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Otoliths are very solid stone-like formations that are found within the appropriate fossa in the cranial cavity, right below the brain of some fishes including Pomadasys maculatus. The termite mound soil is reported to have varied physicochemical properties with richer nutritional components than the surrounding soil. So, the present study has been planned to synthesize nanopowder from the Pomadasys maculatus otolith stone doped with termite mound soil (PMOS:TMS NPs). The characteristics of the termite mound soil-mediated nanopowder are analyzed, and they are subjected to several characterization methods, including powder XRD, EDAX, SEM, FTIR, and FT-Raman spectroscopy. The different functional groups present in the PMOS:TMS NPS were examined using the FT-IR and FT-Raman spectra and different constituents found in PMOS:TMS NPs are shown in the EDAX study. The PMOS:TMS NPs showed notable antioxidant activity in the DPPH (IC50 of 148.32 ± 0.46 µg/mL) and superoxide (IC50 of 151.55 ± 0.75 µg/mL) free radical scavenging assays. In the bovine serum albumin assay, the PMOS:TMS NPs showed significant anti-inflammatory activity with an IC50 of 132.6 ± 0.4 µg/mL. Likewise, the synthesized nanopowder exhibited good antidiabetic activity against the α-amylase enzyme inhibition assay with an IC50 of 140.83 ± 1.35 µg/mL. The otolith stone’s ability to heal wounds was confirmed by the wound scratch test. The obtained results of the research suggest that the nanopowder synthesized using the Pomadasys maculatus otolith stone doped with termite mound soil may be a useful therapeutic agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the neutrosophic interval-valued set applied to the q-rung logarithmic operator (q-RLOANIVS). One might develop a q-rung neutrosophic interval-valued set by extending the Pythagorean interval-valued fuzzy set (PIVFS) and neutrosophic set (NS). We discuss the q-Rlogarithimic operator applied neutrosophic interval-valued weighted averaging (q-RLOANIVWA), q-Rlogarithimic operator applied neutrosophic intervalvalued weighted geometric (q-RLOANIVWG), extended q-Rlogarithimic operator applied neutrosophic intervalvalued weighted averaging (q-RELOANIVWA) and extended q-Rlogarithimic operator applied neutrosophic interval-valued weighted geometric (q-RELOANIVWG). Several algebraic attributes have been established, including distributivity, idempotency, and associativity of q-RLOANIVSs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a ternary nanocomposite of reduced graphene oxide/Nickel oxide@Titanium dioxide (rGO/NiO@TiO2-RNT) was synthesized via a hydrothermal technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern revealed that the composite possessed a well-defined crystalline structure, which was essential for efficient charge transfer and electrochemical performance. High-resolution scanning electron microscope (HR-SEM) analysis found that the composite between NiO@TiO2 and rGO sheets was coupled through Van der Waals interactions, providing efficient electron/ion paths and sufficient buffer space to alleviate volume expansion. The electrochemical exploration of the prepared ternary nanocomposite exhibited a remarkable specific capacitance of 856 Fg−1 at a current density of 1 Ag−1 and revealed excellent cyclic retention of 91% even after successive 5000 cycles at 5 Ag−1. Finally, the fabricated asymmetric supercapacitor demonstrated a specific capacitance of 325 Fg−1 at a current density of 1 Ag−1, with a maximum energy and power density of 64 Wh Kg−1 and 1.2 KW kg−1, maintained stability at 83% after 5000 cycles. Therefore, the results obtained in this study demonstrated that the prepared ternary nanocomposite is a potential electrode material for next-generation energy storage applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Electrohydrodynamics (EHD) deals with the motion of a liquid under the influence of an external electric field, and a leaky dielectric fluid has low but non-zero conductivity. Many earlier studies on EHD have considered the flow of perfect dielectric fluids. This study has established a computational framework to investigate the droplet evolution pattern of leaky dielectric fluids under an externally applied electric field. The Navier–Stokes equations and charge conservation equations are solved using the coupled level set and volume of fluid method. It was observed that the dynamics of the leaky dielectric liquid emanating from the orifice of an ejector depends on several factors such as flow rate, electric field intensity, surface tension, Coulombic forces, and electrophoretic forces. Different jetting regimes, such as choked jets, pulsating jets, steady cone jets, and multi jets, were observed based on these conditions. Variations in the drop diameters and jet breakup length at different flow rates were studied, and the results were compared with the available experimental results. It was also observed that the breakup time and detached drop volume can be suitably tuned by varying the strength of the applied electric field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Interconnection networks, composed of numerous integrated circuits (ICs), form complex structures crucial to many parallel computing systems. The effectiveness of very large scale integration (VLSI) relies on various parameters that influence the design’s cost. In this article, one such crucial parameter, called wirelength, has