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Advanced triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has poorer outcomes due to its aggressive behavior and restricted therapeutic options. While therapies like checkpoint inhibitors and PARP inhibitors offer some benefits, chemotherapy remains ineffective beyond the first line of treatment. Antibody–drug conjugates (ADCs) like sacituzumab govitecan-hziy (SG) represent a significant advancement. SG combines SN-38, an irinotecan derivative, with a Trop-2-targeting antibody via a pH-sensitive linking moiety, achieving a good drug:antibody ratio. In a phase I-II study involving metastatic TNBC (mTNBC) individuals, SG achieved an overall response rate of 33.3% and a median response period of 7.7 months. The phase III ASCENT trial demonstrated SG's efficacy in relapsed or refractory TNBC, improving median progression-free survival and median overall survival compared to chemotherapy. Common side effects include neutropenia, nausea, and fatigue. This article highlights the clinical potential, pharmacokinetics, safety profile, and resistance mechanisms of SG along with key ongoing clinical trials, emphasizing its role in managing refractory mTNBC, especially in third-line therapy. The review also discusses current strategies for managing adverse reactions and sequencing ADC treatments in clinical practice, along with the predicted basis of resistance. The optimal sequencing of SG relative to other ADCs, such as trastuzumab deruxtecan or T-DXd, remains an evolving question, especially as newer agents with distinct mechanisms of action and safety profiles enter the field. Further research is essential to establish evidence-based strategies for sequencing SG and addressing disease progression post-ADC therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation of malicious webpages presents a growing threat to online security, necessitating advanced detection methods to mitigate risks. This paper proposes a novel approach that integrates Natural Language Processing (NLP) techniques with an ensemble of machine learning models for the proactive detection of malicious web content. By leveraging semantic analysis, lexical patterns, and metadata extraction, the proposed framework enhances the identification of suspicious patterns in web page content. The ensemble model combines decision trees, random forests, and gradient boosting methods, optimizing classification accuracy and reducing false positives. A comprehensive evaluation using a large dataset of web pages, including both benign and malicious examples, demonstrates the superiority of the proposed method over traditional single-model approaches. With accuracy rates exceeding 98%, this framework achieves a robust, scalable solution for real-time web content analysis, providing a critical tool for cybersecurity professionals to detect and block malicious webpages before they can cause harm. Future directions include the integration of deep learning architectures and adaptive filtering techniques to further refine detection capabilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the design of LED luminary intensity control (LIC) modules that are energy efficient. This work suggests various luminary intensity control techniques to develop a flexible outdoor lighting system that is cost-effective, energy-efficient, and eco-friendly. The different modules for varying luminary intensity (LI) proposed and facilitate the lighting system to turn ON its luminaries only when lighting is required based on various parameters such as time zone, traffic density, traffic mobility, and authentic user control. The proposed intensity control modules are (i) Zone timer-based intensity control (ZTIC), (ii) ZTIC with motion detection (ZTICMD), (iii) Authorized User LIC (AULIC) (iv) Hybrid mode of LIC (HMLIC), (v) HMLIC with motion detection (HMLICMD) (vi) Intensity control based on priority (ICP). The modules use simple circuitry. Its functioning is verified. The developed system exhibits an overall energy savings of 60–85%. The proposed circuits are appropriate for energy-efficient outdoor street lighting applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Studies have shown that isometric handgrip (IHG) exercise is effective in reducing the systolic blood pressure (SBP) in hypertensive individuals. The aim of this study is to determine the effectiveness of IHG exercise along with salt restriction in pre-hypertensive individuals to bring them to normotensive levels. Dynamic exercise is physically demanding, lacks objective quantification, and is cumbersome. Aims and Objectives: (1) To study the effect of IHG exercise on SBP, diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and mean arterial blood pressure (MABP) in the exercise group; (2) To determine the SBP, DBP, and MABP pre- and poststudy in the control group; and (3) To compare the blood pressure difference pre- and postexercise among the exercise and control groups. Materials and Methods: 60 prehypertensive males were selected; SBP, DBP, and MABP were recorded as 0 weeks. 30 of them were subjected to only salt restriction, referred to as the control group; another 30 were subjected to salt restriction along with 30% maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) IHG exercise, 5 sessions per day with each hand performing every alternate day for 12 weeks. SBP, DBP, and MABP were recorded every 3rd week. The difference of 0-week and 12-week variable values was compared between the control and training groups. Results: A significant reduction by a mean value of 5.2 ± 2.15 was seen in SBP among the training group, whereas the difference in other variables was not significant. Conclusion: IHG exercise at 30% MVC, in combination with lifestyle modification, can be recommended to patients with prehypertension and can be a part of a comprehensive treatment regimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Olanzapine (OLZ) is an antipsychotic drug with low aqueous solubility. Cyclodextrin (CD) complexation is a potential approach employed to improve the solubility of poorly water-soluble drugs belonging to BCS classes II and IV. The solubility of olanzapine was improved using βCD, HPβCD and methyl βCD which was reported in earlier works. In the current study, a combination of βCD and HPβCD in 1:1 molar ratio was used in the preparation of complexes along with βCD and HPβCD. Methods such as slugging, hydration and granulation which are slight modifications of conventional methods like physical mixing and slugging were used. AL type curves were obtained in phase solubility studies specifying a linear increase in the solubility of drug with increase in concentration of cyclodextrin. The values of slopes calculated for AL type plots are less than one which suggests that OLZ:CD complexes are formed in 1:1 molar ratio. The stability constants obtained were 188.98 M -1, 140.63 M -1 and 157.48 M -1 with βCD, HPβCD and βCD+HPβCD and these values indicate that stable OLZ : CD complexes are formed. The drug : cyclodextrin binary complexes demonstrated a 2.27 to 3.67 - fold