommended doses of VAM 50, 62.5 and 75kg ha-1 along with different combinations of foliar application of 0.5% urea, 0.5% ZnSO4 and 1% FeSO4. Result: The study revealed that combined application of 150 % of recommended dose of VAM and foliar application of 0.5% urea + 0.5% ZnSO4 + 1% FeSO4 at 25 and 45 DAS significantly increased the VAM colonization area, photosynthetic pigments and growth parameters such as plant height, shoot and root weight, root growth, leaf area index and yield attributes and it was found to be a better optionin rice cultivation to overcome the micronutrient deficiencies in its earlier stages under aerobic conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nerium is a versatile flowering plant requiring less labor and low input for commercial cultivations. The growers harvest the mature flower buds from late at night to early in the morning hours with the use of a headlight as the flowers exhibit full bloom in the morning. With this background, investigation was done under different conditions of lighting and water spraying in the form of fog in nerium variety 'pink' at Samakuttapatti village, Panamarathupatti Block, Salem district, Tamil Nadu, India. The plant height (268.00 cm) was maximum in the plants exposed with 450-495 nm of blue light for 6 h + water spray (fog) 15 min. for every 1 h. Inflorescence with the highest number of flower buds (9.25) and flower yield (230.80 g plant-1) were recorded in water spray (Fog) 15 min. for every 1 h which highly favored for harvesting between 5.30 A.M. and 7.30 A.M. or preferably in the previous day evening. The same treatment exerted the highest benefit cost ratio (2.83). The Principal Component analysis showed strong association with Percentage of unopened flower buds (POUP), Single flower bud weight (SFBW), Number of flower buds per inflorescence (NFB) and Total number of inflorescence plant-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forage maize breeders face a significant challenge in identifying genetic make-up that are superior for green fodder yield. Because it is influenced by polygenic trait. Therefore, understanding the relationship between biomass yield and other contributing characters would be very useful in selecting better genotype for improving green fodder yield. Forty one fodder maize inbred lines were evaluated in a randomized complete block design during June –September, 2021 to design selection index through various genetic and multivariate analyses to identify elite fodder maize inbreds for hybridization. The genotypes were evaluated for fourteen biometrical and four fodder quality traits. The association analysis revealed that plant height, leaf length, leaf breadth, number of nodes, stem girth, L/S ratio had highly significant contribution towards green fodder yield. The D2 analysis indicated that green fodder yield has contributed about 55.60 per cent to the total variation followed by dry matter yield for about 17.92%. The Multivariate Genotype- Ideotype Distance Index analysis identified six superior inbreds namely GETM 25, UMI 1210, UMI 1221, African Tall, GETM 69 and TNFM 139-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anaerobic germination is one of the important traits for direct seeded rice cultivation. Identification of tolerant rice genotypes is needed for improving early vigour under anaerobic germination. This study was aimed to identify a rapid and reliable protocol to identify the tolerant rice genotypes for anaerobic germination. Four screening methods viz., protrays, plastic trays, plastic tumbler and mud tumbler methods were developed and 22 rice genotypes were subjected to anoxic stress. Mud tumbler method was identified as the best screening protocol. Mud tumblers are eco friendly and also mimic the pot culture experiments. Principal component and cluster analysis revealed, Karuppukavuni and Kalanamak as tolerant genotypes. They recorded higher coloeptile traits and showed enhanced germination under early flooding. TKM13 and Anna R4 were identified as moderately tolerant genotypes under anaerobic germination. Higher genotypic coefficient of variance, phenotypic coefficient of variance coupled with high heritability was noticed in shoot length, crude protein and proline indicating scope for enhancing anaerobic germination tolerance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Certain differential subordination implications for multivalent functions defined on the unit disc and meromorphic multivalent functions on the punctured unit disc \ { 0 } are established. The results obtained generalize several earlier known results on differential inequalities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was done to study the extent of diversity among the released