Search

Zeolite imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8), which is a special subgroup of metal–organic frameworks (MOFs), was synthesized and modified by ethylenediamine (ZIF-8-EDA) to prepare an efficient adsorbent for the high sorption of Cd2+ ions from solution. The synthesized and modified ZIF-8 (ZIF-8-EDA) were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy, Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET), field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) with energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis. The optimum conditions for dosage of adsorbent, initial ion concentration, pH, and contact time were 0.05 g/l, 50 mg/l, 6, and 60 min, respectively, for cadmium ion sorption from aqueous solutions with a removal efficiency of 89.7% for ZIF-8 and 93.5% for ZIF-8-EDA. Adsorption kinetics and equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich equations. The Langmuir model fitted the equilibrium data better than the Freundlich model. According to the Langmuir equation, the maximum uptake for the cadmium ions was 294.11(mg/g). The calculated thermodynamic parameters (ΔG°, ΔH°, and ΔS°) indicated that the adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic at 20–50 °C. Based on the results, the amino functionalized ZIF-8 had improved adsorption performance due to the replacing of the starting linker with organic ligands that had effective functional groups, leading to chemical coordination due to the interaction of metal ions with the non-bonding pair of electrons on the N atoms of the amino functional group. The selectivity toward metal ion adsorption by ZIF-8-EDA was Cd2+ > Pb2+ > Ni2+‏. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study compared school-aged monolingual and bilingual English-as-a-foreign-language (EFL) learners in terms of understanding metaphors on recall, multiple-choice, and reasoning tasks. It also examined the relationship between cognitive capacity and understanding metaphors on different measures. A hundred and thirty Persian–Turkish early bilinguals and 122 monolingual Persian-speaking EFL learners took three different tests of metaphor comprehension and the Figural Intersections Test, a test of cognitive capacity. Bilinguals outperformed monolinguals in terms of cognitive capacity and understanding metaphors on two of the tasks, though with a small effect size. Furthermore, there was a significant positive relationship between cognitive capacity and the scores on the multiple-choice and reasoning tests, but not the recall test. Results suggest that bilingual L3 learners have an edge in understanding metaphors, reflecting a cognitive advantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We study the evolution of scalar and tensor cosmological perturbations in the framework of the Einstein–Cartan theory of gravity. The value of the gravitational slip parameter which is defined as the ratio of the two scalar potentials in the Newtonian gauge, can be used to determine whether or not the gravity is modified. We calculate the value of slip parameter in the Einstein–Cartan cosmology and show that it falls within the observed range. We also discuss the evolution of the cosmic gravitational waves as another measure of the modification of gravity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Some menopausal symptoms can negatively affect people's daily activities. The work ability index (WAI) investigates employees at risk of work-related disabilities. The current study, conducted at Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, evaluated the association between the severity of symptoms during the menopausal transition and the work ability index. Materials & Methods: In this descriptive study, 170 female subjects in the age range of menopause transition (42 to 54 years) were selected from the list of female employees at Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, using the simple random sampling method. Data were collected using a socio-demographic characteristics form, the work ability questionnaire, and the severity of menopause symptoms questionnaire. Finally, the data were analyzed in SPSS software (version 22). ANOVA and Pearson correlation coefficient were applied for data analysis. Results: The mean±SD of the WAI score was 38.88±6.55. The mean ± SD of intensity of physical, mental, and urogenital menopausal symptoms were 7.44±2.96, 6.46±2.67, and 5.32±2.30, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficient between menopausal symptom severity and work ability was significantly negative (p<0.001, r=-0.418). Conclusion: The reduced work ability of female employees may cause increased absenteeism, additional costs for the employer, reduced employee productivity, and increased production costs, especially in the industry and service sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Enzybiotics are promising alternatives to conventional antibiotics for drug-resistant infections. Exolysins, as a class of enzybiotics, show antibacterial effects against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). This study evaluated a novel exolysin containing an SH3b domain for its antibacterial activity against MRSA. Methods: This study designed a chimeric exolysin by fusing the Cell-binding domain (SH3b) from Lysostaphin with the lytic domain (LYZ2) from the gp61 enzyme. Subsequently, LYZ2-SH3b was cloned and expressed in Escherichia coli (E. coli). Finally, the antibacterial effects of LYZ2-SH3b compared with LYZ2 and vancomycin against reference and clinical isolates of MRSA were measured using the disc diffusion method, the minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC), and the minimal bactericidal concentration (MBC) assays. Results: Analysis of bioinformatics showed that LYZ2-SH3b was stable, soluble, and non-allergenic. Protein purification was performed with a 0.8 mg/ml yield for LYZ2-SH3b. The plate lysis assay results indicated that, at the same concentrations, LYZ2-SH3b has a more inhibitory effect than LYZ2. The MICs of LYZ2 were 4 µg/mL (ATCC 43,300) and 8 µg/mL (clinical isolate ST239), whereas, for LYZ2-SH3b, they were 2 µg/mL (ATCC 43,300) and 4 µg/mL (clinical isolate ST239). This suggests a higher efficiency of LYZ2-SH3b compared to LYZ2. Furthermore, the MBCs of LYZ2 were 4 µg/mL (ATCC 43,300) and 8 µg/mL (clinical isolate ST239), whereas, for LYZ2-SH3b, they were 2 µg/mL (ATCC 43,300) and 4 µg/mL (clinical isolate ST239), thus confirming the superior lytic activity of LYZ2-SH3b over LYZ2. Conclusions: The study suggests that phage endolysins, such as LYZ2-SH3b, may represent a promising new approach to treating MRSA infections, particularly in cases where antibiotic resistance is a concern. But further studies are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We are presenting a 35‐year‐old woman with past medical history of disseminated leiomyomatosis who presented with heart failure symptoms and was found to have post‐capillary pulmonary hypertension and high cardiac output state in right heart catheterization secondary to a huge pelvic arterio‐venous fistula. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the field of medicine, it is axiomatic that the need of a precise gene-editing tool is critical to employ therapeutic approaches toward pathogenic mutations, occurring in human genome. Today we know that most of genetic defects are caused by single-base pair substitutions in genomic DNA. The ability to make practically any targeted substitutions of DNA sequences at specified regions in the human genome gives us the chance to employ gene therapy in most known diseases associated with genetic variants. In this regard, CRISPR/Cas9 applications is becoming more and more popular along with the significant advancements of life sciences, by employing this technology in genome-editing and high-throughput screenings. Several CRISPR/Cas-based mammalian cell gene-editing techniques have been developed during the last decade, including nucleases, base editors, and prime editors, all of which have the exact mechanism at first glance. However, they address a subset of known pathogenic sequence mutations using different methods. First, we highlight the development of CRISPR-based gene-editing tools. Then we describe their functions and summarize the conducted research studies, which are increasing the reliability of these strategies to better efficiencies for prospective gene therapies in the near future. Lastly, we compare the capabilities of all these platforms together besides their probable limitations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence has shown that cardiometabolic disorders (CMDs) are amongst the top contributors to COVID-19 infection morbidity and mortality. The reciprocal impact of COVID-19 infection and the most common CMDs, the risk factors for poor composite outcome among patients with one or several underlying diseases, the effect of common medical management on CMDs and their safety in the context of acute COVID-19 infection are reviewed. Later on, the changes brought by the COVID-19 pandemic quarantine on the general population's lifestyle (diet, exercise patterns) and metabolic health, acute cardiac complications of different COVID-19 vaccines and the effect of CMDs on the vaccine efficacy are discussed. Our review identified that the incidence of COVID-19 infection is higher among patients with underlying CMDs such as hypertension, diabetes, obesity and cardiovascular disease. Also, CMDs increase the risk of COVID-19 infection progression to severe disease phenotypes (e.g. hospital and/or ICU admission, use of mechanical ventilation). Lifestyle modification during COVID-19 era had a great impact on inducing and worsening of CMDs. Finally, the lower efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines was found in patients with metabolic disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

INTRODUCTION. Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) mainly involves the respiratory system but can also affect the digestive system and cause several gastrointestinal manifestations. Acute pancreatitis has been reported as one of the rare presentations of COVID-19. This study aimed to systematically review case reports on COVID-19-associated acute pancreatitis. METHODS. Publications were retrieved through a comprehensive search in four databases on October 1, 2021. Eligible ones that demonstrated the potential association of acute pancreatitis and COVID-19 were included for data extraction. RESULTS. After screening 855 citations, 82 articles containing 95 cases were included, and their data were extracted. The most common presentation was abdominal pain (88/95, 92.6%), followed by nausea/vomiting (61/95, 64.2%). Mortality was reported in 10.5% of cases. The initial presentation was acute pancreatitis, COVID-19, and concomitant in 32.6% (31/95), 48.4% (46/95), and 18.9% (18/95) of cases, respectively. Among the included cases, acute pancreatitis severity was associated with ICU admission, COVID-19 severity, and the outcome. Also, the initial presentation was associated with COVID-19 severity (P values =0.05). CONCLUSIONS. Current evidence indicates that acute pancreatitis can present before, after, or concomitant with COVID-19. Appropriate investigations should be performed in cases with suspicious clinical presentations. Longitudinal studies should address whether or not, there is a causative relationship between COVID-19 and acute pancreatitis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An efficient and rapid fabrication procedure for ZIF-8 crystals through ultrasonic assisted strategy (30min) was reported. Additionally, the crystallinity, morphology, chemical bonding, and porosity of ZIF-8 were fully characterized by XRD, and FT-IR. The Response surface methodology approach was established to optimize a series of adsorption conditions: initial concentration (10-400 mg/L), dose (0.02-1 g/L), and time (20-60 min) for Red 141 and Violet-5r removals. Particularly, plausible adsorption mechanisms (electrostatic interactions and π--π stacking) were elucidated, and isotherm models were rigorously studied by three-parameter equations (Langmuir, Freundlich, Tempkin). The adsorption isotherm data showed the adsorption of reactive dyes by ZIF-8, was consistent with the Langmuir isotherm model. The kinetics parameters were in accord with the pseudo-second-order equation, which implied that the adsorption rate was mainly controlled by the chemisorption mechanism. Through advantageous effectiveness involving good reusability (4 recycles), and maximum adsorption capacities (250-200 mg/g), it is recommendable to utilize ZIF-8 as a good adsorbent for the dyes remediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To date, there has been a lag between the rise in E-cigarette use and an understanding of the long-term health effects. Inhalation of E-cigarette aerosol delivers high doses of nicotine, raises systemic cytokine levels, and compromises cardiopulmonary function. The consequences for muscle function have not been thoroughly investigated. The present study tests the hypothesis that exposure to nicotine-containing aerosol impairs locomotor muscle function, limits exercise tolerance, and interferes with muscle repair in male mice. Nicotine-containing aerosol reduced the maximal force produced by the extensor digitorum longus (EDL) by 30%-40% and, the speed achieved in treadmill running by 8%. Nicotine aerosol exposure also decreased adrenal and increased plasma epinephrine and norepinephrine levels, and these changes in catecholamines manifested as increased muscle and liver glycogen stores. In nicotine aerosol exposed mice, muscle regenerating from overuse injury only recovered force to 80% of noninjured levels. However, the structure of neuromuscular junctions (NMJs) was not affected by e-cigarette aerosols. Interestingly, the vehicle used to dissolve nicotine in these vaping devices, polyethylene glycol (PG) and vegetable glycerin (VG), decreased running speed by 11% and prevented full recovery from a lengthening contraction protocol (LCP) injury. In both types of aerosol exposures, cardiac left ventricular systolic function was preserved, but left ventricular myocardial relaxation was altered. These data suggest that E-cigarette use may have a negative impact on muscle force and regeneration due to compromised glucose metabolism and contractile function in male mice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID‐19) is a global concern for public health. Thus, early and accurate diagnosis is a critical step in management of this infectious disease. Currently, RT‐PCR is routine diagnosis test for COVID‐19, but it has some limitations and false negative results. enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) against SARS‐CoV‐2 antigens seems to be an appropriate approach for serodiagnosis of COVID‐19. In the current study, an ELISA system, using a recombinant nucleocapsid (N) protein, was developed for the detection of IgM and IgG antibodies to SARS‐CoV‐2. The related protein was expressed, purified, and used in an ELISA system. Sera samples (67) for COVID‐19 patients, as well as sera samples from healthy volunteers (112), along with sera samples from non‐COVID‐19 patients were examined by the ELISA system. The expression and purity of the recombinant N protein were approved by SDS‐PAGE and Western blotting. The sensitivity of ELISA system was 91.04 and 92.53% for the detection of IgG and IgM antibodies, respectively. Moreover, the specificity of the developed ELISA system for IgG and IgM were 98.21 and 97.32%, respectively. Our developed ELISA system showed satisfactory sensitivity and specificity for the detection of antiSARS‐CoV‐2 IgM and IgG antibodies and could be used as a complementary approach for proper diagnosis of COVID‐19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Escherichia coli (E. coli) is shocked by various temperature processes in milk, which forces the organism to make proteins as a result of changes in the synthesis of enzymes that might give the strain special characteristics. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of the heat shock factor on changing the results of biochemical and molecular tests among E. coli strains obtained from ice cream and non-pasteurized milk when compared to a reference strain from the American-type culture collection (ATCC) in order to determine the phenotypic variation caused by the temperature conditions of the manufacturing process. Furthermore, isolates with characteristics similar to E. coli were discovered, but they were not E. coli and caused some ambiguity. To test the E. coli contamination of traditional and industrial ice cream, 82 samples were chosen at random. SDS-PAGE and 16S rDNA sequencing were carried out, as well as phenotypic testing. Isolated strains did not exactly match the reference strain. The results of biochemical testing and protein analysis revealed that the isolates were diverse. Samples E. coli phenons were classified. In the electrophoresis, the ice cream strain had two protein bands in the 20.75 and 23.59 kDa ranges that were distinct from the reference strain. These isolates appear to experience alterations in enzyme characteristics and structural proteins as a result of being exposed to various temperature conditions, such as pasteurization and frigidity. When compared to the reference strain, the calculated similarity percentage of the elicited isolate varied from 60 to 70%. The electrophoretic patterns of E. coli isolated elicited from milk samples differed from E. coli isolated obtained from the ice cream. The distinctions were in the intensity or position of the bands. The results also revealed that when isolates are subjected to thermal stresses, they exhibit a pattern similar to that of ice cream isolates. These considerations are made because a change in protein composition might result in a change in biochemical features, resulting in uncertainty in its identification. Sequences revealed that the sequences were related to E. coli 16S rDNA, despite differences in phenotypic and electrophoretic features between the isolated bacteria and the reference strain E. coli ATCC 25922. Our findings revealed that 16S rDNA could potentially be used to instantly implement an appropriate preventive measure for the purpose of identifying this type of bacteria and avoid some ambiguity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Cardiovascular diseases, with an estimated 18.6 million deaths per year, are the leading cause of death worldwide. One of the major risk factors is elevated blood low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) secondary to multiple environmental and genetic factors. Genes involved in LDL-C metabolism are the targets of the most common treatment options. Advanced molecular techniques could pave the way for identifying novel targets in dyslipidemia therapies. The LIM domain and actin-binding 1 (LIMA1) gene binds to the NPC1L1 protein and facilitates its more efficient recycling to the plasma membrane. Inhibition of LIMA1 could disrupt cellular cholesterol hemostasis with a probable decrease in blood LDL-C levels. Objectives: The present study was designed to knock out exon 2 of the LIMA1 gene using lentiviruses as an in vitro model for reducing cholesterol absorption. Methods: A CRISPR/Cas9 system with dual guide RNAs (gRNAs) was designed to completely excise exon 2 of LIMA1. Two gRNAs (gRNA1 and gRNA2) were cloned in the LentiCRISPR v2 vector. LentiCRISPR viruses were produced in the HEK293T cell line to encode the CRISPR/Cas9 complex structure. HepG2 cell lines were transduced with two different LentiCRISPR viruses simultaneously. Results: Exon 2 deletion was detected by PCR, gel electrophoresis, and subsequent Sanger sequencing of the PCR product. Exon 2 deletion caused a frameshift mutation, and the subsequent production of nonfunctional transcripts led to gene knockout. The dual gRNA CRISPR/Cas9 system could be used in gene editing setups. Conclusions: The in vitro knockout model of LIMA1 could be considered as preliminary work to study the role and mechanism of action of the LIMA1 protein, along with its potential as a target for hypercholesterolemia therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical oncologists need more reliable and non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to follow-up cancer patients. However, the existing biomarkers are often invasive and costly, emphasizing the need for the development of biomarkers to provide convenient and precise detection. Extracellular vesicles especially exosomes have recently been the focus of translational research to develop non-invasive and reliable biomarkers for several diseases such as cancers, suggesting as a valuable source of tumor markers. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles secreted by various living cells that can be found in all body fluids including serum, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and ascites. Different molecular and genetic contents of their origin such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and glycans in a stable form make exosomes a promising approach for various cancers' diagnoses, prediction, and follow-up in a minimally invasive manner. Since exosomes are used by cancer cells for intercellular communication, they play a critical role in the disease process, highlighting the importance of their use as clinically relevant biomarkers. However, regardless of the advantages that exosome-based diagnostics have, they suffer from problems regarding their isolation, detection, and characterization of their contents. This study reviews the history and biogenesis of exosomes and discusses non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their potential as tumor markers in different types of cancer, with a focus on next generation sequencing (NGS) as a detection method. Moreover, the advantages and challenges associated with exosome-based diagnostics are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the association between cognitive and affective empathy and aggression in a sample of Iranian athletes. Methods: We designed a cross-sectional study. The participants were selected by multistage random sampling among six colleges in Tehran, Iran’s capital. We used the interpersonal reactivity index (IRI) to evaluate empathy, and Reactive Proactive Aggression Questionnaire, and the Buss–Perry aggression questionnaire to evaluate aggression. Results: In total, 492 athletes with a mean age of 27.42 years (SD = 7.72) participated in the study, of which 298 (60.6%) were male, and 194 (39.4%) were female. IRI’s fantasy and personal distress subscales scores were positively associated with proactive and reactive aggression scores (p < 0.05). The score of the perspective-taking subscale of IRI was negatively associated with proactive and reactive aggression scores (p < 0.05). The score of the empathic concern subscale of IRI had a negative association with the proactive aggression score (p < 0.001). The score of the perspective-taking subscale of IRI had negative associations with all Buss–Perry aggression questionnaire subscales’ scores (p < 0.05). The score of the personal distress subscale of IRI had positive associations with all Buss–Perry aggression questionnaire subscales’ scores (p < 0.05), except with the verbal aggression subscale score. The score of the fantasy subscale of IRI was positively associated with the score of the hostility subscale of the Buss–Perry questionnaire (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Perspective-taking is negatively associated with all kinds of aggression in athletes. Future studies can be conducted to determine