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The present study was conducted on a fertile eggs of total number 200 of broiler Ross 308 from 31weeks laying flock, their weight ranged from (49.2-58.9gm). The eggs were inserted to an automatic incubator according to standard procedures (37.5 of temperature and 60% of RH). Eggs were candled and un fertilized eggs were removed at day 6 of incubation. At the same day of injection, the remaining were randomly subdivided into 3 groups at incubator each set contain 60 egg. Solutions for injection were freshly prepared at the same day of injection; ascorbic acid was dissolved at physiological saline 0.9 % then fertilized with 0.22Mm filter paper and subsequently placed in incubator 2 hours before injection. The three groups were: non-injected control group (negative control), saline group injected with 0.6 ml of physiologic al isotonic saline (0.9%), and Ascorbic acid injected group (3 mg of pure ascorbic acid with 0.6ml of physiological saline). Histological examination of Ascorbic acid group showed highlighting typical structure of hepatic tissue with intact central vein endothelial lining, highlighting obvious regular organization of muscle fibers with multinucleated light vesicular & elongated peripheral nuclei, highlighting obvious improvement along intestinal tissue structure with increasing in intestinal villi length with significant difference than control negative group as well as control positive group. Hatchability percentage noted better in ascorbic group than other groups. Also, platelet count, White blood cells count, monocyte level was better in ascorbic group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This survey is applied on the brain of the Rat using Computerized Tomography (CT) and Latex neoprene injection technique to recognize brain problems and provide anatomical data. Eight carcasses of rats, the specimens were carried out from local markets to the Department of anatomy in veterinary medicine, Cairo University. The brain of three carcasses were separated from the whole body for morphology, three specimens were injected with latex to observe the distribution of arterial blood supply and two others for C.T. The brain of rat measured about 2 cm long, 0.75 cm width in the widest part and about 6 gm. weight. Anatomically it could be divided into cerebrum, cerebellum and brainstem. The main blood supply of the brain is the internal carotid arteries and the basilar artery. The communication of the internal carotid and the basilar arteries formed a network of anastomosing vessels, polygonal shape-like arterial anastomosis, rostrally and caudally closed which known as circle of Willis and placed at the base of brain where it surrounded the optic quiasm and the tuber cinereum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pharmacokinetics of marbofloxacin (MAR) was compared in geese (Anser Anser domesticus) after single intravenous (IV) and intramuscular (IM) (thigh and pectoral muscles) administrations of 5 mg/kg. Serum concentrations of MAR were determined with high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. Serum MAR concentrations versus time were analyzed by a noncompartmental method. After IV administration, MAR showed high volume of distribution at steady state (Vdss) of 5.24 ± 1.08 L/kg. The serum body clearance (Cl) and elimination half‐life (T1/2λz) of MAR were 0.79 ± 0.07 L hr−1 kg−1 and 6.94 ± 1.12 hr, respectively. The peak of MAR serum concentrations Cmax achieved at one and 0.50 hr after thigh and pectoral IM sites of injections, respectively, were 1.20 and 0.91 μg/ml. Significant differences were found in the mean absorption time (MAT), the systemic bioavailability (F%), and elimination parameters of MAR between two sites of injections, indicating that the absorption was fairly slow and complete after thigh IM injection. The pharmacokinetics of MAR in geese diverged according to the site of IM injection following a parallel study design. We recommend the thigh muscle as IM site of injection to obtain maximum concentrations of the administered drug in geese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]