increment in aqueous solubility when compared to pure drug. The percentage of drug released in 60 minutes was 46 (pure drug), 65 - 89 (OLZ-βCD complexes), 59 - 80 (OLZ-HPβCD complexes) and 61 - 84 (OLZ-βCD+HPβCD complexes). Results of DSC, XRD and SEM indicated partial inclusion complexation. The complexes prepared by hydration method showed higher solubility when compared to other methods. In hydration method, the complexes were prepared using water which does not cause any harm to individual and environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates the staff outcomes that are influenced by physical environment features in a healthcare facility. Over the past few decades, research on the physical environment and its effects on hospital staff has advanced steadily. Focusing on the physical environment has become a research area with great potential because it is crucial to provide a favorable work environment for health professionals, which directly impacts the quality of care. A systematic literature review was conducted to identify research articles from two scientific databases and a healthcare journal. Articles that fulfilled the inclusion and exclusion criteria for relevant articles were included in this review. Relevant data were derived from the final shortlisted articles. The features identified in the articles were divided into three dimensions of the physical environment. The results demonstrate different outcomes for staff. This review shows the need to develop a comprehensive study involving the most important features of the three dimensions of the physical setting and its effects on staff. This study contributes invaluable insights for hospital administrators, architects, and designers by informing them about the critical factors shaping the healthcare workplace environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to read ritual performances, built forms and cultural undertones of traumatic migration in the settlements of people at the periphery of mainstream history at Mattancherry in Kochi, India. Interactions between their culture, faith, location, ethnicity and community enterprise are explored. This study is essential in the context of negative social perceptions of internal migration and migrants. Design/methodology/approach: The methodology is ethnography and includes interdisciplinary fieldwork of transect walks, participant observations, unstructured interviews and architectural documentation. Secondary references were community publications and scholarly journals. Findings: Constant resilient rebuilding was possible through shared identity and community enterprise. Community temples, monastic institutions, volunteer groups and emerging high-net-worth individuals contributed to nurturing this identity. The temple rituals encouraged an egalitarian outlook. Throughout the settlement's existence, the centrality of the temple and its religious activities remained constant. Community cohesion and endogamous practices create a cultural island distinct from the general population. Community enterprise also meant contribution to prosperity as productive citizens in the region and beyond. Originality/value: Religion and shared history-based ethnic community enterprise for survival and prosperity postmigration are observed in this settlement. The conducive entrepreneurial atmosphere is set in its historical, cultural and religious context. This study can, therefore, provide insights for policymakers and academia about the interactions between culture, faith and history during the entrepreneurial process. The cultural context is explored as a backdrop of community enterprise posttraumatic migration, informing societal perceptions about migration and migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a miniaturized Vivaldi antenna with a scan volume of ± 30° designed for the 6–18 GHz tactical operational band, commonly employed in phased array systems and modern surveillance applications. The proposed antenna offers enhanced radiation characteristics, low cross polarization, broad beam width, and moderate gain. The design presented in this paper follows a step-by-step approach to achieve enhanced performance in terms of multi-octave bandwidth and compact size. Initially, a traditional Vivaldi antenna was designed and examined, with a modified feed structure. Subsequently, corrugated edges were inserted into the antenna, increasing its electrical length and resulting in good impedance matching, especially in the 6–10 GHz frequency band. A prototype model is fabricated and tested to validate its performance against the simulation results. The measured results demonstrate that the return loss (S11) remains below −10 dB across the operating frequency range, achieving a 50% bandwidth, with a gain of 3–7 dB, and improved co-cross polarization of −23 dB at 6 GHz and −26 dB at 18 GHz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Environmental disasters such as earthquakes, tsunamis, floods, and landslides disrupt natural resources, human casualties, and so on. Early warning and alert of such events will help for preparedness to avoid human and economic causalities. Managing a disaster or emergency scenario is a difficult endeavor. These episodes of mass devastation, whether caused by natural disasters or man‐made disasters, result in massive losses of money, property, and lives as a result of inadequate response by the government and management authorities. As a result, actions must be taken to avoid these circumstances from occurring by discovering the causes of these catastrophes in advance and providing swift rescue procedures once the crisis happens. In a disaster situation, communication plays a vital role, and a lot of people turn towards it as a source of information conveyance/delivery for controlling the situation. Even these communication networks are damaged and incur tremendous losses during disasters. All the communication networks, including mobile wireless sensor networks (WSNs) deployed for communication, also suffer huge damage and face many challenges during disasters. Nature appears to deal with these issues well. WSN is inspired by several biological systems and processes that have intrinsically attractive properties such as adaptation, self‐organization, and self‐healing. In this paper, we proposed an enhanced bio‐inspired energy‐efficient localization (EBEEL) routing for Mobile WSN. The main focus of the proposed EBEEL algorithm is to overcome the challenges faced by peer‐existing routing protocols such as data aggregation, limited bandwidth, scalability, data redundancy, energy consumption, packet drops, load balancing, and Quality of Service (QoS). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: Privacy and security present significant challenges in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In order to enhance security, the sensor network is equipped with high throughput. While the importance of both source node (SN) and base station (BS) location privacy and security is acknowledged, recent research has predominantly focused on location privacy. Addressing this gap, the geometric zigzag bidirectional tree effectively tackles privacy and security threats at both the SN and BS locations. Future iterations of WSN are anticipated to integrate additional functionalities to meet diverse requirements in real‐world applications. The absence of robust security constraints leads to an unpredictable sensor network setup. This article aims to reduce energy consumption (EC) while simultaneously enhancing network security and connectivity. To address security challenges in WSN, we propose an optimized meta‐heuristic clustering‐based privacy key‐agreement routing technique. In the suggested system, a gateway‐based network is constructed to devise a key arrangement protocol that promotes privacy during communication. The proposed routing strategy involves forming clusters of sensor nodes (Sn), facilitating the efficient selection of cluster heads (CHs) that prioritize nodes with the least modification. This effectively addresses the EC problem. A comprehensive performance evaluation is conducted, considering improvements in energy efficiency, packet delivery ratio (PDR), throughput, end‐to‐end delay (E2 delay), and EC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ayn Rand’s philosophy of Objectivism sparked a lot of interest and inclination among her readers, and even inspired them to form the Atlas Society in the United States. Her bestselling books The Fountainhead, We the Living, and Atlas Shrugged made history under the banner of American literature and enjoyed tremendous economic success as well. This study analyzes her autobiography We the Living, where she describes the hardships that aristocrats and business people endured and the brutality of communists. She implied that those in positions of leadership ought to have compassion while using their authority. Otherwise, no law can bring equal rights or peace to the people. Ayn Rand claimed that the narrative edifices the dramatic characters and the conflict between the individual and the state. This article recounts the tale of We the Living and the author's own impressions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to capture patients' and employees' perception of quality of care in the Indian private hospitals and to find the possible perceptual gaps between both the groups. Design/methodology/approach: Authors have referred to the Victorian patient satisfaction monitoring (VPSM) scale and studied the responses of 327 patients and 327 employees collected from six private Indian tertiary care hospitals. SPSS v26 software was used to conduct the data reliability test, descriptive analysis and Mann–Whitney U test. Findings: Authors have found significant differences in perceptions of quality of care between the patients and employees in the Indian hospitals. Employees have high positive perceptions towards the provided medical care whereas the patients have less favourable perceptions for many quality indicators. Practical implications: This study findings help the healthcare managers, practitioners and healthcare workers of the Indian hospitals to understand the perceptions of both the employees and the patients towards healthcare quality elements and help to reduce the existing perceptual gap in the process of providing quality healthcare services. Originality/value: To the best of authors knowledge, this is one of the pioneering studies conducted in Indian healthcare industry to capture and compare the perceptions of both the employees' and the patients' perceptions of various quality of care elements. This study highlighted the existing perceptual gap between the employees and the patients on various healthcare quality elements and indicated the critical areas for improvement to provide high quality healthcare services. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: By following the "employee-centric" approach, this study aims at identifying the impact of high-performance work systems (HPWS) on specific employee attitudinal outcomes such as work engagement, job satisfaction and affective commitment in the Indian healthcare industry. Design/methodology/approach: The target population for this study includes the nurses working in large private multi-specialty tertiary care hospitals in India. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modelling (PLS-SEM) techniques are used on a sample of 152 nurses working in two large specialty hospitals. Findings: In the Indian healthcare industry context, the nurse's perception of HPWS has shown a significant positive effect on their attitudinal variables such as work engagement, job satisfaction and affective commitment. When checked for mediation of work engagement and job satisfaction variables in HPWS – affective commitment relationship, nurse's job satisfaction partially mediated the relationship, but nurse's work engagement has shown no mediation effect. Originality/value: This is one of the pioneering studies conducted in the Indian healthcare industry context, especially on the nurse's sample in identifying the impact of high-performance work systems on their attitudinal outcomes. Underscoring the paucity of HPWS research in the Indian healthcare industry, this study's findings will be an addition to the HPWS literature and also to the nursing research in the Indian healthcare settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the contemporary professional landscape, engineers are confronted with the dual imperative of not only excelling in the core subject expertise but also possessing linguistic competence to remain competitive in the global job market. The current employment scenario is marked by raise in demand but decline in the number of qualified professionals graduating from colleges. Graduates are now expected to embody the qualities of techno-managers, adept at multitasking in their roles. Relying solely on technical skills has proven inadequate for many individuals. Recognizing the evolving job market requirements, it became apparent that students must excel in communication, particularly English communication skills, to thrive professionally. Effective communication fosters the development of confidence, astuteness, and outward skills in students. Language acquisition is a lifelong, active process that commences at birth. Textbooks play a crucial role in achieving the objectives of a course, serving as prominent elements in the teaching process. Language learning, facilitated by learning strategies, involves a set of tactics individuals employ to take control of their learning processes. In today's educational landscape, teachers play a pivotal role in enhancing strategies in second or foreign language classrooms. Their responsibility extends to facilitating learning among students and making their thinking processes visible. Effectively teaching a second language (L2) requires educators to consider the unique needs and backgrounds of each learner. By doing so, they can employ methods that help students in utilizing strategies to enhance their L2 learning experience. This paper provides insights into the trailblazer learning strategies that augment