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Background: Fistula in ano has been a troublesome pathology to both patients and surgeons throughout surgical history. Several techniques have been described for the management of fistula-in-ano but all carry their own risks of recurrence and incontinence. To overcome this problem, a novel technique called distal laser and proximal ligation (DLPL) was developed using a newly invented radial emitting laser probe. This study is aimed to see the outcome in terms of recurrence and incontinence of newly described technique. Materials and methods: This prospective study was conducted in a single private institute in The Dhaka city between January 2018 and July 2019. All patients with fistula in ano of cryptoglandular origin are included in this study and evaluated in outpatient department. Fistulogram done beforehand only those with recurrent fistula tract. Patients having fistula with chron’s disease, abscess cavity, side tract or malignancy were excluded from this study. A total of fifty two (52) male patients were selected. All patients were followed up and results were evaluated. Results: The median age of the patients was 46 years (range 22-60 years), 39 patients were primary fistula, 9 patients were recurrent fistula with history of previous fistula surgery and 4 patients were bilateral anal fistula. All patients underwent DLPL (distal laser proximal ligation) operation by radial emitting Laser probe. The mean follow up was 11 months (range 6-24 months). Forty three out of 52 fistulas showed primary healing (82.6 %) without any problem of anal incontinence. Only 6 patients developed recurrent fistula (11.53%) within 3 months of Surgery. Conclusion: The use of a diode laser source and a radial emitting laser probe in addition to conventional surgery in treating different types of anal fistula for selected group of patients is a very promising new technique in sphincterpreserving anal fistula repair. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explains a full design and implementation process of a feasible solar car as an effective alternative to the gasoline powered car. A solar car is independent of fossil fuels, and would entirely eliminate emissions. Comparing to the previous manufactured solar cars which were characterized by expensive, one seat driver and unfeasible, the presented solution in this study develops a commercially feasible version of a solar car. The structure's mass and passengers' mass are considered to calculate the required electrical power for the car to be able to reach the target speed at 100 km/h. A three photovoltaic panels of 320 W are parallel connected as a photovoltaic array to charge a lithium ion battery bank of 48 V and 200 Ah during the day hours. The testing of the implemented car guarantees the successful and flexible design and promises an effective commercial prototype of solar car. The presented work is done in the American University of Ras Al Khaimah. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Congenital heart diseases (CHD) are associated with an increased risk for the development of pulmonary vascular disease. Severe and irreversible pulmonary hypertension may then ensue and, eventually, leads to reversal of the shunt. Oral sildenafil is used for preoperative and postoperative treatment of pulmonary hypertension. Methods: A total of 30 patients, who underwent surgical closure of congenital anomaly i.e. ASD and VSD with High Pulmonary Pressure were included in the study. Patients were initially selected by echocardiogram showing pulmonary arterial systolic pressure (PASP) more than 40 mm of Hg. The Group A (sildenafil group) consisted of 15 patients and had received sildenafil during and after operation was given to these patients initially through nasogastric tube and later via the oral route 6 hourly for 44 hours. Results: Reduction in the PA pressure in sildenafil group was found statistically significant (p=.044). ICU stay and total hospital stay were shorter in the intervention group than the control but not statistically significant possibly due to smaller sample size. Conclusion: We conclude that oral sildenafil treatment is a safe, simple and effective alternate for persistent pulmonary hypertension early after congenital cardiac surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Soil transmitted helminths (STH) infect >1.5 billion people. Mass drug administration (MDA) effectively reduces infection; however, there is evidence for rapid reinfection and risk of potential drug resistance. We conducted a randomized controlled trial in Bangladesh (WASH Benefits, NCT01590095) to assess whether water, sanitation, hygiene and nutrition interventions, alone and combined, reduce STH in a setting with ongoing MDA. Methodology/Principal findings: In 2012–2013, we randomized 720 clusters of 5551 pregnant women into water treatment, sanitation, handwashing, combined water+sanitation+handwashing (WSH), nutrition, nutrition+WSH (N+WSH) or control arms. In 2015–2016, we enrolled 7795 children, aged 2–12 years, of 4102 available women for STH follow-up and collected stool from 7187. We enumerated STH infections with Kato-Katz. We estimated intention-to-treat intervention effects on infection prevalence and intensity. Participants and field staff were not blinded; laboratory technicians and data analysts were blinded. Prevalence among controls was 36.8% for A. lumbricoides, 9.2% for hookworm and 7.5% for T. trichiura. Most infections were low-intensity. Compared to controls, the water intervention reduced hookworm by 31% (prevalence ratio [PR] = 0.69 (0.50,0.95), prevalence difference [PD] = -2.83 (-5.16,-0.50)) but did not affect other STH. Sanitation improvements reduced T. trichiura by 29% (PR = 0.71 (0.52,0.98), PD = -2.17 (-4.03,-0.38)), had a similar borderline effect on hookworm and no effect on A. lumbricoides. Handwashing and nutrition interventions did not reduce any STH. WSH and N+WSH reduced hookworm prevalence by 29–33% (WSH: PR = 0.71 (0.52,0.99), PD = -2.63 (-4.95,-0.31); N+WSH: PR = 0.67 (0.50,0.91), PD = -3.00 (-5.14,-0.85)) and marginally reduced A. lumbricoides. Effects on infection intensity were similar. Conclusions/Significance: In a low-intensity infection setting with MDA, we found modest but sustained hookworm reduction from water treatment and combined WSH interventions. Impacts were more pronounced on STH species with short vs. long-term environmental survival. Our findings suggest possible waterborne transmission for hookworm. Water treatment and sanitation improvements can augment MDA to interrupt STH transmission. Trial registration: . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the endeavour of conquering the world's consumers, multinational companies face enormous risks. Such risks may arise from different political, economic, and financial factors. These factors are commonly referred to country risk as a whole. Focusing Bangladesh in this regard, objective of this study is to find out the level of country risk in terms of political, economic, and financial riskiness. Analysis of country risk has been done using an internationally recognised methodology named International Country Risk Guide (ICRG). For political risk analysis, primary data has been collected from 20 journalists, bureaucrats and policy makers, business persons, corporate professionals, and academicians with a structured closed-ended questionnaire. Results indicate that Bangladesh is in high risk position in terms of political risk, low risk position in terms of economic risk and very low risk position in terms of financial risk. Compositely, Bangladesh has been found to be a moderately risky country for investment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tospoviruses are phytopathogens responsible for significant worldwide crop losses. Tospoviruses are emerging threats of tomato production in globally. The present study was undertaken to identify tospoviruses and their interaction with vector population in Bangladesh which help to develop a durable integrated control package. Among the member of tospoviruses infecting tomato Groundnut bud necrosis virus (GBNV) has been identified based on DAC-ELISA and PCR from Godagari, Rajshahi District with the percent disease incidence 55 to 80%. We tentatively identified Thrips palmi as a vector of GBNV in Bangladesh. Thirteen varieties of tomato has been tested against GBNV and revealed that most the tomato varieties are susceptible against GBNV. The percent disease incidence has been observed 20 to 100 % among the tested BARI released tomato varieties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which examines the acceptance of a videoconferencing system used by the Bangladesh Institute of Research and Rehabilitation. The study reveals that 58% of respondents thought that telemedicine saved costs in terms of cost savings. However, 54% of respondents felt that the time between the consultation and requesting the appointment was too long.