and popular varieties of India and advanced cultures in groundnut. D² analysis for 15 characters resulted in the formation of nine clusters among the 30 genotypes studied. Highest intra-cluster distance was recorded for cluster VI followed by III, V, II and VII. Maximum inter-cluster distance was recorded between clusters VIII and IX followed by between clusters III and IX and between clusters VII and VIII. Based on mean performance, intra and inter-cluster distance, the genotypes of cluster VI (ALR 1 and COG0539) could be used for increasing the shelling per cent, oil content, pod yield / plant and no. of primary branches / plant. The genotypes in cluster III (CO 1, COG0549 and BSR 2) can be used for improving number of mature pods/ plant, hundred kernel weight, leaf area index and cluster VIII (JL 24) for total biomass and kernel yield / plant for trait based improvement programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Assessment of genetic distance between parents and selection of diverse parents are extensively used in many crops. Current study focuses the importance of genetic distance assessed through SSR markers (GDMOL) and morphological traits (GDMOR) in 28 fodder maize inbred lines and its impact on heterotic expression in resultant 195 single cross fodder maize hybrids. While comparing the mean green fodder yield in top performing hybrids synthesised with parents of higher GDMOL and GDMOR, it is understood that the genetic distance had definite impact on yielding heterotic hybrids with superior green fodder yield. It is evident from identification of a single cross UMI 1200 X GETM 25 with parents of greater GDMOL and GDMOR and a cross N 66 X DM 12-4 with parents of higher GDMOR recorded greater green fodder yield and superior standard heterosis (20.88%). The correlation studies revealed significant positive association between higher GDMOL of parents and heterotic performance of hybrids for crude protein and desirable negative association with crude fibre, ADF and NDF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, a set of six female (lines) and seven male (testers) parents of pearl millet were crossed in Line × Tester mating fashion. The newly synthesized hybrids were evaluated for yield performance during Summer, 2020. The high magnitude of SCA variance indicates the predominance of non-additive gene action for all the characters. Hence, the heterosis breeding method is suggested to exploit this kind of gene action. The estimates of gca effects for yield and its component characters were high in the line ICMB 04111 and the tester PT 6029. Considering the per se performance, gca of parents, sca effect and standard heterosis over hybrid CO 9 for yield and yield related characters, the hybrid combination ICMB 04111 × PT 6029 was identified as superior followed by ICMB 04111 × PT 6317, ICMB 15666 × PT 7043 and ICMB 99222 × PT 6029. Hence, these hybrids could be further evaluated and exploited commercially. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For a function f starlike of order α , 0 ⩽ α < 1 , a non-constant polynomial Q of degree n which is non-vanishing in the unit disc D and β > 0 , we consider the function F : D → C defined by F (z) = f (z) (Q (z)) β / n and find the largest value of r ∈ (0 , 1 ] such that r - 1 F (r z) lies in various known subclasses of starlike functions such as the class of starlike functions of order λ , the classes of starlike functions associated with the exponential function, cardioid, a rational function, nephroid domain and modified sigmoid function. Our radii results are sharp. We also discuss the correlation with known radii results as special cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, we investigate the sufficient conditions for an analytic function f defined in the open unit disk D ⊆ C satisfying f (0) = f ′ (0) - 1 = 0 , such that the function f satisfies z f ′ (z) f (z) 2 - 1 < 2 z f ′ (z) f (z) , (z ∈ D). Let H (D) denote the class of analytic functions defined in D and let H [ 1 , n ] : = { p n ∈ H (D) : p n (z) = 1 + a n z n + a n + 1 z n + 1 +... } , n ∈ N . We derive the admissibility conditions for the function q (z) : = z + 1 + z 2 , which maps D to the crescent-shaped region and use it to establish the result if the function p n ∈ H [ 1 , n ] with Re p n (z) > 2 - 1 satisfies the second ordered differential condition | z 2 p n ″ (z) / p n (z) | < (n 2 (1 + 2) - 2 n) / 2 2 , (z ∈ D) then p n ≺ q . We also find several first order differential sufficient conditions for the function p n to obey the subordination p n ≺ q . Moreover, we provide examples to demonstrate the existence of the functions p n ∈ H [ 1 , n ] to satisfy these sufficient conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salinity