the language skills repertoire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Liquisolid tablets are an innovative approach to enhance the dissolution rate and, thereby, the bioavailability of therapeutic agents with poor aqueous solubility. Materials and Methods: The objective of the current research was to compare the bioavailability of the optimized formulation of the olanzapine (OLZ) liquisolid tablet with that of the marketed tablet (MT) by conducting pharmacokinetic and behavioral assessment studies. Ten formulations were designed using Kolliphor EL as a non-volatile solvent, and the respective tablets were prepared by the direct compression method. Results: Pre-compression studies of powders of all the formulations showed good/excellent flow properties and compressibility. The drug release profiles of liquisolid tablets were determined and compared with those of MT. Based on the in vitro results, K250 was considered as an optimized formulation and selected for further in vivo studies. AUC0-∞ value of K250 formulation was found to be 357.2 ± 35.5 ng.h.mL-1, which was higher than that of the MT (258.4 ± 29.9 ng.h.mL-1). The reduction in locomotor activity was enhanced remarkably in K250 compared with MTs at p < 0.05. The time periods taken to fall in the rotarod test were approximately equal in the experimental groups, which indicated the absence of extrapyramidal side effects. There was a remarkable decrease in the number of boxes covered in the open field test. Conclusion: Kolliphor EL was found to be a potential non-volatile solvent that can be used to produce liquisolid tablets of OLZ with improved flow, compressibility, dissolution, and bioavailability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colibacillosis, caused by Escherichia coli, affects domestic and wild birds. The economic losses in industrial and subsistence poultry farms were considerable due to high morbidity and mortality and higher costs of medical treatments. A total of 488 birds were examined, out of which pathogenic Escherichia coli was found in 308 (63.11%) birds based on the biochemical, cultural, morphological and staining characters and these were confirmed by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Clinically affected birds showed symptoms of dullness, depression, disinclination to move, chest and beak resting on the ground with closed eyelids, loss of weight, weakness, ruffled feathers, gasping and distended abdomen. The pathological gross lesions noticed were the congestion of all visceral organ, fibrinous pericarditis, perihepatitis, air-sacculitis, peritonitis and salpingitis. The histopathology of effected lungs, air-sacs, pericardium, heart, liver and its capsule and peritoneum showed fibrinous inflammation with infiltration of inflammatory cells. The study concluded that colibacillosis was the cause of death of birds with typical gross and histopathological lesions in various outbreaks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There has been a growing need for fusion based research studies on the relations between university teaching and research. The higher educational universities of the current generation believe in and focus on the teachingresearch nexus in academics. To improve teaching methodology there is more emphasis given to the fusion teaching by enabling the information fusing concept through pedagogy. Many discussions have been carried out to evaluate the contribution of teaching-research nexus from the student's point of view. The current study highlights teaching through research where the learners are taught with a special focus on research activities at the same time. The objective of this work is to promote fusion of research related activities into the teaching and learning process to achieve positive impact on enhancing students' interest towards learning. In view of this and to support this, various opportunities were provided for students and teachers to conduct research and a strategic approach was implemented to achieve this objective. We explore a) student involvement in different scholarly activities b) analyse research skill acquisition of the experimental group c) collect feedback to find students satisfaction level on FTBR approach. The findings demonstrate (mean score 3.09) the positive contribution of the fusion research-teaching towards achieving academic excellence. The strategies discussed in the methodology and results of the study may be used to broaden the fusion teaching-research at the graduate and undergraduate levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This review explores the challenges and strategies in oral delivery of peptide and protein therapeutics. Physiological barriers such as the gastrointestinal tract, enzymatic degradation, poor permeability and proteolytic environment hinder effective delivery. Formulation approaches including bioavailability enhancement, mucoadhesive systems, nanoparticle-based, lipid-based, and polymer-based delivery systems have shown promise in improving solubility, stability, and permeability. Innovative technologies like nanotechnology-based delivery, targeted approaches, drug-device combinations, and bioadhesive/mucoadhesive technologies offer new avenues for overcoming challenges. Strategies to combat enzymatic degradation involve protease inhibitors, enzyme-resistant formulations, chemical modifications, and encapsulation strategies. Enhancing permeability across the intestinal epithelium can be achieved through absorption enhancers, carrier-mediated transport systems, tight junction modulators, and nanotechnology-based approaches. Preclinical and clinical studies provide insights into oral delivery efficacy, safety and patient acceptance. Future directions include advances in delivery, emerging technologies, regulatory considerations and patient compliance. This review offers a comprehensive overview for researchers and clinicians in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The caroticoclinoid ligament extends from the Anterior Clinoid Process (ACP) to the Middle Clinoid Process (MCP). Occasionally, it gets ossified and forms the caroticoclinoid foramen. Anterior clinoidectomy is a common surgical procedure to treat internal carotid artery aneurysms or pituitary tumours. Abnormal ossification of the caroticoclinoid ligament may lead to intraoperative or postoperative complications as it is not normally present. Aim: To find out the incidence of ossification of the caroticoclinoid ligament in adult human skulls. Materials and Methods: This was an observational crosssectional study that included 100 dry adult human skulls collected from the Department of Anatomy, Gandhi Medical College, Secunderabad; Osmania Medical College, Hyderabad; Bhaskar Medical College, Moinabad, Telangana, India, from January 2021 to February 2023. Adult human skulls with open vault were included. All the skulls were observed and skulls damaged in the clinoid regions were excluded from the study. The skulls were observed for the presence of any ossifications of the caroticoclinoid ligaments and the observations were noted. The