been studied. Graph embedding is a tool used in the design of VLSI layouts. A graph’s optimal linear layout, also known as minimum linear arrangement (MinLA), is achieved by embedding its vertices onto a line topology. The network topology of (K 11 - C 11) n is significant due to its distinct structure when n = 1 . The study of the Cartesian product of graphs, whether considered as a guest graph (Bezrukov et al. in Ann Comb 4:153–169, 2000; Arockiaraj et al. in Theor Comput Sci 905:69–86, 2022), a host graph (Harper in J Soc Ind Appl Math 12:131–135, 1964; Arockiaraj et al. in Discret Appl Math 288:50–65, 2021), or in relation to solving its edge isoperimetric problem (EIP) (Bonnet and Sikora in Int J Found Comput Sci 27:771–774, 2016; Afiya and Rajesh in J Supercomput 79:12000–12012, 2023), has received considerable attention in recent years. This has also motivated the study of the cartesian product of (K 11 - C 11) . The paper focuses on computing the EIP of (K 11 - C 11) n and addresses the minimum linear arrangement and optimal wirelength of grid, triangular snake and certain tree structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Digital soil mapping (DSM) is a significant advancement in soil mapping systems, enabling efficient mapping of soil patterns across different temporal and spatial scales. This computer-assisted method surpasses the traditional soil mapping techniques in terms of both compatibility and accuracy. This study employed multinomial logistic regression to map the soil subgroup levels in the Coimbatore district. Primary sample points and Natural Resource Information System (NRIS) database points serve as the dependent variables, while significant covariate layers act as independent variables. The accuracy assessment showed an overall mapping accuracy of 52.58%, with a kappa statistic of 0.50. Additionally, the calculated disagreement measures, including quantity and allocation disagreements, were 21.50% and 25.92%, respectively. The approach provides spatial soil maps at 30 m resolution and was extended for the Coimbatore district of Tamil Nadu, considering the lack of organized high resolution soil maps for operational use. The area statistics calculated from the digital soil map showed that the soil orders Vertisols cover the largest area, accounting for approximately 25.97% (122,630.38 ha) of the total land area. Soil subgroups like Ultic Haplustalfs and Vertic Ustorthents occupy substantial portions of the land, accounting for 9.95% and 9.62% of the total area, respectively. The total land area classified by the map accounts for 427,432.10 ha, i.e., 90.53% of the total land area, of which 44,696.46 ha (9.467%) remains unclassified. The study also presents the statistics on soil order at the block level. These findings provide valuable insights into soil classification, offering a comprehensive understanding of soil distribution and characteristics that support effective decision-making for sustainable land management and agricultural practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study predicted the soil erosion map of the Coimbatore district, Western part of Tamil Nadu, India, to assess the potential of Digital Soil Mapping (DSM) against the empirical model, Revised Universal Soil Loss Equation (RUSLE). A total of 386 surface soil samples were collected and their properties used to predict soil erosion spatially. The Geographical Information System (GIS) enabled RUSLE factors to be derived spatially and integrated for annual soil loss estimation. The soil loss values calculated based on the RUSLE factors ranged from 0 to 88.58 t ha–1 yr–1. The spatial soil erosion was further predicted based on the SCORPAN model using the decision tree methodology to compare the suitability of the approaches in erosion mapping. The modelling tool, Cubist, was adopted to model the continuous soil erosion properties with 33 environmental covariates as independent variables. The LS factor, profile curvature, geology, mean annual rainfall, maximum air temperature, land use, minimum air temperature, elevation, slope and geomorphology covariates were the most influencing variables in predicting soil loss. The Cubist model's rules are applied to the NLCD-Cubist classifier to generate a soil erosion map, and the annual soil loss ranged from 0 to 52.54 t ha–1 yr–1. The spatial pattern of soil erosion classes indicated that the Coimbatore district's western part has a high erosion risk. Based on the validation sample points (n = 190), the DSM approach showed a higher concordance correlation (r = 0.857), whereas the RUSLE model showed less agreement (r = 0.632). From the concordance correlation values, it could be inferred that the decision tree algorithm performed better than the RUSLE erosion model. However, from the error map generated, it is advisable to have more soil observations with suitable environmental covariates to improve digital soil erosion mapping accuracy. The DSM approach is exploited well with point-based soil erosion loss information. The RUSLE model would perform well if the R, K, LS, C, and P factor maps were available at uniform scale and spatial resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Musculoskeletal (MSK) injuries are the most common and debilitating work-related injuries among healthcare providers. These injuries often occur due to a lack of awareness and insufficient guidance during the early years of medical training. Recognizing the need to address