is one of the major abiotic stresses affecting rice growth and yield worldwide. In rice, the most critical stages which affect salinity at a greater level are germination, vegetative and reproductive stages.It is very important to know the genotypic variation among landraces under saline conditions at the seed germination stage to reduce the harmful effect of salinity. The present study conducted on Petri plate was mainly for assessing germination, relative water content and seedling parameters of eleven rice landraces with check landrace Pokali under three different salt concentrations (75mM, 125mM and 150mM). Twoway ANOVA gave the variations among the genotypes, treatments and their interactions. The present study showed that Mundan, Odiyan, Muttadan, Kallimadiyan and Vellimuthu had less percentage reduction in growth parameters at the germination stage. Odiyan and Mundan showed less percentage reduction in fresh weight (36.09%) and shoot length (25.61%) respectively, in relative water content (10.70% and 16.07%, respectively) at higher concentrations of salinity (150mM) compared to control. Pokali, Chembakam and Odiyan showed good germination parameters under three different saline treatments compared to other genotypes. Biplot analysis showed 65.4% variation between the treatments, whereas the variation between the genotypes was around 13.3%. Screening of landraces for salinity tolerance at the seed germination stage is the most reliable method to identify the salt tolerant line at the early seedling stage. The present study can be used for further screening programme at the vegetative stage for the identification of potential salt tolerant lines to improve breeding and gene introgression studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diverse source of early genotypes is obligatory for breeding high yielding early castor (Ricinus communis L.) cultivars. One hundred and twenty-five medium duration genotypes including three checks were evaluated for the presence of genetic diversity and variability. Genetic distance, variance components and correlation coefficients were estimated for seven seed related quantitative traits. Significant genotypic differences were observed among the collections for these traits. High heritability and high genetic advance were noticed for seed length, seed breadth, Length/Breadth ratio, shelling percentage, 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant, thus mode of gene action reported was additive. Genetic diversity analysis based on dendrogram, phenogram and circular form grouped the entries into seven groups and it computed inter and intra cluster distance. Principal Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that the first three components cumulatively accounted for 72.57 per cent of the total variation. Seed yield per plant showed a significant association with shelling percentage and 100 seed weight. Also, direct effects were high and positive through seed breadth, Length/Breadth ratio and 100 seed weight. The promising genotypes identified (ICIRG 2272103 and RG 1673) and the information generated would be useful for breeding early/medium cultivars as well to understand the physiological mechanism related to earliness in castor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is axiomatic that castor (Ricinus communis L.) is an industrially important oil crop with wide use. Though it is possible to augment oil yield by selecting appropriate parental lines, seed yield of the parents should also be given due weightage to meet out the increasing oil demand. Hence, it is imperative to improve the seed yield by breeding elite hybrids/varieties. Morphological description of 208 castor genotypic population for eight qualitative traits was carried out and considerable polymorphism existed among the collection. Maximum genotypes were R2 and R3 morphotypes because of the dominant nature of red stem color and blooming nature. K means clustering separated the genotypes into 20 clusters with cluster 4 and 20 as well separated ones. Cluster 4 could serve as female parent since the cluster was composed of pistillate lines and cluster 20 as male parent during hybridization. Path coefficient analysis supported the correlation coefficient that effective spike length and capsule weight showed high positive direct effects with seed yield. Also, the analysis revealed primary spike length and effective length of primary spike as the variables with the largest weightage. The first four components accounted for 75.95% of the variation cumulatively. The components were rotated with varimax rotation and the variability contribution was similar to the normal (76%). High communality values specified the reliability of the studied variables in explaining the total variation. Considering both cluster analysis and PCA, the genotypes SKP 84, DPC 19, JP 65, JC 3, JC 26, RG 27, ICS 210 and RG 3477 possessed superior agronomic performance. Hence, these genotypes/germplasms had immense value as parents in breeding varieties/hybrids to meet out the global oil demand. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on using the theory of differential subordination as investigate differential inequalities satisfied by an analytic function w defined on the unit disc, that imply the boundedness of the function w. Topics include considered the results are applied to find sufficient conditions for the normalized analytic functions to be either starlike or close-to-convex.

The function G α (z) = 1 + z / (1 - α z 2) , 0 ≤ α < 1 , maps the open unit disk D onto the interior of a domain known as the Booth lemniscate. Associated with this function G α is the recently introduced class BS (α) consisting of normalized analytic functions f on D satisfying the subordination z f ′ (z) / f (z) ≺ G α (z) . Of interest is its connection with known classes M of functions in the sense g (z) = (1 / r) f (r z) belongs to BS (α) for some r in (0, 1) and all f ∈ M . We find the largest radius r for different classes M , particularly when M is the class of starlike functions of order β , or the Janowski class of starlike functions. As a primary tool for this purpose, we find the radius of the largest disk contained in G α (D) and centered at a certain point a ∈ R . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let f be an analytic function defined on the open unit disc , with f (0) = f ′ (0) − 1 = 0 , satisfying the subordination z f ′ (z) / f (z) ≺ L s (z) : = (1 + s z) 2 , where 0 < s ≤ 1 / 2 . The domain L s () is bounded by a Limaçon and the function f is called starlike function associated with Limaçon domain. For (1 − s) 2 < a < (1 + s) 2 , we find the smallest disc (a ; R a) and the largest disc (a ; r a) , centered at (a , 0) such that the domain L s () is contained in (a ; R a) and contains (a ; r a). By using this result, we find the radius of Limaçon starlikeness for the class of starlike functions of order α (0 ≤ α < 1) and the class of functions f satisfying Re (z f ′ (z) / f (z)) < β , 1 < β < 4 / 3. We give extension of our results for Janowski starlike functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Early duration drought tolerant rice culture CB 06803, a derivative of the cross PMK (R ) 3 x Norungan was released as Rice CO 53 during the year 2020 as an alternate variety for Anna(R)4, with 115 -120 days duration. It possesses desirable features like high yield, drought tolerance and better physiological efficiency. This culture with semi dwarf stature has efficient tillering capacity, long droopy panicles with a highly acceptable plant characters and is a replacement for the rice variety Anna (R) 4 due to its grain yield and pest and disease resistance. In the overall yield analysis, the culture CB06803 recorded an overall mean grain yield of 3718 kg/ha which was 12.19 per cent increase over TKM (R) 12 and 14.08 per cent over Anna (R) 4 under dry condition. Under semi dry condition, it recorded 3866 kg/ha with 18.40 per cent increase over TKM (R) 12 and 8.67 per cent over Anna (R) 4. It is moderately resistant to WBPH, leaf blast, neck blast, sheath rot, brown spot and RTD under artificial condition. It has white short bold rice with high milling percentage (69.6), head rice recovery (59.6%) and suitable for idly making. The culture, CB 06803 had better agronomic efficiency than TKM (R)12 and Anna (R) 4 by recording more number of productive tillers per plant and grain yield under control and drought. The culture CB 06803 had better physiological efficiency under drought than TKM (R) 12 and Anna (R) 4 having higher RWC, total chlorophyll content, chlorophyll stability index, photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance and photo chemical efficiency. The culture had higher proline content than TKM (R) 12 and was on par with Anna (R) 4. It had higher catalase activity than Anna (R) 4. CB 06803 had better physiological efficiency under drought by showing partial closure of stomata as that of Sahbagidhan. CO 53 with higher grain yield under drought, disease resistance and short bold grains and suitable for cultivation in drought prone districts of Tamil Nadu as direct seeded rainfed or semi dry rice ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Castor is an important industrial oilseed crop utilized for multivarious applications. Augmenting seed yield in long duration castor varieties is of utmost importance to meet the increasing oil demand and also to make them suitable for inter/border cropping. Understanding the genetic diversity