qualitative data was presented as number and percentage was calculated. The data was recorded in MS excel version 2021. Results: The incidence of ossification of caroticoclinoid ligament was 8 (8%). The incidence was higher on right-side when compared to the left-side. Bilateral complete ossification of the caroticoclinoid ligament was observed in 2 (2%) skulls; bilateral incomplete ossification was observed in 3 (3%) skulls, unilateral complete ossification was observed in 2 (2%) skulls on the right-side. In one skull 1 (1%), complete ossification was observed on the right-side and incomplete ossification was observed on the left-side. Conclusion: Knowledge of the ossification of the caroticoclinoid ligament is important for neurosurgeons while performing anterior clinoidectomies or skull base surgeries. Radiological confirmation of the ossification of the caroticoclinoid ligament is essential to avoid complications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A livestock farmer presented few goats to the Veterinary Clinical Complex, College of Veterinary Science, Garividi with history of alopecia, pruritis, crusts and scabs all over the body. Also reported 18 out of 20 goat kids are showing similar signs in the herd. Skin scrapings revealed mites, that are identified as Chorioptes spp. Mild anemia and hypoproteinemia were evident in the affected kids. Ivermectin and topical amitraz along with supportive therapy for five weeks were found to be effective. Regrowth of hair started after 32 days of treatment with good prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biofuel production from biomass resources can significantly contribute to greenhouse gas mitigation and clean energy generation. This paper aims to develop a new decision analysis approach under an intuitionistic fuzzy set (IFS) setting to rank suitable biomass resources for biofuel production. For this purpose, an intuitionistic fuzzy Symmetry Point of Criterion (IF-SPC) tool was introduced to obtain the objective weight of the indicators and an IF-rank sum (IF-RS) was applied to find the subjective weight of the indicators under an IFS setting. Then, an integrated multi-attributive ideal real comparative assessment (MAIRCA) approach was introduced using aggregation operators and a proposed weight-determining tool to rank suitable biomass resources for biofuel production. Further, the usability of the proposed model was tested with a case study of the selection of biomass resources for biofuel production under the context of IFS. From the obtained outcomes, we found that the most important indicators for selecting suitable biomass resources for biofuel production are cost of biomass supply (EC-3), maturity (T-3), local acceptability (SP-1), cost of the biomass conversion process (EC-2), and reduction of GHG emissions (EN-1), respectively. From this perspective, globally existing sustainable biomass resources for biofuel production were recognized and then ranked over thirteen diverse indicators including environmental, economic, technical, and social-political pillars of sustainability. It was found that municipal solid waste and sewage, forest and wood farming waste, and livestock and poultry waste achieve higher overall utility scores over the other biomass resources for biofuel production in India. Furthermore, comparison with extant models and sensitivity analysis are discussed to present the usefulness and stability of the presented model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: In the present investigation, we have studied the inhibitory potential of a bioactive compound isolated from Rhus tripartite on Glucokinase (GK), Dipeptidyl Peptidase-IV (DPP-IV), alpha-glucosidase, and alpha-amylase enzymes. Materials and Methods: The plant leaves were subjected to Soxhlet extraction followed by qualitative phytochemical screening and the separation of active constituents by applying column chromatography. The obtained fraction was subjected to spectral analysis to identify the compound. Molecular docking followed by in vitro enzyme assays were used to study the inhibitory effect of the isolated compound. Results: The plant leaves were used for the extraction, and the identified compound was S-benzo[d]oxazol-2-yl 2-(piperazine-1-yl)ethanethioate, confirmed by spectral analysis. From in-silico ADMET analysis, the isolated compound displayed most drug-likeness features, and in molecular docking studies, it has developed many crucial hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic interactions with enzymes (PDB IDs: 1V4S, 2P8S, 3BAX, and 3WY2). An in vitro enzyme assay validated the virtual screening results of isolated compounds. Isolated compound at 250 μgm/mL displayed 96.29±2.56, 89.23±2.1, 72.72±0.75, and 69.76±0.85% activity against GK, DPP-IV, alpha-amylase, and alpha-glucosidase enzymes, respectively. Conclusion: Our study concluded that DM could be treated using an isolated compound after further in-vivo and in-vitro studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ITK inhibitor is used for the treatment of asthma and activity of inhibitor prediction helps to provide better treatment. Few researches were carried out for the analysis and prediction of kinases activity. Existing methods applied for the inhibitor prediction have limitations of imbalance dataset and lower performance. In this research, the Posterior Probabilistic Weighted Average Based Ensemble voting (PPWAE)ensemble method is proposed with various classifier for effective prediction of kinases activity. The PPWAE model selects the most probable class from the classification method for prediction. The co-train model has two advantages: Features are trained together to increases the learning rate of model and probability is measured for each model to select the efficient classifier. Support Vector Machine (SVM), Random Forest (RF), Decision Tree (DT), Classification and Regression Tree (CART), and Nave Bayes were among the classifiers employed. The results suggest that the Probabilistic Co-train ensemble technique performs well in kinase activity prediction. In the prediction of ITK inhibitor activity, the suggested ensemble method has a 74.27 percent accuracy, while the conventional SVM method has a 60% accuracy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In today's world, most of the things are done online such as online banking, food ordering, car booking, and shopping. It is very difficult to protect the data utilizing the conventional cryptographic and Steganographic approach with the present techniques. DNA cryptography is one of the new areas of information security. DNA cryptography can encrypt the data or information in the form of DNA nucleotides (A, T, G and C). In this DNA Cryptography process, the data may be in the form of Audio, video, Image, or text file. It can create utilization of the huge DNA storage capacity and its biological properties like robustness, vastly constant molecule, efficient of cost and simply obtainable. However, the message encryption algorithm contains various steps to break and to obtain the original message. Therefore, in