this issue, the Comprehensive Cleft Care Workshop (CCCW) has taken steps to integrate an ergonomics session into its curriculum. The goal of this initiative is to enhance awareness on ergonomics, improve the integration of ergonomics into daily routine, and ultimately reduce the occurrence of MSK injuries among healthcare professionals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2002, G. Chartrand and P. Zhang [Discrete Math., 242, 4 (2002)] characterized the connected graphs G of order p ≥ 3 with Steiner number p, p − 1, or 2. We characterize all connected graphs G of order p ≥ 4 with Steiner number s(G) = p − 2. In addition, we obtain some sharp Nordhaus–Gaddum bounds for the Steiner number of connected graphs whose complement is also connected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, modification methods are used to ascertain the nutritional composition and functional characteristics of the cassava (rhizome), bananas (fruits), and corn (grains) starches. The physical modification by autoclaving-cooling cycle method results in higher starch yield than chemical modification using acid hydrolysis approach. Native starches are recorded with higher proximate chemical compositions than modified starches, including moisture, acidity, ash, protein, fat, and amylopectin concentrations. However, the modified starches had higher levels of crude fiber, pH, and amylose content. Native cassava starch (87.49 ± 0.76) and native corn starch (74.98 ± 0.51) were found to have higher values (L*) in the colour measurement. It was shown that the native starch required a lower gelatinization temperature (ºC) and shorter gelatinization times (min) than the modified starches from cassava, bananas, and corn. In comparison to modified starches (4.00 ± 0.03, 2.90 ± 0.09, and 14.10 ± 0.38%), the solubility of cassava, banana, and corn native starches was found to be 14.60 ± 0.12, 11.60 ± 0.46, and 22.64 ± 0.22%. Similarly, native starches have a stronger swelling power than modified starches. The solubility index (%) and swelling power (g/g) on the native and modified starches of cassava, banana, and corn were calculated, and the effects of temperature (60–90ºC), dry heat (50–200ºC), and moist heat (25–100ºC) treatment methods were explored. The association between the functional characteristics of starches from cassava, bananas, and corn and their modification processes and temperature variations is revealed by the study. The outcomes will offer the information needed to use these modified starches as functional food ingredients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radiologist interruptions, though often necessary, can be disruptive. Prior literature has shown interruptions to be frequent, occurring during cases, and predominantly through synchronous communication methods such as phone or in person causing significant disengagement from the study being read. Asynchronous communication methods are now more widely available in hospital systems such as ours. Considering the increasing use of asynchronous communication methods, we conducted an observational study to understand the evolving nature of radiology interruptions. We hypothesize that compared to interruptions occurring through synchronous methods, interruptions via asynchronous methods reduce the disruptive nature of interruptions by occurring between cases, being shorter, and less severe. During standard weekday hours, 30 radiologists (14 attendings, 12 residents, and 4 fellows) were directly observed for approximately 90-min sessions across three different reading rooms (body, neuroradiology, general). The frequency of interruptions was documented including characteristics such as timing, severity, method, and length. Two hundred twenty-five interruptions (43 Teams, 47 phone, 89 in-person, 46 other) occurred, averaging 2 min and 5 s with 5.2 interruptions per hour. Microsoft Teams interruptions averaged 1 min 12 s with only 60.5% during cases. In-person interruptions averaged 2 min 12 s with 82% during cases. Phone interruptions averaged 2 min and 48 s with 97.9% during cases. A substantial portion of reading room interruptions occur via predominantly asynchronous communication tools, a new development compared to prior literature. Interruptions via predominantly asynchronous communications tools are shorter and less likely to occur during cases. In our practice, we are developing tools and mechanisms to promote asynchronous communication to harness these benefits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Physician burnout in the US has reached crisis levels, with one source identified as extensive after-hours documentation work in the electronic health record (EHR). Evidence has illustrated that physician preferences for after-hours work vary, such that after-hours work may not be universally burdensome. Our objectives were to analyze variation in preferences for after-hours documentation and assess if preferences mediate the relationship between after-hours documentation time and burnout. Materials and Methods We combined EHR active use data capturing physicians' hourly documentation work with survey data capturing documentation preferences and burnout. Our sample included 318 ambulatory physicians at MedStar Health. We conducted a mediation analysis to estimate if and how preferences mediated the relationship between after-hours documentation time and burnout. Our primary outcome was physician-reported burnout. We measured