the possible role of perspective-taking in preventive aggression, which can be a target for interventions. On the other hand, the score of the personal distress subscale of IRI is positively associated with all types of aggression scores, indicating that not all types of empathy inhibit aggression in athletes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few years, the cancer-related disease has had a high mortality rate and incidence worldwide, despite clinical advances in cancer treatment. The drugs used for cancer therapy, have high side effects in addition to the high cost. Subsequently, to reduce these side effects, many studies have suggested the use of natural bioactive compounds. Among these, which have recently attracted the attention of many researchers, quercetin has such properties. Quercetin, a plant flavonoid found in fresh fruits, vegetables and citrus fruits, has anti-cancer properties by inhibiting tumor proliferation, invasion, and tumor metastasis. Several studies have demonstrated the anti-cancer mechanism of quercetin, and these mechanisms are controlled through several signalling pathways within the cancer cell. Pathways involved in this process include apoptotic, p53, NF-κB, MAPK, JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. In addition to regulating these pathways, quercetin controls the activity of oncogenic and tumor suppressor ncRNAs. Therefore, in this comprehensive review, we summarized the regulation of these signalling pathways by quercetin. The modulatory role of quercetin in the expression of various miRNAs has also been discussed. Understanding the basic anti-cancer mechanisms of these herbal compounds can help prevent and manage many types of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Preparedness a social behavior with public trust the prerequisite for proper social functioning can reduce disaster sufferings. The aim of this study was to determine the public trust, preparedness, and the influencing factors regarding the COVID-19 pandemic situation in Iran. Methods: This online cross-sectional study conducted on Tehran residents (≥18 years) during the fifth epidemic wave. The tool designed to assess the intention to prepare, public trust, and the subscales. T-test used to compare the means and linear regression to determine the factors influencing on the outcomes. Results: About 26.5% of 407 participants (mean age standard deviation: 40.8 (12.8) years) showed low trust. The mean levels of total trust (P = 0.011), general trust (P = 0.048), and trust to managing authorities (P = 0.018) were significantly lower in men. Adjusted to confounding variables, total trust was lower in men (ß = −3.8, P = 0.01) and less educated (ß = −6.48, P = 0.02) but higher in high-income (ß = 5.7, P = 0.02) people. Only 20% of people were highly prepared. Intention to prepare was higher in families having the elderly (ß = 5.72.8, P = 0.048). Conclusion: Low trust in the managing authorities and their provided information tend to less considering health and preparedness measures in society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Over the past few years, the cancer-related disease has had a high mortality rate and incidence worldwide, despite clinical advances in cancer treatment. The drugs used for cancer therapy, have high side effects in addition to the high cost. Subsequently, to reduce these side effects, many studies have suggested the use of natural bioactive compounds. Among these, which have recently attracted the attention of many researchers, quercetin has such properties. Quercetin, a plant flavonoid found in fresh fruits, vegetables and citrus fruits, has anti-cancer properties by inhibiting tumor proliferation, invasion, and tumor metastasis. Several studies have demonstrated the anti-cancer mechanism of quercetin, and these mechanisms are controlled through several signalling pathways within the cancer cell. Pathways involved in this process include apoptotic, p53, NF-κB, MAPK, JAK/STAT, PI3K/AKT, and Wnt/β-catenin pathways. In addition to regulating these pathways, quercetin controls the activity of oncogenic and tumor suppressor ncRNAs. Therefore, in this comprehensive review, we summarized the regulation of these signalling pathways by quercetin. The modulatory role of quercetin in the expression of various miRNAs has also been discussed. Understanding the basic anti-cancer mechanisms of these herbal compounds can help prevent and manage many types of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A novel Zn (II) organic framework comprising 2-phenyl benzimidazole (ZPBIF-1) was synthesized by using a solvothermal method. The characterization of the synthesized MOF was performed utilizing XRD, SEM, FT-IR, 1H-NMR, 13C-NMR, MS, XPS, TG/DTA, and N2 sorption analysis. ZPBIF-1 was successfully utilized to remove Acid red 88, Basic Violet 14, Basic Blue 54, and Congo red dyes in aqueous solutions. In this study, some parameters, including adsorbent dosage, initial dye concentration, contact time, temperature, and pH, were examined. To evaluate the experimental data, Freundlich, Langmuir, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models were used. In this case, Langmuir is the most suitable model. Several kinetic models, including First-order, pseudo-first-order, second-order, and Pseudo-second-order kinetic models, Elovich's, and Weber's intraparticle diffusion models, were utilized to comprehend the detailed adsorption process. According to the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, dye sorption kinetics is best described. In addition, thermodynamic parameters like enthalpy (ΔH°), Gibbs free energy (ΔG°), and entropy (ΔS°) were also achieved and analyzed. The experimental studies thus suggest that Zn (II) metal–organic framework based on 2-phenyl benzimidazole could be a promising candidate for eliminating dyes from aqueous solution. Hence, the experimental studies suggest that a Zn (II) metal–organic framework based on 2-phenylbenzimidazole could be a promising candidate for eliminating dyes from aqueous solution. The maximum adsorption capacity of ZPBIF-1 was 1666.66, 1250, 1000, and 1250 mg/g for Acid red 88, Basic violet 14, Basic blue 54, and Congo red dyes, respectively. Furthermore, this method was used to remove contaminant dyes from textile wastewater, and an acceptable result was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive candidiasis is an emerging fungal infection and a leading cause of morbidity in health care facilities. Despite advances in antifungal therapy, increased antifungal drug resistance in Candida albicans has enhanced patient fatality. The most common method for Candida albicans diagnosing is blood culture, which has low sensitivity. Therefore, there is an urgent need to establish a valid diagnostic method. Our study aimed to use the bioinformatics approach to design a diagnostic kit for detecting Candida albicans with high sensitivity and specificity. Eight antigenic proteins of Candida albicans (HYR1, HWP1, ECE1, ALS, EAP1, SAP1, BGL2, and MET6) were selected. Next, a construct containing different immunodominant B-cell epitopes was derived from the antigens and connected using a suitable linker. Different properties of the final construct, such as physicochemical properties, were evaluated. Moreover, the designed construct underwent 3D modeling, reverse translation, and codon optimization. The results confirmed that the designed construct could identify Candida albicans with high sensitivity and specificity in serum samples of patients with invasive candidiasis. However, experimental studies are needed for final confirmation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To provide an overview of clinical, immunological, and mycological aspects of vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC). Methods: A literature search was conducted to find relevant articles about different aspects of