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Maize is one of the most important crops in Romania. In the mountainous and sub-mountainous areas there has been a great variety of local landraces, which have been replaced over time by maize hybrids. The local maize landraces preserved in the Suceava Genebank are the result of collecting from all country areas, both through the care of RICTP Fundulea and the Agricultural Research Stations: Suceava, Turda, Simnic, Lovrin, Albota, Podu Iloaiei and Geoagiu (1957-1975), as well as of the collecting laboratory within Suceava Genebank (1990-2021). The paper presents the results of the characterization of 1358 local maize landraces obtained within 30 years. Morpho-physiological observations, biochemical and genetic analyzes were performed, both at Suceava Genebank and at the other research institutions. The characterization of local landraces has led to the identification of gene sources useful for maize breeding of the important characteristics (yield capacity, precocity and quality, resistance to low temperatures and to Fusarium infection). A significant number of populations have shown good agronomic stability, and can be considered potential sources of genes for improving the tolerance of maize to biotic and abiotic stress factors and the quality of new created hybrids, which in addition to high yield capacity to have a high protein content, to be resistant to low temperatures and to Fusarium infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the phenotypic variability of Vicia faba germplasm by using varietal diversity in identifying genotypes with morpho-productive traits, disease and pest resistance, weed infestation, which can be used as a model in the development of genetic mixtures in integrated management practices for environmentally friendly, diseases, pests and weeds. Productivity, disease and pest descriptors at 50 Vicia faba genotypes of different biological status (10 obsolete cultivars, 30 local populations, 10 inbreed lines), were determined, by testing in intercropping experiments with small grain cereals and mono-cropping, in two different climatic years under the northeastern part of Romania conditions. The statistical estimators resulting from the unidirectional Anova analysis determined in mono-cropping and intercropping systems a hierarchy of heterogeneity of local populations for productivity traits and degree of attack of faba bean weevil (Bruchus rufimanus) and ascochyta blight (Ascochyta fabae) on seeds, for incidence of micromycete Uromyces viciae fabae and of aphids Aphys fabae in intercropping system. There was a weak competition of Vicia faba species, regarding the presence of weeds compared to small grains cereals variants and potentially beneficial for nitrogen symbiotic fixation by increasing oat productivity, in two years of intercropping with faba bean. By using Euclidean distance and Pearson correlation, in classification of genotypes and morpho-productive traits, diseases and pest in clusters from dendograms, similarities were highlighted between productivity and its components and between attacks to diseases and pests and dissimilarities between genotypes, members cluster three with phenotypic variability with maximum values of productivity traits and minimum attacks to disease and pest resistance compared to the other two clusters with possibilities for use in the development of genetic mixtures programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purposes of the study were to establish the influence of the conservation period on the activity of micromycetes placed on stored seeds and to settle the influence of the substrate type - CGA medium (potato - dextrose - agar) and blotting paper - on the development of fungal pathogens. This study consisted in a phytopathological evaluation of epiphyte and endophyte mycological flora which appeared on Zea mays seeds placed on two types of substrates (CGA medium and blotting paper). The 30 populations of corn resulted from the active collection of Suceava Genebank and conserved for different time intervals (8 and 17 years), in controlled atmosphere storages (T=+4°C; relative air humidity = 30 - 40%). Seeds studied, placed on CGA medium and blotting paper substrate, after incubation, showed a different degree of infection by fungal pathogens, depending on the type of substrate and the age of seeds. Micromycetes were evaluated by counting the infected seeds and the attack frequency was expressed as a percentage, by visual estimation of seeds surface. The conservation period influenced fungal pathogens longevity, meaning that the more it's higher, the level of infection is reduced. On CGA medium, compared with blotting paper substrate, after incubation period, was isolated a greater diversity of fungal pathogens. The experimental results of this study answered the following objectives: - identification of fungal microorganisms according to storage period of seeds; - identification of fungal genera depending on the type of substrate used; - setting of correlations between micromycetes identified evolution, seed storage periods and the type of substrate used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study consisted in a phytopathological evaluation of epiphyte and endophyte mycological flora which appeared on Triticum aestivum seeds placed on two types of substrates (CGA medium and blotting paper). The 30 populations of wheat resulted from the active collection of Suceava Genebank and conserved for different time intervals (8, 15 and 18 years), in controlled atmosphere storages (T=+40 C; relative air humidity = 30 - 40%). Micromycetes were evaluated by counting the infected seeds and the attack frequency was expressed as a percentage, by visual estimation of seeds surface. The target objectives of the study are to establish the influence of the conservation period on the activity of micromycetes placed on stored seeds and to settle the influence of the substrate type - CGA medium (potato - dextrose - agar) and blotting paper - on the development of fungal pathogens. Seeds studied, placed on CGA medium and blotting paper substrate, after incubation, showed a different degree of infection by fungal pathogens, depending on the type of substrate and the age of seeds. The conservation period influenced fungal pathogens longevity, meaning that the more it's higher, the level of infection is reduced. On CGA medium, in comparison with blotting paper substrate, after incubation period, was isolated a greater diversity of fungal pathogens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]