preferences for after-hours documentation work via a novel survey instrument (Burden Scenarios Assessment). We measured after-hours documentation time in the EHR as the total active time respondents spent documenting between 7 pm and 3 am. Results Physician preferences varied, with completing clinical documentation after clinic hours while at home the scenario rated most burdensome (52.8% of physicians), followed by dealing with prior authorization (49.5% of physicians). In mediation analyses, preferences partially mediated the relationship between after-hours documentation time and burnout. Discussion Physician preferences regarding EHR-based work play an important role in the relationship between after-hours documentation time and burnout. Conclusion Studies of EHR work and burnout should incorporate preferences, and operational leaders should assess preferences to better target interventions aimed at EHR-based contributors to burnout. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Generative artificial intelligence (AI) technologies have the potential to revolutionise healthcare delivery but require classification and monitoring of patient safety risks. To address this need, we developed and evaluated a preliminary classification system for categorising generative AI patient safety errors. Our classification system is organised around two AI system stages (input and output) with specific error types by stage. We applied our classification system to two generative AI applications to assess its effectiveness in categorising safety issues: patient-facing conversational large language models (LLMs) and an ambient digital scribe (ADS) system for clinical documentation. In the LLM analysis, we identified 45 errors across 27 patient medical queries, with omission being the most common (42% of errors). Of the identified errors, 50% were categorised as low clinical significance, 25% as moderate clinical significance and 25% as high clinical significance. Similarly, in the ADS simulation, we identified 66 errors across 11 patient visits, with omission being the most common (83% of errors). Of the identified errors, 55% were categorised as low clinical significance and 45% were categorised as moderate clinical significance. These findings demonstrate the classification system's utility in categorising output errors from two different AI healthcare applications, providing a starting point for developing a robust process to better understand AI-enabled errors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims. Our objectives are to map the filamentary network around the Fornax-Eridanus complex and probe the influence of the local environment on galaxy morphology. Methods. We employed the novel machine-learning tool, named, 1-Dimensional, Recovery, Extraction, and Analysis of Manifolds (1-DREAM) to detect and model filaments around the Fornax cluster. We then used the morphology-density relation of galaxies to examine the variation in the galaxies' morphology with respect to their distance from the central axis of the detected filaments. Results. We detected 27 filaments that vary in length and galaxy-number density around the Fornax-Eridanus complex. We find that 81% of galaxies in our catalogue belong to filaments and 19% of galaxies are located outside filaments. The filaments around the Fornax-Eridanus complex showcase a variety of environments: some filaments encompass groups and clusters, while others are only inhabited by galaxies in pristine filamentary environments. In this context, we reveal a well-known structure, namely: the Fornax Wall, which passes through the Dorado group, Fornax cluster, and Eridanus supergroup. With regard to the morphology of galaxies, we find that early-type galaxies (ETGs) populate high-density filaments and high-density regions of the Fornax Wall. Furthermore, the fraction of the ETG-population decreases as the distance to the central axis of the filament increases. The fraction of late-type galaxies (LTGs; 8%) is lower than that of ETGs (12%) at 0.5 Mpc/h from the filament spine. Of the total galaxy population in filaments around the Fornax-Eridanus complex, ∼7% are ETGs and ∼24% are LTGs located in pristine environments of filaments, while ∼27% are ETGs and ∼42% are LTGs in groups and clusters within filaments. Among the galaxies in the filamentary network around the Fornax-Eridanus complex, 44% of them belong to the Fornax Wall. Conclusions. This study reveals the cosmic web around the Fornax cluster, which exhibits a variety of filamentary environments. With this, our research asserts that filamentary environments are heterogeneous in nature. When investigating the role of the environment on galaxy morphology, it is essential to consider both the local number-density and a galaxy's proximity to the filament spine (i.e. the filament core). Within this framework, we ascribe the observed morphological segregation in the Fornax Wall to the pre-processing of galaxies among groups embedded in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents a comprehensive analysis of the dynamics of Mpox viral transmission using a compartmental mathematical model. The model incorporates the impact of immunization, isolation, and hospitalization on disease management, as well as the interaction between humans and rodents. Through numerical simulations, the study highlights the effectiveness of isolation in mitigating disease transmission and emphasizes the significance of mathematical