VVC. Related data from retrieved articles were summarized in different headings. Results: VVC has a global distribution and Candida albicans is the leading cause of infection except for specific patient groups like postmenopausal, diabetic, or immunocompromised women. VVC has a range of clinical presentations, accordingly, its diagnosis should be based on clinical examination coupled with laboratory investigations. The best therapeutic regimen depends on the patient's conditions and the causative agent. Moreover, factors like drug resistance of the causative agents and different mutations in the immunity‐related genes could affect the treatment outcome. Conclusion: As a globally distributed disease, VVC needs further attention, especially in areas related to the treatment failure and recurrence of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Women are at higher risk of death during disasters due to physical, biological, psychological, and cultural differences. After a disaster, they experience more miscarriages, premature births, inadequate fetal growth, low birth weight, sexual violence, and unwanted pregnancies. This study aims to investigate the reproductive health status of women affected by the 2017 earthquake in Kermanshah, Iran. Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2018. The study population consists of women aged 15-49 years (Mean age=31.7 years) living in Sarpol-e Zahab, Javanrood, and Thalas Babajani towns in Kermanshah city affected by the earthquake in 2017. The questionnaire used for assessing the status of reproductive health in women was the Reproductive Health Assessment Questionnaire for Women of Reproductive Age, which has already been localized in Iran and its reliability and validity have been confirmed. Native Kurdish language experts completed the questionnaires on behalf of 396 participants. Descriptive statistics were used to describe the variables. Results: It was found that 42.4% of women complained of abnormal menstruation and 34.09% of limited menstrual hygiene materials. Sixty women were pregnant at the time of the earthquake, all of whom gave birth in hospital; two had miscarriages, two had premature births, and one had stillbirth. Urinary tract infection was the most common problem (21%) in pregnant women. Moreover, 48% of women used contraceptive methods after the earthquake, the most commonly used method was the use of contraceptive pills (23%). Access to contraception methods was difficult for 14.4% of them after the earthquake. Furthermore, 25% had experienced violence after the earthquake; of these, 30 reported physical violence, 86 verbal violence, and 13 sexual violence. Conclusion: The control of pregnancy and safe delivery in earthquake-affected areas of Kermanshah is relatively acceptable; however, the provision of reproductive health services seems to be challenging. It is recommended to pay attention to the menstrual hygiene of women and regular distribution of contraceptives (despite the current population growth plan), address sexual acts of violence, and develop a protocol to support the victims. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phaeochromocytomas/paragangliomas (PPGL) are rare tumours that can cause cardiovascular complications following the secretion of catecholamines. We present a young female presented with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction as a result of norepinephrine secreting para‐aortic paraganglioma and improvement of heart failure sign and symptoms and left ventricular ejection fraction following tumour resection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Clinical oncologists need more reliable and non-invasive diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers to follow-up cancer patients. However, the existing biomarkers are often invasive and costly, emphasizing the need for the development of biomarkers to provide convenient and precise detection. Extracellular vesicles especially exosomes have recently been the focus of translational research to develop non-invasive and reliable biomarkers for several diseases such as cancers, suggesting as a valuable source of tumor markers. Exosomes are nano-sized extracellular vesicles secreted by various living cells that can be found in all body fluids including serum, urine, saliva, cerebrospinal fluid, and ascites. Different molecular and genetic contents of their origin such as nucleic acids, proteins, lipids, and glycans in a stable form make exosomes a promising approach for various cancers' diagnoses, prediction, and follow-up in a minimally invasive manner. Since exosomes are used by cancer cells for intercellular communication, they play a critical role in the disease process, highlighting the importance of their use as clinically relevant biomarkers. However, regardless of the advantages that exosome-based diagnostics have, they suffer from problems regarding their isolation, detection, and characterization of their contents. This study reviews the history and biogenesis of exosomes and discusses non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) and their potential as tumor markers in different types of cancer, with a focus on next generation sequencing (NGS) as a detection method. Moreover, the advantages and challenges associated with exosome-based diagnostics are also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy is a core issue when it comes to energy resources today. However, the use of tidal energy has received less attention compared to solar and wind energy. This study investigates the technical‐economic evaluation of tidal power plants in three areas of Bushehr, Pol, and Khowr‐e Musa, all located along the southern coast of Iran. Four economic indices including net present value (NPV), benefit–cost ratio, capital return time, and internal rate of return are used. The study compares a tidal power plant with a solar and a Combined Cycle Gas Turbine power plant bearing a capacity of 10 MW. The results show that the total initial cost of a tidal power plant is 1.92 times higher compared to a PV and 7.16 times higher compared to a CCGT power plant. Due to the potential of solar and tidal energy, the three studied regions are economically different. The results show the NPV of a tidal power plant in Khowr‐e Mousa region is 4.90 times higher than a PV power plant and 9.93 times higher than a CCGT power plant. In addition, the cost of energy production per kilowatt depends on the region and the type of power plant technology. The lowest cost of energy production is related to tidal energy in Khowr‐e Musa region. The results of sensitivity analysis also show that the highest sensitivity is related to the initial cost and electricity sales rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective(s): Duchene muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a progressive neuromuscular disease caused by mutations in the DMD gene, resulting in the absence of dystrophin expression leading to membrane fragility and myofibril necrosis in the muscle cells. Because of progressive weakness in the skeletal and cardiac muscles, premature death is inevitable. There is no curative treatment available for DMD. In recent years, advances in genetic engineering tools have made it possible to manipulate gene sequences and accurately modify disease-causing mutations. CRISPR/Cas9 technology is a promising tool for gene editing because of its ability to induce double-strand breaks in the DNA. Materials and Methods: In this study for the exon-skipping approach, we designed a new pair of guide RNAs (gRNA) to induce large deletion of exons 48 to 53 in the DMD gene in the human skeletal muscle cell line (HSkMC), in order to correct the frame of the gene. Results: Data showed successful editing of DMD gene by deletion of exons 48 to 53 and correction of the reading frame in edited cells. Despite a large deletion in the edited DMD gene, the data of realtime PCR, immune florescent staining demonstrated successful expression of truncated dystrophin in edited cells. Conclusion: This study demonstrated that the removal of exons 48-53 by the CRISPR / Cas9 system did not alter the expression of the DMD gene due to the preservation of the reading frame of the gene. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Iron terephthalate metal-organic framework (MOF-235) was used as an additive in preparation and modification of perovskite layer of solar cells (PSCs). MOF-235 with the chemical formula [Fe3O(1,4-BDC)3(DMF)3][FeCl4](DMF)3] was used by the one-step solution method with the solvent engineering technique in perovskite precursor solution to synthesize the perovskite layer by solvothermal method. The perovskite layer film was characterized by XRD and FE-SEM analyzing methods to consider the effect of additive on stability and morphology of synthesized crystal layer after annealing processes. The results showed the incorporation of 5 wt% of MOF-235 increased the open-circuit voltage (Voc) of PCS from 0.99 ± 0.03 to 1.03 ± 0.02 V. Therefore, the power efficiency improved from 8.34 ± 0.37% to 9.56 ± 0.12%. As a result, the addition of MOF-235 improves the coverage of perovskite film on TiO2 layer that contributes to the stability of perovskite solar cells, due to the effects of rigidity and π–π bond of benzene ring in terephthalic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common cause of cancer globally and the fourth attributable cause of mortality and morbidity due to cancer. An emerging factor contributing to CRC is the gut microbiota and the cellular changes associated with it. Further insights on this may help in the prevention, diagnosis and new therapeutic approaches to colorectal cancer. In most cases of CRC, genetic factors appear to contribute less to its aetiology than environmental and epigenetic factors; therefore, it may be important to investigate these environmental factors, their effects, and the mechanisms that may contribute to this cancer. The gut microbiota has recently been highlighted as a potential risk factor that may affect the structural components of the tumor microenvironment, as well as free radical and enzymatic metabolites directly, or indirectly. Many studies have reported changes in the gut microbiota of patients with colorectal cancer. What is controversial is whether the cancer is the cause or consequence of the change in the microbiota. There is strong evidence supporting both possibilities. The presence of Fusobacterium nucleatum in human colorectal specimens has been demonstrated by RNA-sequencing. F. nucleatum has been shown to express high levels of virulence factors such as FadA, Fap2 and MORN2 proteins. Our review of the published data suggest that F. nucleatum may be a prognostic biomarker of CRC risk, and hence raises the potential of antibiotic treatment of F. nucleatum for the prevention of CRC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MicroRNA-derived structures play impressive roles in various biological processes. So dysregulation of miRNAs can lead to different human diseases. Recent studies have extended our comprehension of the control of miRNA function and features. Here, we overview some remarkable miRNA properties that have potential implications for the miRNA functions, including different variants of a miRNA called isomiRs, miRNA arm selection/arm switching, and the effect of these factors on miRNA target selection. Besides, we review some aspects of miRNA interactions such as the interaction between epigenetics and miRNA (different miRNAs and their related processing enzymes are epigenetically regulated by multiple DNA methylation enzymes. moreover, DNA methylation could be controlled by diverse mechanisms related to miRNAs), direct and indirect crosstalk between miRNA and lnc (Long Non-Coding) RNAs as a further approach to conduct intercellular regulation called "competing endogenous RNA" (ceRNA) that is involved in the pathogenesis of different diseases, and the interaction of miRNA activities and some Xeno-infectious (virus/bacteria/parasite) factors, which result in modulation of the pathogenesis of infections. This review provides some related studies to a better understanding of miRNA involvement mechanisms and overcoming the complexity of related diseases that may be applicable and useful to prognostic, diagnostic, therapeutic purposes and personalized medicine in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) is overexpressed in breast cancer (BC) patients. Hence, immunotherapy is a proper treatment option for HER2-positive BC patients. Accumulating evidence has indicated that immunotoxin therapy is a novel approach to improve the potency of targeted therapy. Immunotoxins are antibodies or antibody fragments coupled with a toxin. We designed an immunotoxin. The physicochemical properties were evaluated using ProtParam servers and secondary structure was examined by PROSO II and GORV. Using I-TASSER, a 3D model was built and refined by GalaxyRefine. The model was validated using PROCHECK and RAMPAGE. To predict immunotoxin allergenicity and mRNA stability, AlgPred server and RNAfold were used. Furthermore, the immunotoxin and HER2 were docked by ZDOCK. The scFv+RTX-A could be a non-allergenic and stable chimeric protein, and the secondary structure of its components did not alter, and this protein had a proper 3D structure that might have stable mRNA structure which could bind to HER2. Given the fact that the designed immunotoxin was a non-allergenic and stable chimeric protein and that it could bind with high affinity to HER2 receptors, we proposed that this chimeric protein could be a useful candidate for HER-2 positive BC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: A bacterial biosensor refers to genetically engineered bacteria that produce an assessable signal in the presence of a physical or chemical agent in the environment.Methods: We have designed and evaluated a bacterial biosensor expressing a luciferase reporter gene controlled by pbr and cadA promoters in Cupriavidus metallidurans (previously termed Ralstonia metallidurans) containing the CH34 and pI258 plasmids of Staphylococcus aureus, respectively, and that can be used for the detection of heavy metals. In the present study, we have produced and evaluated biosensor plasmids designated pGL3-luc/pbr biosensor and pGL3-luc/cad biosensor, that were based on the expression of luc+ and under the control of the cad promoter and the cadC gene of S. aureus plasmid pI258 and pbr promoter and pbrR gene from plasmid pMOL30 of Cupriavidus metallidurans.Results: We found that the pGL3-luc/pbr biosensor may be used to measure lead concentrations between 1-100 μM in the presence of other metals, including zinc, cadmium, tin and nickel. The latter metals did not result in any significant signal. The pGL3-luc/cad biosensor could detect lead concentrations between 10 nM to 10 μM.Conclusions: This biosensor was found to be specific for measuring lead ions in both environmental and biological samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vascular occlusion is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity. Blood vessel blockage can lead to thrombotic complications such as myocardial infarction, stroke, deep venous thrombosis, peripheral occlusive disease, and pulmonary embolism. Thrombolytic therapy currently aims to rectify this through the administration of recombinant tissue plasminogen activator. Research is underway to design an ideal thrombolytic drug with the lowest risk. Despite the potent clot lysis achievable using approved thrombolytic drugs such as alteplase, reteplase, streptokinase, tenecteplase, and some other fibrinolytic agents, there are some drawbacks, such as high production cost, systemic bleeding, intracranial hemorrhage, vessel re-occlusion by platelet-rich and retracted secondary clots, and