this paper, presents a Trellis algorithm with DNA sequence and random key generation to provide more security to the data. In this process, key is generated randomly between sender and receiver and the arbitrary selection of DNA sequence is enhanced to numerous numbers. The trellis encoding process can be performed to encrypt the data and trellis decoding process is executed to decrypt the data securely. The experimental results of this proposed system can show that this method can resist different kinds of attack. This presented technique can assist to retrieve original data (audio, video, image, or text file) without any alteration from decryption process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For both clients and developers in the development of software, the effort estimate is vital. Lower efforts may lead to poorly created processes, low-quality and delayed budgets being improperly approved by the management. This could lead to a failure to complete the task in the defined schedule. The assessed parameter helps to share the information needed to accomplish project results successfully. The main parameters for the software projects include time, conditions, people, infrastructure, materials and funds and hazards. For this reason, large evaluations of various elements, including effort and cost, are vital to a project. If the estimate is less than necessary, the advancement of the project is also lacking in cash and time. The paper's main aim is to evaluate the software development estimate to improve current RE, MRE, MMRE and PRED methodologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

English is unquestionably an international tongue, and it is now more significant than ever due to its widespread use. Students must communicate in English both for academic and professional purposes. To meet the diverse learning demands of Indian students from various age groups, social backgrounds, and cultural backgrounds, a variety of teaching strategies are observed and used. The Grammar Translation method, used up until the 1970s, was teaching linguistic forms and structures with the goal of enhancing grammatical proficiency through memorization of rules, to comprehend the syntax of the second language. However, it disregards the significance of linguistic and socio-cultural factors. Direct utterances hardly ever have room for concealed or suggested meanings when learning linguistic competence, like grammar. However, in normal conversation, speakers typically convey the majority of communicational material through inference rather than explicit language. Having a conversation without using implicit meaning is actually impossible. As a result, it is important to examine an utterance's pragmatic potential or any context-specific latent meanings. In other words, pragmatics is the study of communicative behavior in a socio-cultural context since every utterance is not isolated and has socio-cultural implications based on the goal and manner of speaking. Conversation, debate, and many forms of discourses are examples of communication actions whereas speech acts are requesting, addressing, inviting, apologizing etc. This paper focuses on students' self-learning abilities and various methods that enhance their pragma- linguistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A zinc(II) complex, tetraaqua-bis[4-(H-tetrazol-5-yl)pyridinato]-zinc(II) dehydrate, has been synthesized in situ from isonicotinonitrile and sodium azide utilizing green methods. The complex is characterized by IR, SEM-EDAX, PXRD, and TGA techniques. The octahedron structure with two 4-PTZ ligands and four aqua ligands binding to the zinc metal was confirmed by SCXRD studies. HOMO–LUMO energies were determined from DFT studies. The electrostatic potential is calculated to confirm the intermolecular hydrogen bonding. Photocatalytic activity of the complex was detected by degrading methyl orange, methylene blue, and congo red dyes. The synthesized complex was biologically evaluated for its DNA-cleavage, antioxidant and antibacterial activity, and effective inhibition of bacterial proteins compared with molecular docking studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A total of 100 Poultry carcasses suspected for infectious bursal disease were collected from 20 poultry farms and conducted postmortem at the Department of Veterinary Pathology, NTR College of Veterinary science, Gannavaram ( Andra Pradesh, India) . Sick birds showed ruffled feathers, loss of appetite, whitish diarrhea and soiled vent. On postmortem examination, grossly bursa of Fabricius was swollen, enlarged with mucous exudate in lumen and haemorrhages were noticed on the mucosa. Paint brush haemorrhages were noticed on thigh muscles and at the junction of gizzard and proventriculus. Kidneys were swollen and ureters were filled with urate crystals. Histopathology of bursa of Fabricius revealed shrinkage of follicles, severe lymphoid depletion, necrosis, lymphocytolysis and cyst formation in follicles. Diagnosis of the disease was confirmed by targeting the VP2 gene of infectious bursal disease virus (IBDV) with a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction which revealed an amplicon size of 743 bp. Based on gross and histopathological lesions and molecular findings disease was confirmed as infectious bursal disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the current study we have demonstrated the effectiveness of ultrasound, a source of green energy, in accessing various isoquinolin‐1(2H)‐one derivatives via the sequential two‐step reaction in a single pot. The methodology involved ultrasound assisted Cu‐catalyzed α‐arylation of ketones with 2‐iodobenzamide (via a C−C bond formation) followed by intramolecular cyclization (via the C−N bond formation) in the same pot. The role of ultrasound, catalyst, base and solvent in the current transformation was evaluated and the generality as well as scope of the methodology was examined via synthesizing a variety of compounds in acceptable to good (49–93 %) yields. The application potential of the methodology was demonstrated further via synthesizing a reported bioactive arylisoquinolinamine derivative of medicinal significance. Further, the encouraging inhibition of TNF‐α in vitro (>50 % at 10 μM) was shown by some of the synthesized compounds e. g. 3 j, 3 m and 3 p. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: A novel foot‐shaped elliptically embedded patch (EEP) ultra wide band (UWB) antenna with four band elimination features is demonstrated. The designed antenna incorporates embedded ellipses as its structure, a 50 Ω microstrip line feed, and a defective rectangular ground structure (DRGS). The antenna has 22 × 32 mm2 in size, with a frequency spectrum of 2.8–13.3 GHz, and a fractional bandwidth (FBW) of 130%. On the radiating element, four half‐wavelength inverted U‐shaped slots are used to create four band‐stop characteristics and are verified by using characteristic mode analysis (CMA). The antenna has four band rejection characteristics, exhibiting S11 > –10 dB at 3.37 GHz for Worldwide Interoperability for Microwave Access (WiMAX) (3.17–3.61 GHz), 3.95 GHz for C (3.70–4.34 GHz), 5.49 GHz for wireless local area network (WLAN) (5.16–5.82 GHz), and 8.31 GHz for ITU‐8 (8.10–8.64 GHz) bands. The proposed EEP radiator with four notch characteristics has voltage standing wave ratio (VSWR) values of 10.5, 25.6, 8.9, and 3.8 for notch center frequencies of 3.37, 3.95, 5.49, and 8.31 GHz. The proposed antenna peak gain fluctuates from 1.6 to 4.4, peak efficiency is 98.92%, group delay variations are less than 0.65 ns, linear phase response, and transfer function is less than –35 dB all across the entire UWB operating bandwidth except for notched frequency bands, which makes it appropriate for UWB portable applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contamination of domestic water sources is a major concern in estuarine islands of coastal Karnataka. Awareness about practices for waste management and protection of water sources on these islands is poor. Using water having bacterial presence for domestic purposes can lead to various health risks in humans. The research investigates various factors leading to bacterial contamination of domestic water sources at Mudukudru island of Swarna river, in the Udupi district of Karnataka. Samples were collected during the Pre-monsoon (December–May) and Monsoon (June–September) seasons from 43 wells of individual houses on the island. The total concentration of bacteria, in the water samples was determined from microbial analysis. The multiple tube, most probable number (MPN), fermentation technique was adopted to determine the total coliform in the samples. Factors like the presence or absence of well lining, well housing, wellhead above or below ground level, the distance of well from sewage pits, and the distance of livestock from the wells were correlated. The results indicated bacterial contamination in 32 wells during the monsoon as compared to pre-monsoon data, with the total coliform count exceeding the standard of 500 MPN/100 mL. A significant relation between total coliform count in the water samples and the absence of well lining with sanitary protection is observed with p -value =.00 (p ⩽.05) and wells located near (<10.0 m) to sewage pit with p -value ⩽.05, were recorded respectively during both the seasons of sampling. The study highlights the major factors leading to bacterial contamination of wells on the island. Awareness about the planning of domestic wells through community-driven programs and hygiene education can be beneficial for the sustainable future of these islands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examines the impact that entropy production has on electric magnetohydrodynamics (MHD) hybrid nanofluid (Al2O3–SiC) flows due to the effect of thermal radiation and chemical reaction on permeable stretching sheets. A key element of this study is that to increase thermal conductivity and improve convective heat transfer, the field of electricity is used in the MHD model with entropy production, and the solution technique utilizing "bvp4c" was presented. Through appropriate transformations and analyses of entropy generation, the constituent equations have been turned into strong, nonlinear, ordinary differential equations; the entropy generated rate for a system is crucial to optimize energy in the system to work efficiently. Subsequently, these transformed equations are solved by the "bvp4c" package in MATLAB. The thermal transfer system contains velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles with novel parameters included such as the unsteady parameter, the Grashof number, the mass Grashof number, Prandtl number, Brownian motion parameter, the Schmidt number, the thermophoresis parameter, the porosity parameter, the magnetic field parameter, the electric field parameter, the Eckert number, the Brinkman number, the radiation parameter, and chemical reaction. In addition, the study analyses the prediction accuracy of thermal conductivity enhancement using an artificial neural network (ANN) with data from the values of the numerical solution. This analysis is performed with the help of MATLAB. The result of this research concludes that the decrease in the magnetic field and porosity parameters stimulate a rise in the velocity of nanofluid; the parameters of the magnetic field, electric field, and thermal radiation increase, the temperature of the nanofluid increases, and the increase in the parameters of Schmidt number, Brownian motion, and the chemical reaction delivers a decrease in the concentration level of nanofluid. Two current methods are compared to the approach applied in this study. Finally, the ANN results in better accuracy of thermal conductivity enhancement values from the numerical values. Hence, this study concludes with the accurate thermal conductivity enhancement of the nanofluid with the impacts of a chemical reaction and thermal radiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pathogenic variations in SMPD1 lead to acid sphingomyelinase deficiency (ASMD), that is, Niemann‐Pick disease (NPD) type A and B (NPA, NPB), which is a recessive lysosomal storage disease. The knowledge of variant spectrum in Indian patients is crucial for early and accurate NPD diagnosis and genetic counseling of families. In this study, we recruited 40 unrelated pediatric patients manifesting symptoms of ASMD and subnormal ASM enzyme activity. Variations in SMPD1 were studied using Sanger sequencing for all exons, followed by interpretation of variants based on American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics & Association for Molecular Pathology (ACMG/AMP) criteria. We identified 18 previously unreported variants and 21 known variants, including missense, nonsense, deletions, duplications, and splice site variations with disease‐causing potential. Eight missense variants were functionally characterized using in silico molecular dynamic simulation and in vitro transient transfection in HEK293T cells, followed by ASM enzyme assay, immunoblot, and immunofluorescence studies. All the variants showed reduced ASM activity in transfected cells confirming their disease‐causing potential. The study provides data for efficient prenatal diagnosis and genetic counseling of families with NPD type A and B. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Human nude SCID is a rare autosomal recessive inborn error of immunity (IEI) characterized by congenital athymia, alopecia, and nail dystrophy. Few cases have been reported to date. However, the recent introduction of newborn screening for IEIs and high-throughput sequencing has led to the identification of novel and atypical cases. Moreover, immunological alterations have been recently described in patients carrying heterozygous mutations. The aim of this paper is to describe the extended phenotype associated with FOXN1 homozygous, compound heterozygous, or heterozygous mutations. We collected clinical and laboratory information of a cohort of 11 homozygous, 2 compound heterozygous, and 5 heterozygous patients with recurrent severe infections. All, except one heterozygous patient, had signs of CID or SCID. Nail dystrophy and alopecia, that represent the hallmarks of the syndrome, were not always present, while almost 50% of the patients developed Omenn syndrome. One patient with hypomorphic compound heterozygous mutations had a late-onset atypical phenotype. A SCID-like phenotype was observed in 4 heterozygous patients coming from the same family. A spectrum of clinical manifestations may be associated with different mutations. The severity of the clinical phenotype likely depends on the amount of residual activity of the gene product, as previously observed for other SCID-related genes. The severity of the manifestations in this heterozygous family may suggest a mechanism of negative dominance of the specific mutation or the presence of additional mutations in noncoding regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