modeling and simulation techniques in understanding disease dynamics. The utilization of Caputo's fractional differential equation in the human dynamical model is shown to be effective in regulating disease in all compartments. Sensitivity analysis is conducted to identify the most influential parameters in virus transmission. The findings contribute valuable insights for public health strategies and provide a foundation for further research in disease control and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An additional tool for swaying public opinion on social media is to present recent developments in the creation of natural language. The term "Deep fake" originates from deep learning technology, which effortlessly and seamlessly steers someone toward digital media. Artificial Intelligence (AI) techniques are a crucial component of deep fakes. The generative powers of generative capabilities greatly reinforce the advancements in language modeling for content generation. Due to low-cost computing infrastructure, sophisticated tools, and readily available content on social media, deep fakes propagate misinformation and hoaxes. These technologies make it simple to produce misinformation that spreads fear and confusion to everyone. As such, distinguishing between authentic and fraudulent content can be challenging. This study presents a novel automated approach for the identification of deep fakes, based on Adaptive Gaining Sharing Knowledge (AGSK) and using DenseNet121 architecture. During pre-processing, the image's sensitive data variance or noise is eliminated. Following that, CapsuleNet is used to extract the feature vectors. The deep fake is identified from the resulting feature vectors by an AGSK with DenseNet121 architecture, together with the hyper-parameter that has been optimized using the AGSK model. Propaganda and defamation pose less of a concern, and the results of the suggested deepfake image recognition model show how reliable and successful the model is. The accuracy of detection is 98% higher than other cutting-edge models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates a novel class of electrode materials known as mixed transition-metal oxides (MMOs) for their improved electrochemical capabilities. Specifically, a one-pot hydrothermal method is employed to successfully synthesize binary mixed-metal oxides comprising manganese oxide and copper oxide (Mn2O3/CuO). The interest in MMOs lies in their potential to enhance multifunctional performance compared to single metal oxides, prompting a comprehensive examination of their structure and properties. Various analytical techniques are utilized to investigate the crystal structures, functional groups and surface morphology of the single and binary MMOs. Moreover, electrochemical experiments are conducted to assess their electrochemical behaviour. The results reveal that the Mn2O3 and CuO MMOs' electrodes exhibit pseudocapacitor-like characteristics, outperforming single metal oxides in terms of specific capacitance. At a current density of 1 A g−1, the Mn2O3/CuO MMOs electrodes achieve a specific capacitance of 342.85 F g−1. Notably, the symmetric device demonstrates excellent retentivity (89.97%) even after 5000 repeated cycles, showcasing its exceptional supercapacitive attributes for maximum energy storage capability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Biden 2023 Artificial Intelligence (AI) Executive Order calls for the creation of a patient safety program. Patient safety reports are a natural starting point for identifying issues. We examined the feasibility of this approach by analyzing reports associated with AI/Machine Learning (ML)-enabled medical devices. Of the 429 reports reviewed, 108 (25.2%) were potentially AI/ML related, with 148 (34.5%) containing insufficient information to determine an AI/ML contribution. A more comprehensive approach is needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elicitation of antibody and cell-mediated immune responses are crucial for successful vaccine development against tuberculosis (TB). Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) antigens CFP10 and ESAT6, potent and proven vaccine candidates require appropriate adjuvants to trigger better immune response. Virus-like particles carrying repetitive copies of foreign antigens can induce both T and B cell-mediated immunity required for conferring protection against intracellular pathogens. In this study, we developed hybrid potyvirus-like particles (PVLPs) displaying mycobacterial antigens on their surface by translationally fusing the coat protein (CP) gene derived from Johnson grass mosaic virus with CFP 10 or/and ESAT 6 gene(s). The recombinant plasmids carrying fusion constructs were transformed into Escherichia coli, the fusion proteins, viz. ESAT6-CP, CP-CFP10 and ESAT6-CP-CFP10, were expressed and purified using Ni-NTA2+ affinity chromatography under denaturing conditions. The chimeric CP fusion proteins were self-assembled in vitro into PVLPs by the gradual removal of denaturing conditions. The purified hybrid PVLPs carrying Mtb antigens when injected into mice showed enhanced immunogenicity for both ESAT6 and CFP10 antigens compared to the same antigens immunized without any adjuvant. In vitro stimulation of splenocytes derived from mice immunized with chimeric PVLPs upregulates the expression of cytokines involved in TB immune response. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Within the domain of complex systems, inherent uncertainties, and ambiguities that traditional models frequently find difficult to handle pose a constant challenge to decision-making. To dramatically improve decision-making frameworks, this study presents a novel methodology called "ODESMAN," which synergistically integrates fuzzy logic with neutrosophic sets. Neutrosophic sets, on the other hand, allow one to express the degrees of truth, untruth, and indeterminacy as shifts rather than fixed points. Therefore, their use is more elegant than the existing methods offered. The implementation of fuzzy logic into such sets may provide a high level of effectiveness in managing uncertainty, which can be predicted and quantified. For example, the model allows accounting for uncertainty in the system inputs and processes up to 20%, the variability of truth values 10-50%, and the overall uncertainty 15-30%. The application of the model in practice, specifically in the emergency response, and the supply chain system permitted achieving a 40% increase in flexibility capacity and a 25% improvement in decision-making approaches compared to the traditional frameworks. Therefore, the practical strength and broad utility of the model can be proved, which validates its efficiency and allows broad implementation of this complex theoretical framework into the existing systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) are primary skin commensals that have long been considered contaminants even when grown in blood cultures. This group of organisms has been recently recognized as a potential causative pathogen of septicemia. This increase has been attributed to the increased use of intravascular and prosthetic devices. Hence, we aimed to estimate the prevalence of CoNS as a true pathogen in adult and pediatric blood cultures along with their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. A total of 1076 adult and 611 pediatric blood cultures were subjected to an automated BacT/ALERT continuous monitoring system. Isolated CoNS were considered true pathogens if they met the diagnostic, clinical, and laboratory criteria. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing for pathogenic CoNS was carried out using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method and interpreted as per CLSI 2021. CoNS were considered true pathogens in 23 (42.5%) of 54 adults and 12 (41.3%) of 29 pediatric CoNS isolated from blood cultures. Methicillin-resistant CoNS was detected in 66% and 70% of adult and pediatric cultures, respectively. All the CoNS isolates were sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. Coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS) can either be a contaminant or a true pathogen, whose discrimination based on clinical and laboratory indices plays a pivotal role in the management of patients with sepsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Squalene (SQ) has been documented in the past for its ability to reduce inflammation, but its mechanism needs more information. In this study, we investigated squalene as an anti-inflammatory drug candidate and the framework involved in treating inflammation (INF) using the network pharmacology concept. The molecular targets of SQ and INF that are available in databases and the overlaps between these targets were demonstrated using InteractiVenn. The protein-protein networks were generated that in turn revealed several key targets and were further processed with Cytoscape. The gene ontology enrichment and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes pathway (KEGG) studies were performed. We also performed molecular docking tests that validated the binding affinity of molecular targets and drugs. A total of 100 SQ targets and 11,417 INF-related targets yielded 93 overlapping targets. Seven core targets, CRHR1, EGFR, ERBB2, HIF1A, SLC6A3, MAP2K1, and F2R were found to be relevant with respective to SQ’s anti-inflammatory activity. The underlying mechanism of SQ with regard to INF was interpreted by analyzing various enrichment analyses along with the KEGG pathway. In conclusion, SQ played a vital role in the management of INF by regulating CRHR1, EGFR, ERBB2, HIF1A, SLC6A3, MAP2K1, and F2R. The research outcomes are crucial as they offer significant insights into the use of SQ for combating inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: We present a case of a 59-year-old male with an actively bleeding aortoenteric fistula (AEF) that was temporized using an endovascular stent prior to staged open reconstruction. Methods: Verbal informed consent was given by the patient's family for publication of this case report. The patient presented with pulseless electrical activity secondary to hemorrhagic shock due to a massive gastrointestinal bleed. His past surgical history included an aortobifemoral bypass (ABFB) that subsequently underwent extra-anatomic reconstruction with right axillofemoral artery bypass for right femoral infected pseudoaneurysm. Two months prior to presentation, he underwent a second revision with in-situ reconstruction for left limb graft infection. CTA now demonstrated actively bleeding AEF. He was emergently treated with endovascular stenting. Once stabilized, a two-stage revision with extra-anatomic bypass and aortic stump closure for management of his AEF was performed. Result: The patient was adequately stabilized using endovascular techniques followed by two-stage revision but unfortunately expired