non-fibrin specificity. In comparison, bacterial staphylokinase, is a new, small-size plasminogen activator, unlike bacterial streptokinase, it hinders the systemic degradation of fibrinogen and reduces the risk of severe hemorrhage. A fibrin-bound plasmin–staphylokinase complex shows high resistance to a2-antiplasmin-related inhibition. Staphylokinase has the potential to be considered as a promising thrombolytic agent with properties of cost-effective production and the least side effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this investigation, nano ZnO was sonochemically synthesized by a novel method using a methionine precursor. A narrow size distribution (41-50 nm) of nano ZnO was achieved that was immobilized on perlite and applied as a catalyst in catalytic ozonation. The catalyst was characterized by fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, BET surface area, and field emission scanning electron microscope. The ozonation of recalcitrant Remazol black 5 (RB5) di-azo dye solution by means of the synthesized catalyst was investigated in a bubble column slurry reactor. The influence of pH values (7, 9, 11), catalyst dosage (8, 12, 15, 20 g L-1) and reaction time (10, 20, 30, 60 min) was investigated. Although the dye color was completely removed by single ozonation at a higher reaction time, the applied nanocatalyst improved the dye declorination kinetics. Also, the degradation of the hazardous aromatic fraction of the dye was enhanced five-times by catalytic ozonation at a low reaction time (10 min) and a neutral pH. The second-order kinetics was best fitted in terms of both RB5 color and its aromatic fraction removal. The total organic carbon analysis indicated a significant improvement in the mineralization of RB5 by catalytic ozonation using the nano-ZnO/perlite catalyst. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Insomnia is a prevalent sleep disorder that has not been well managed thus far. There are numerous medicaments for treatment of insomnia, but they have undesirable side effects that make herbal medicine a more viable option. Objectives: The effectiveness of a combination of Melissa officinalis L. (dry powder) and Nepeta menthoides Boiss. & Buhse (freeze-dried aqueous extract) on insomnia was evaluated. Design and Setting: Insomniacs who met the entry criteria participated in a triple-blind randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial at the Persian Medicine (PM) clinic in Tehran. Interventions: The subjects received either 1000 mg of M. officinalis plus 400 mg N. menthoides or a placebo nightly for four weeks in accordance with prescriptions from the pharmaceutical manuscripts on PM and the results of previous studies. Outcome measures: The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), sleep diary, and Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) were used for assessment of insomnia. Results: Comparison of the treatment and placebo groups showed a significant decrease in the mean difference of ISI (4.97 ± 4.69 vs. 1.60 ± 3.70; p =; 0.002) and total PSQI (4.14 ± 3.69 vs. 1.42 ± 2.81; p = 0.001) scores in the treatment group. A significant increase was also observed in total sleep time of treatment group (p < 0.001) based on the sleep diary. Conclusions: A combination of M. officinalis and N. menthoides Boiss. & Buhse could be an alternative sleep improvement therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, Cu/Zn/Al2O3-AC (AC = activated carbon) catalyst was synthesized and evaluated for dimethoxymethane (DMM) reformation to hydrogen. The Cu/Zn/Al2O3-AC catalyst was prepared using high surface area metal organic frameworks (MOFs) consisting of Cu3(BTC)2 (MOF-199) and Zn4O(BDC)3 (MOF-5) for Cu(II) and Zn(II) sources respectively, as precursors while γ-Al2O3 was applied as support. The synthesized catalyst was investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Brunauer-Emmett-Teller analysis (BET), Temperature programmed desorption (NH3-TPD) and Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) techniques. Complete DMM conversion was observed over Cu/Zn/Al2O3-AC catalyst (Cu:Zn:Al mole ratio of 6:3:2) under atmospheric pressure, T = 533 K, GHSV = 20 NL h−1 gcat−1, N2/H2O/DMM = 24/5/1 volume percent (vol%) with hydrogen productivity of 12.8 L H2 h−1 gcat−1 and 64% hydrogen concentration. Application of MOFs as precursors and modified activated carbon as an acidic component provided the catalyst with the porous structure and high specific surface area for the hydrolysis of DMM, subsequently, high selectivity and productivity of hydrogen was obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A one-pot procedure for the synthesis of novel planar aza-heterocycles possessing good fluorescence potencies was described. These benzo-imidazopyrimido[4,5-b]quinolone derivatives came from the reaction of 2-chloroquinoline-3-carboxaldehydes and 2-aminobenzimidazole using K2CO3 in DMF. The fluorescence study of these conjugated systems was also considered, which revealed that they have highly selective sensing of mercury. Consequently, to investigate another aspect of the reaction, a three-component reaction was developed by adding malononitrile to the aforementioned starting materials in the presence of l-proline under reflux condition in H2O/EtOH to provide amino-quinolin-3-yl-dihydrobenzo-imidazo-pyrimidine-3-carbonitriles in good yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This study aimed to develop a modulated program of parenting skills and to evaluate its effectiveness in reducing autistic symptoms and increasing parental adjustment. Methods: This quasi-experimental study utilized in two phases, a pretest- posttest design and a control group. First, a treatment program with both individual and group structure was constructed considering available treatments such as cognitive–behavior therapy, social stories, and play therapy catered to autistic children and the needs of their families. The program consisted of techniques such as acceptance, common cognitive errors challenge, control of thoughts, emotions and behavior, the principles of reward and punishment, and crisis management etc. The validity of the program was confirmed by four experts. Secondly, 26 volunteer qualified couples selected from the parents were referred to a rehabilitation center in Tehran, and were randomly assigned into experimental and control groups. The pretest was performed for all participants. Then, the control group was kept away from the program during the 10 sessions of group, four sessions of individual, and two sessions of family therapy for each couple in the experiment group. Results: Univariate analysis of Covariance showed that the program significantly improved marital adjustment in parents (F=22.018, P=0.001), and successfully reduced the symptoms of autistic disorder in social interaction (F=5.733, P=0.027) and relations (F=10.07, P=0.005). However, it did not significantly affect stereotyped behaviors (F=4.304, P=0.053) and development (F=0.448, P=0.511) of autistic children in the experimental group. Discussion: The compiled parenting program is recommended to improve parental empowerment for the families of autistic children, because it is capable of reducing autistic symptoms in social interaction and relationships as well as improving marital adjustment in such families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local preparedness against earthquakes has been recently highlighted in research and policies on disaster management and risk reduction promotion in Iran. To advance the understanding of public preparedness and how it can be applied in diverse localities, further information is required about the predictors of people's adoption of mitigation activities and earthquake preparedness. A synthesis of the available published research results on earthquake preparedness and the influencing factors in Iran are presented