in base population of monoecious lines and interrelationship between economic traits are very much important to formulate suitable genetic improvement programmes. In this regard, seed morphological characterization and genetic diversity was assessed in 62 late flowering monoecious lines. Predominance of brown colour, ellipsoid shape and conspicuous mottling with caruncle was observed among the genotypes. Cluster analysis grouped them into eight different clusters. Maximum inter cluster distance was found between cluster VI and VIII, whereas intra cluster distance was high in cluster II. Cluster VI recorded the highest cluster mean for 100 seed weight and seed yield per plant (44.56 g and 174 g, respectively). Association studies revealed 100 seed weight and shelling percentage to be the significant traits for indirect selection of yield. In conclusion, the cluster VI has potential genotypes to utilize in developing high yielding varieties and male parent donor for hybrid breeding. The diverse genotypes identified from this study could be given priority during recombination breeding to get diverse segregants and for further molecular analysis like mapping population development and QTL/gene identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice is one of the leading cereal crops that consumed over half of the world’s population. The number of grains per panicle is the main trait to decide grain yield potential of rice. Rice germplasm have rich diversity for panicle related trait. Hence, a study was undertaken to screen 77 diverse rice germplasm for grain number per panicle and its contributing traits. Mahalanobis’ D2 analysis was performed to study genetic diversity among the germplasm. Eight clusters were formed and cluster IV was found to be the largest cluster with 37 genotypes. Cluster V had 20 genotypes with the highest cluster mean value of 298 for the number of grains per panicle. Grain yield per plant and the number of spikelets per panicle were found to be the biggest contributor for total divergence. QTL linked markers were screened in diverse rice germplasm. Among the six QTLs screened, five QTLs were significantly associated with grain number per panicle and its relevant traits. For grain number per panicle the QTLs, Gn1a (0.1058), qGN 4.1 (0.117) and NGP 4 (0.062) recorded high R2 values. Among the markers, Gn1a indel 3 (GN1a), NKSSR 04-19 (q GN 4.1), RM 6314 (NGP 4) and RM1183 (NOG 1) were identified as the most informative markers for utilization in marker assisted breeding programme. From this study, genotypes viz., Kallukar, CO52, IET 29504, IET 29506, RP-5594-97-5-1, MTU1360, ADT 54 possess high mean value for grain number per panicle and grain yield, linked with functional markers could be used as a donor in marker assisted breeding programme. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was carried out in the Department of Oilseeds, during rabi, 2021 at Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore to study the genetic variability, correlation and path analysis using thirty promising genotypes of groundnut. Kernel yield and its component characters were recorded. The magnitude of PCV and GCV values were higher for the characters viz., number of branches, total biomass, 100 kernel weight, leaf area ratio and leaf area index. Total number of branches, total biomass and 100 kernel weight exhibited high heritability and high genetic advance as per cent of mean. Kernel yield showed significant positive association with pod yield, mature pods, number of pods and shelling percentage. The importance of these characters was also confirmed through path analysis, as they had direct implications on kernel yield. As a result, selection based on these traits will result in increased kernel yield in groundnut. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ma–Minda class (of starlike functions) consists of normalized analytic functions f defined on the unit disk for which the image of the function z f ′ (z) / f (z) is contained in some starlike region lying in the right-half plane. In this paper, we obtain the best possible bounds on some initial coefficients for the inverse functions of Ma–Minda starlike functions. Further, the bounds on the Fekete–Szegö functional and the second Hankel determinant are computed for such functions. In addition, some sharp radius estimates are also determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A starlike univalent function f is characterized by z f ′ (z) / f (z) ; several subclasses of starlike functions were studied in the past by restricting z f ′ (z) / f (z) to take values in a region Ω on the right-half plane, or, equivalently, by requiring z f ′ (z) / f (z) to be subordinate to the corresponding mapping of the