miRNA play role in post transcriptional regulation of genes and serves a range of biological functions such as initiation, development, metastasis etc. which are also hallmarks of cancer. Hence, we evaluated miRNA 181a, miRNA 30c and miRNA 570 in bladder cancer risk association among North Indians. miRNA 570 C/G (rs4143815), miRNA 30c A/G (rs928508) and miRNA 181a C/T (rs12537) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were genotyped by allelic discrimination TaqMan assay in 100 bladder cancer (BC) patients and 100 healthy controls. No significant difference was found in the genotype frequencies of the candidate SNPs among cases and controls. However, combined effect of miRNA 570-miRNA 30c (CG + AA) p = 0.005, OR = 0.223, 95% CI and miRNA 570-miRNA 181a (CG + CC) p = 0.003, OR = 0.169, 95% CI conferred association with no risk of BC. miRNA 181a C/T (rs12537), miRNA 30c A/G (rs928508) and miRNA 570 C/G (rs4143815) should be further validated in large sample size to be used as a risk predictor for bladder cancer among North Indians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1) plays a key role in the base excision repair pathway, as a scaffold protein that brings together proteins of the DNA repair complex. Several studies have reported contradictory results for XRCC1 exon 6 C>T (rs1799782) gene polymorphism and cancer risk in Indian population has provided inconsistent results. Therefore, we have performed this meta-analysis to evaluate the relationship between XRCC1 exon 6 C>T gene polymorphism and risk of cancer by published studies. We searched PubMed and Google scholar web databases to cover all studies published on association between XRCC1 exon 6 C>T gene polymorphism and cancer risk. The meta-analysis was carried out and pooled odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CIs) were used to appraise the strength of association. In order to derive a more precise estimation of the association, A total of 3197 confirmed cancer cases and 3819 controls were included from eligible seventeen case-controls studies. Results from overall pooled analysis demonstrated suggested that that variant allele (T vs. C: OR 1.301, 95% CI 1.003–1.688, p = 0.047) was associated with the risk of overall cancer. Other genetic models; heterozygous (TC vs. CC: OR 1.108, 95% CI 0.827–1.485, p = 0.491), homozygous (TT vs. CC: OR 1.479, 95% CI 0.877–2.493, p = 0.142), dominant (TT+TC vs. CC: OR 1.228, 95% CI 0.899–1.677, p = 0.196) and recessive (TT vs. TC+CC: OR 1.436, 95% CI 0.970–2.125, p = 0.071) did not reveal statistical association. Publication bias observation was also considered and none was detected during the analysis. The present meta-analysis suggested that the variant allele T of XRCC1 exon 6 gene polymorphism was associated with the risk of cancer. It is therefore pertinent to confirm this finding in a large sample size to divulge the mechanism of this polymorphism and cancer risk in Indian population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For separation of abacavir sulfate enantiomers, normal phase chiral methods were reported. Handling of normal phase solvents for high‐performance liquid chromatography is very difficult in quality control laboratories and also no reversed phase‐chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography method for separation of abacavir sulfate enantiomer in drug substance has been reported. A new and accurate isocratic reversed phase‐chiral high‐performance liquid chromatography method was developed and validated for the separation of abacavir sulfate undesired enantiomer in abacavir. The separation achieved on amylose derivative chiral column, i.e. chiralpak AD‐H containing amylose tris‐3,5‐dimethyl phenyl carbamate using 0.1% triethylamine in a mixture of water, methanol, and acetonitrile as a mobile phase. The correlation coefficient values were 0.998 and 0.997 for the undesired enantiomer and the desired enantiomer of abacavir sulfate, respectively. The limit of detection was 0.01% and the limit of quantification was 0.03%. The precision enantiomer at limit of quantification level was evaluated through six replicate injections and the relative standard deviation of the peak response achieved is 2.5. The percentage recoveries of undesired enantiomer from abacavir sulfate drug substance were from 96.7 to 118.0%. The drug substance was subjected to stress studies. It was found to not degrade significantly under acidic, hydrolysis, and oxidative stress conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High prevalence of congenital hypothyroidism (CH) among Indian newborns prompted us to establish population-specific reference ranges of TSH and to explore the contribution of the common genetic variants in TSHR, TPO, TG and DUOX2 genes towards CH. A total of 1144 newborns (593 males and 551 females) were screened for CH. SNV profiling (n = 22) spanning three candidate genes, i.e. TSHR, TPO and TG was carried out in confirmed CH cases (n = 45). In screen negative cases (n = 700), ten TSHR variants were explored to establish association with CH. No mutation found in DUOX2. The 2.5th to 97.5th percentiles of TSH in these newborns were 0.5 to 12.2 mU/L. In newborns with optimal birth weight, the cut-off was 10 mU/L. Lower or higher birth weight resulted in slightly higher TSH. Two TSHR variants, i.e. rs7144481 and rs17630128 were associated with agenesis, hypoplasia and goiter. The rs2268477 was associated with agenesis and hypoplasia. The rs1991517, rs2075176 and rs2241119 were associated with agenesis only. The rs7144481, rs17630128, rs1991517 and rs2268477 were associated with 2.17, 4.62, 2.91 and 2.29-fold increased risk for CH, respectively. Among the TPO variants, rs867983 and rs2175977 were associated with agenesis and goiter, respectively. Among the TG variants, rs2076740 showed association with agenesis and goiter. Two rare variants i.e. TPO g.IVS14-19 G>C and TG c.1262 C>T were observed in CH cases. No genetic variant identified in the two exons of DUOX2. To conclude, the current study established Indian population-specific normative values for TSH and demonstrates specific genotype–phenotype correlations among three candidate genes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]