secondary to septic shock 20 days postoperatively. Conclusion: This case highlights the utility of endovascular stent graft to successfully obtain hemodynamic stability and optimization prior to open repair of AEFs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent days, supercapacitors are emerging as an energy storage device. On account of it, this research work is based on NiMn2O4 incorporated on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) acts as an electrode for material for advanced supercapacitor application. One-pot hydrothermal technique was adopted to synthesise rNiMn2O4 nanocomposite with different ratios such as rNiMn2O4-10 and rNiMn2O4-20. The crystalline structure and morphology of the nanocomposites have been demonstrated by X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) analysis. From Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) investigation, it is more precise that rNiMn2O4-20 possesses a large surface area of 328.9 m2g−1 with mesoporous structure among all other nanocomposites. Further, the electrochemical measurements were probed in three electrode system such as Cyclic Voltammetry (CV), Galvanometric Charge–Discharge (GCD) and Electrochemical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS). The synergistic effect from the as-synthesized nanocomposites withholds an outstanding electrochemical performance ascribing the impact of rGO present in it. Considering from GCD profile, rNiMn2O4-20 achieves a remarkable specific capacitance of 1284.8 Fg−1 at a current density of 1 Ag−1 in 1 M Na2SO4 electrolyte solution with a long term stability of 91.6% even after 5000 cycles at 3 Ag−1. In consideration of all the above results, the as-synthesized nanocomposites has an outstanding electrochemical performance which leads to a new generation energy storage device in supercapacitor application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the coal and mineral beneficiation industries, screening is one of the crucial physical separation methods carried out to separate the undersized fine particles from the oversize coarse particles. The vibratory screener is a relatively advanced screening technology applied for coal and iron ore beneficiation. This paper deals with the experimental investigation for assessing the efficiency of screening coal and iron ore in the vibratory screener. Furthermore, a comparative study between the test performance of screening coal and iron ore was carried out depending on moisture and density variation. Test results show that the vibratory screener can provide a high recovery of fines and increased efficiency for screening iron ore than coal material. The maximum efficiency of iron ore was attained at a higher angular position, such as 3 and 5 degrees in an upward slope, whereas the maximum efficiency of coal was attained at 1 degree in an upward slope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tetracycline (TC), a popular antibiotic for treating bacterial diseases in living things, poses a serious threat to the aquatic environment. Even though several standard techniques to remove TC antibiotics from water solutions have been tried, they have not been successful. Therefore, a catalyst works in photocatalytic degradation to use light energy to speed up the breakdown of a chemical molecule. The hydrothermally synthesized ZnFe2O4/MWCNTs composite nanocatalyst was characterized. The study found that MWCNTs could be successfully incorporated into ZnFe2O4 nanoparticles, which slowed down the rate at which charge carriers recombined after merging with MWCNTs. In a batch reactor, the catalyst’s effectiveness was then evaluated by looking at the weight ratio change of the nanocomposite, the initial concentration of TC antibiotics, the impacts of pH and the contact time. When investigating the TC degradation using ZnFe2O4 and MWCNTs as separate pure materials, the same operational conditions were used. ZnFe2O4/MWCNTs achieved a degradation efficiency of 98.3% for TC at a pH value of 7. This result was attained after a reaction duration of 120 min, TC solution concentration of 50 mg/L, nanocomposite dose of 0.6 g/L of TZ 04 and power density of 120 W/m2. The degradation rate of TC was determined utilizing the pseudo-first-order approach. It was observed that the photocatalysts retained their initial characteristics through four successive applications, exhibiting only a slight decrease in removal efficiency while maintaining an optimal balance of catalyst, TC concentration and pH. The study’s findings showed that the ZnFe2O4/MWCNTs nanocomposite was highly effective in TC degradation. It has the potential to work effectively as a catalyst for the removal and degradation of pharmaceutical waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethical considerations are the chief concerns in medical research. Present study assesses the knowledge, awareness and attitude of research ethics among medical faculty in a government teaching hospital in India. A self-administered pre-tested structured and validated questionnaire based on ICMR ethical guidelines was made available to all consenting participants. A total of 30 faculty members were enrolled in the survey Descriptive statistics were applied for data analysis. Faculty was aware of the guidelines, 83% participants having read the ICMR guidelines. Except for one, all faculty members were aware of an Institutional Ethical Committee (IEC). 73.3% had the opportunity of being a part of research projects. 