in this literature review. It emphasizes the complexity of both the concept of preparedness and the contextual factors that mediate its adoption. The predominant roles of public awareness, trusted information resources, social capital and community collaboration as predictors are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Needle and Syringe Programs (NSP) have been implemented in Iran since 2002. The primary aim of NSP is to prevent blood-borne virus transmission by providing sterile injecting equipment and information on safer injection practices. However, while NSP has been implemented in Iran for more than a decade, only a limited number of studies have evaluated the effect access to NSP has in reducing risk behaviors among people who inject drugs (PWIDs).Methods: Between September and December 2014 we used snow ball sampling to recruit PWID from Kermanshah for a cross-sectional survey. Participants completed a face-to-face interview and provided information on the frequency of injection and drug-related risk behaviors such as sharing (borrowing or lending) of previously used syringes/needles and the number of injecting partners with whom they have shared syringes/needles in the two months prior to interview. Correlation between drug-related risk behaviors and ability to access NSPs was assessed by bivariate and multiple logistic regression through the estimation of odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI).Results: Of 500 PWIDs in this study, 18%, 36% and 46% reported low, medium and high ability to access NSPs in the two months prior to interview, respectively. The odds of receptive syringe sharing among people with low-access was 3.5 times the odds of people with high-access when adjusted for covariates and remained statistically significant (adjusted odds ratio (AOR): 3.5, 95%CI 1.4–7.7). The relationship between access to NSP and use of sterile-injecting equipment was not statistically significant. The AOR for outcomes like paraphernalia sharing (AOR: 2.5, 95%CI: 0.6–4.6,p-value: 0.6) was not statistically significant.Conclusions: Similar to the previous research in international settings, this study found that PWID who reported to have more access to needle and syringe programs were less likely to use a syringe after someone else had used it. NSP program staff should focus on encouraging more frequent visits, increasing the opening hours and number of locations providing access to sterile syringe in settings with high concentrations of PWID. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In the present study nano-sized strontium-doped lanthanum manganite, LaSrMnO (LSM), were synthesized by three simple different methods (a) co-precipitation, (b) ultrasonic and (c) microwave-assisted co-precipitation. A lanthanum(III) coordination polymer, [pyda.H][La(pydc)(HO)]·2HO, where [pyda.H] = 2,6-diaminopyridinium, and (pydc) = 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate, was used as a new precursor. The products were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), thermal gravimetric (TG) and differential thermal analyses (DTA), as well as by Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The XRD results showed that the crystal lattice of the product obtained was orthorhombic perovskite structure. The porosity, particle size and homogeneity of calcinated LSM were strongly dependent on the preparation method. In addition, the results proved that the product formation time was decreased considerably when ultrasonic or microwave irradiation methods were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present research two different kinds of nickel oxide/gadolinium-doped ceria (NiO-GDC) ( I and II) nanocomposites were prepared by means of the sol-gel method. The Ni(II) complex ( NiLH ), [Ni(pydc)·2(pyda·H)·2HO], [pydc (2,6-Pyridinedicarboxylic acid), pyda (2,6-diaminopyridine)], and Ni(NO)·6HO have been used as precursors. Characterization of the products was carried out by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy, X-ray powder diffraction, zeta potential, thermogravimetric analysis, and nitrogen adsorption-desorption Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller measurements. The X-ray powder diffraction results showed that the crystal lattice of compound ( I) was obtained as a cubic fluorite structure and was found to have an average crystalline size of 48-63 nm. The comparison of the zeta potential of compounds ( I) and ( II) has shown that compound ( I) can carry a more positive charge and is almost stable. The scanning electron microscope and Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller analysis of compound ( I) revealed large homogeneous agglomerated pores and surface area. The results show that if compound ( I) is used in solid oxide fuel cells, it could be a suitable material for the anode of solid oxide fuel cells. Graphical Abstract: [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background One of the important and distressing cutaneous side effects of steroid therapy is skin atrophy, which has no definite and effective treatment. To the best of our knowledge, laser therapy for steroid-induced atrophic scars has not been investigated to date. Objective The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of pulsed dye laser in the treatment of steroid-induced atrophic scars. Methods In this pilot study, 15 patients with at least one atrophic patch were treated with the 585-nm pulsed dye laser at 4-week interval sessions until achieving complete improvement or until patient were lost to follow-up. Clinical outcome was assessed via standard photographic method before each treatment session and after the final visit. An independent dermatologist evaluated the photographs. Result All of the patients (13 females and two males) with 25-59 years of age experienced some degree of improvement, except one patient who withdrew from the treatment after three sessions. The treatment was well tolerated. Conclusion The results of our study indicated that pulsed dye laser therapy could be employed as a new method in the treatment of steroid-induced atrophic scars. Pulsed dye laser might affect the lesions through inducing collagen deposition and production of more superficial dermal elastin as well as less unidirectional collagen in clusters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Qualitative research focuses on social world and provides the tools to study health phenomena from the perspective of those experiencing them. Identifying the problem, forming the question, and selecting an appropriate methodology and design are some of the initial challenges that researchers encounter in the early stages of any research project. These problems are particularly common for novices. Materials and Methods: This article describes the practical challenges of using qualitative inquiry in the field of health and the challenges of performing an interpretive research based on professional experience as a qualitative researcher and on available literature. Results: One of the main topics discussed is the nature of qualitative research, its inherent challenges, and how to overcome them. Some of those highlighted here include: identification of the research problem, formation of the research question/aim, and selecting an appropriate methodology and research design, which are the main concerns of qualitative researchers and need to be handled properly. Insights from real‑life experiences in conducting qualitative research in health reveal these issues. Conclusions: The paper provides personal comments on the experiences of a researcher in conducting pure qualitative research in the field of health. It offers insights into the practical difficulties encountered when performing qualitative studies and offers solutions and alternatives applied by these authors, which may be of use to others. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]