unit disk to the region Ω. The mappings w i , i = 1 , 2 , 3 , defined by w 1 (z) : = z + 1 + z 2 , w 2 (z) : = 1 + z and w 3 (z) : = e z map the unit disk to certain nice regions in the right-half plane. For normalized analytic functions f with f (z) / g (z) , g (z) / (z p (z)) and p (z) are subordinate to the function w i for some analytic functions g and p , we determine the sharp radius for them to belong to various subclasses of starlike functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We consider three classes of functions defined using the class P of all analytic functions p (z) = 1 + c z + ⋯ on the open unit disk having positive real part and study several radius problems for these classes. The first class consists of all normalized analytic functions f with f / g ∈ P and g / (z p) ∈ P for some normalized analytic function g and p ∈ P . The second class is defined by replacing the condition f / g ∈ P by | (f / g) - 1 | < 1 while the other class consists of normalized analytic functions f with f / (z p) ∈ P for some p ∈ P . We have determined radii so that the functions in these classes to belong to various subclasses of starlike functions. These subclasses includes the classes of starlike functions of order α , parabolic starlike functions, as well as the classes of starlike functions associated with lemniscate of Bernoulli, reverse lemniscate, sine function, a rational function, cardioid, lune, nephroid and modified sigmoid function. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Some differential implications of classical Marx–Strohhäcker theorem are extended for multivalent functions. These results are also generalized for functions with fixed second coefficient by using the theory of first order differential subordination which in turn, corrects the results of Selvaraj and Stelin (Int J Math Anal 9(18): 883–895, 2015). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Let p be an analytic function defined on the open unit disc D with p (0) = 1 and 0 < α ≤ 1 . The conditions on complex valued functions C, D, and E are obtained for p to be subordinate to ((1 + z) / (1 - z)) α when C (z) z 2 p ′ ′ (z) + D (z) z p ′ (z) + E (z) p (z) = 0 . Sufficient conditions for confluent (Kummer) hypergeometric function and generalized and normalized Bessel function of the first kind of complex order to be subordinate to ((1 + z) / (1 - z)) α are obtained as applications. The conditions on α and β are derived for p to be subordinate to ((1 + z) / (1 - z)) α when 1 + β z p ′ (z) / p n (z) with n = 1 , 2 is subordinate to 1 + 4 z / 3 + 2 z 2 / 3 = : φ CAR (z) . Similar problems were investigated for Re p (z) > 0 when the function p (z) + β z p ′ (z) / p n (z) with n = 0 , 2 is subordinate to φ CAR (z) . The condition on β is determined for p to be subordinate to ((1 + z) / (1 - z)) α when p (z) + β z p ′ (z) / p n (z) with n = 0 , 1 , 2 is subordinate to ((1 + z) / (1 - z)) α . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sharp estimates on β in Briot-Bouquet differential subordination p(z) + βzp′(z)/p(z) ≺ h(z) are obtained so that its solution p is subordinate to some specific Carathéodory functions. As an application, the estimates on β are obtained so that the integral operator β-1 ∫0z ƒ¹/β(t)t-1dt maps the class of starlike functions ƒ satisfying zƒ′(z)ƒ(z) ≺ 1+z to various subclasses of class of starlike functions. Further, a sufficient condition is established for parabolic starlikeness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Theory of differential subordination provides techniques to reduce differential subordination problems into verifying some simple algebraic condition called admissibility condition. We exploit the first order differential subordination theory to get several sufficient conditions for function satisfying several differential subordinations to be a Janowski function with positive real part. As applications, we obtain sufficient conditions for normalized analytic functions to be Janowski starlike functions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farmer adoption for newly released variety is primarily based on the sucrose content, quality and market value of powdered jaggery. Therefore, the present investigation was conducted during 2019-20 at Sugarcane Research Station, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Cuddalore, Tamil Nadu, India to explore the opportunities for higher powdered jaggery production from two varieties viz., CoC 13339 and CoC 25 which were recently released from this station and compared with the quality attributes of the ruling variety Co 86032 (Control variety). Among the varieties, CoC 13339 recorded Total Soluble Solids (TSS) of 92°Brix with Jaggery Recovery Percentage (JRP) of 10.12% while TSS (95°Brix) and JRP (9.71%) were noted in CoC 25. The moisture content was recorded as 6.51% in CoC 13339, 6.90% in CoC 25 and 6.82% in Co 86032 (control). The reducing sugar content was higher in the variety Co 86032 (7.73%) followed by 7.52% in CoC 25 and 6.51% for CoC 13339, respectively. The most important parameter, the sucrose content was comparatively higher in CoC 13339 (89.1%) and in the control variety Co 86032 (87.4%). The total phenolic content of the powdered jaggery were 3.12, 3.20 and 3.59 mg GAE/g for the varieties CoC 25, Co 86032 and CoC 13339, respectively. Therefore, the variety CoC 13339 yielded good quality powdered jaggery which is of commercial preference and would serve as an alternative to the existing cane varieties for jaggery production. With regard to jaggery colour, the variety CoC 25 appeared deep straw yellow colour while CoC 13339 in dark yellow colour with high organoleptic score of 98%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A high yielding white seeded sesame culture VS 07 023 was developed at Regional Research Station, Vridhachalam and released as VRI 3 during 2017. It is a cross derivative of SVPR 1 and TKG 87. The culture was evaluated during rabi and summer seasons. The culture VS 07 023 has registered an overall grain yield of 995 kg/ha which was 22.74 and 17.33 per cent yield increase over the check SVPR 1 (811kg/ha) and TMV (SV) 7 (848 kg/ha), respectively over 95 locations during rabi season. Similarly, the culture VS 07 023 has registered remarkably a higher mean seed yield of 1055 kg/ha against the check SVPR 1 (862 kg/ha) and TMV (SV) 7 (928kg/ha). The per cent increase in the mean seed yield over the check was 22.49 (SVPR 1) and 13.77 per cent (TMV (SV) 7). The culture is moderately resistant to Macrophomina root rot disease. The culture VS 07 023 is white seeded containing 50 per cent oil content and exhibited a profuse branching suitable for rabi and summer irrigated conditions. In view of stable performance of sesame culture VS 07 023, it was released as a new sesame variety VRI 3 during 2017 by Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore for cultivation in major sesame growing districts of Tamil Nadu during rabi and the summer irrigated conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper studies analytic functions f defined on the open unit disk of the complex plane for which f/g and (1 + z)g/z are both functions with positive real part for some analytic function g. We determine radius constants of these functions to belong to classes of strong starlike functions, starlike functions of order α, parabolic starlike functions, as well as to the classes of starlike functions associated with lemniscate of Bernoulli, cardioid, lune, reverse lemniscate, sine function, exponential function and a particular rational function. The results obtained are sharp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation was undertaken to find out the occurrence of nematodes, in sugarcane cultivation area of Tamil Nadu. 275 soil samples were collected from 20 locations of Tamil Nadu. A total of 11 nematodes genera were recorded. They are Pratylechus, Helicotylenchus, Meloidogyne, Rotylechulus, Helicotylenchus, Tylenchorhynchu, Xiphinema, Paratrichodorus, Belonolaimus, Hemicycliophora and Criconemella. Pratylenchus was found to be in higher number (42.67) with 99.98% absolute frequency in all the areas surveyed. The prominence and importance value for Pratylenchus was 42.35and 30.49 respectively followed by Helicotylenchus i.e prominence value, 17.65 and importance value, 13.64. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sufficient conditions are obtained on the parameters of Lommel function of the first kind, generalized Struve function of the first kind, and the confluent hypergeometric function under which these special functions become exponential convex and exponential starlike in the open unit disk. The method of differential subordination is employed in proving the results. Few examples are also provided to illustrate the results obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A normalized analytic function f is lemniscate starlike if the quantity z f ′ (z) / f (z) lies in the region bounded by the right half of the lemniscate of Bernoulli | w 2 - 1 | = 1 . It is Janowski starlike if the quantity z f ′ (z) / f (z) lies in the disk whose diametric end points are (1 - A) / (1 - B) and (1 + A) / (1 + B) for - 1 ≤ B < A ≤ 1 . The radii of lemniscate starlikeness and Janowski starlikeness have been determined for normalizations of q-Bessel functions, Bessel functions of first kind of order ν and Lommel functions of first kind. Corresponding convexity radii are also determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]