96.6% of participants responded correctly to questions on Informed consent, 60% to question on research involving children, while 96% responded correctly to questions on 'Confidentiality'. Less than 60% are aware about the details of IEC. 57% had knowledge of functions and roles of a research ethics committee. 42% were aware of the composition of IEC. Only 39% were familiar with proposal submission and review process by the IEC. Regarding the attitudes of faculty about research ethics all participants agreed that there is a need for an IEC in each institution and the members constituting the IEC should receive training in bioethics. All participants were of the view that research ethics should be taught mandatorily in medical curricula. 100% believed that all investigators should also have necessary training in research ethics. The attitude of all faculty members was favourable towards research ethics. All faculty felt the need for further education on research ethics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the ternary nanocomposite of ZnO/TiO2/rGO (ZTG) was synthesized via hydrothermal technique. The X-ray diffraction (XRD) and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results substantiated the formation of ternary composites. From field emission-scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) and high resolution-transmission electron microscope (HR-TEM) analysis, it was noticed that rGO sheets were wrapped tightly on the edges of both ZnO and TiO2 nanoparticles, which offers high active sites during the electrochemical performances. Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) technique revealed, ZTG-2 obtained a larger surface area of 148.73 m2 g−1. Based on the electrochemical performances, the active electrode ZTG-2 nanocomposite exhibited a higher specific capacitance of 1278 F g−1 at a current density of 1 A g−1. Further, the sample showed an excellent cyclic retention of 90% even after successive 5000 cycles. Additionally, Asymmetric supercapacitor showed a maximum specific capacitance of 360 F g−1 at 1 A g−1 and revealed an energy density of 115.2 Wh kg−1 at a power density of 0.49 W kg−1 respectively. This article signifies the tactical emergence of ZTG-2 as a promising electrode material for supercapacitor application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Authors report the application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the plant tissue culture system for effective and reproducible in vitro propagation of Gaillardia pulchella cv. 'Torch Yellow' for the year-round production of quality planting materials for the first time. Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium augmented with 1.0 mg L−1 of 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) resulted in the highest percentage of bud break response (98.0%). After bud break, explants were sub-cultured to MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L−1 BAP and 0.25 mg L−1 indole-3 acetic acid (IAA) for multiplication. The shoots were further proliferated using AgNPs with the optimized growth regulators and observed that the addition of 4.0 mg L−1 biogenic AgNPs into the culture medium had a positive impact on shoot proliferation (16.0 shoots with an average length of 5.0 cm), shoot biomass (7.0 g fresh and 2.4 g dry weights) as compared with the control experiments (11.0 shoots with 4.1 cm length; 4.4 g fresh and 1.0 g dry weights). The shoots developed on AgNPs incorporated media treatments were morphologically healthy, sturdy, and greener in color. Shoots in control experiments, lacking AgNPs were hyperhydric in nature and chlorotic. Silver nanoparticles significantly enhanced chlorophylls and carbohydrate contents and reduced carotenoids in the leaves developed in vitro. Micro-morphological developments were positively correlated with the presence of AgNPs and played important role in root induction and acclimatization of in vitro propagated plantlets. The consistent improvements in the organization of stomatal complexes and trichomes development in the presence of AgNPs suggested the progress in the integrated defense mechanism towards abiotic stress tolerance while the cultures were growing in the laboratory, which could help the plantlets to survive during acclimatization and post-acclimatization period under the greenhouse and field conditions. Key message: The use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in the culture medium enabled effective plantlets proliferation with improved macro- and micro-morphology and biochemical profile in a horticulturally important plant Gaillardia pulchella cv. 'Torch Yellow'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Desmostachya bipinnata (Dharbe grass) has been used as a sacred plant in many of the rituals in India. A composite was prepared using hand layup using Desmostachya bipinnata particle with mesh size of 600microns. The specimens were evaluated for tensile, electromagnetic shielding effectiveness. The specimens were also investigated using scanning electron microscope. It is observed that the composite yielded better results in terms of tensile strength, but the results obtained for electromagnetic shielding effectiveness were not encouraging. The insufficient electromagnetic shielding effectiveness might be attributed to the size, shape, or distribution of the Desmostachya bipinnata particles within the composite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]