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Background: Urinary tract infection (UTI) has now become the most common infectious disease, mostly in developing regions, indicating healthcare and economic constraints. Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a condition in which microorganisms use varied resistance mechanisms, including horizontal gene transfer (for example, plasmids and bacteriophages), genetic recombination, and mutations. Methods: This study is a retrospective cross-sectional study that was conducted at Mitford Hospital and Dhaka Medical College Hospital. The study was conducted from January 2021 to January 2022. The total sample size for this study was 500. Result: The proportion of uropathogenic species of isolates (from total UTI patients; 250) showed E. coli 94(37.6%) and followed by K. pneumoniae 28(11.2%), CONS 11(4.4%), S.aureus 23(9.2%), Proteus spp. 4(1.6%), Citrobacter Spp. 18(7.2%), Salmonella Spp. 1(0.4%), GNR 27(10.8%), Enterobacter Spp. 9(3.6%), Streptococcus spp. 6(2.4%), Klebsiella Spp. 8(3.2%), Pseudomonas Spp. 1(0.4%), Providencia spp. 1(0.4%), K.ozaenae 10(4%), Shigella Spp. 2(0.8%), Enterococcus Spp. 5(2%), Serratia spp. 1(0.4%) and M.morgani 1(0.4%). Gram-positive isolates presented a high resistance to tetracycline 14(93.3%) and penicillin 13(86.7%). Antimicrobial agents most effective against Gram-positive uropathogens were vancomycin and nitrofurantoin. Staphylococcus aureus was the most common isolate of Gram-positive isolates. It was highly resistant to tetracycline 32(100%) and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole 26(81.3%). In addition, 9(28.1%) of S. aureus were resistant to cefoxitin. Conclusion: UTI is the most spreading bacterial infection globally. The increase in antimicrobial resistance is associated with UTI, which is a serious threat and has become a global health emergency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

AIMS: To prospectively determine the change in prevalence of microalbuminuria in relation to changes in glycaemic control in children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes between 1986 and 1996. DESIGN: Prospective observational study of an inception cohort. SETTING: The geographically defined region of Oxfordshire, UK. PATIENTS: 527 children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes under 16 years of age, were divided into three groups based on year of diagnosis of diabetes: group A (1986–1989, n = 165), group B (1990–1993, n = 179) and group C (1994–1996, n = 183). Each group was followed prospectively for 10 years. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Cumulative prevalence of microalbuminuria. RESULTS: After 4052 patient years of follow-up, in groups C versus B versus A, the cumulative prevalence of microalbuminuria was 31.7% (95% CI 20.9 to 42.5), 24.8% (17.8 to 31.8) and 23.2% (15.4 to 30.0) (log rank p = 0.22), and risk for development of microalbuminuria was not associated with year of onset of diabetes (hazard ratio 1.05 (0.99 to 1.12), p = 0.11). In groups C versus B versus A, glycaemic control improved after 10 years of diabetes (mean HbA1c 8.9% (1.5%) vs 9.4% (1.5%) vs 10.1% (1.7%), p value for ANOVA <0.001) and more children achieved an HbA1c level <7.5% (15.6% vs 5.9% vs 6.1%, p value for ANOVA = 0.032). CONCLUSION: In this UK based inception cohort of children diagnosed with type 1 diabetes, the adjusted prevalence of microalbuminuria was unchanged since 1986, despite some improvements in glycaemic control. This observation highlights the need for more proactive intervention with drugs such as angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fourth science run of the LIGO and GEO 600 gravitational-wave detectors, carried out in early 2005, collected data with significantly lower noise than previous science runs. We report on a search for short-duration gravitational-wave bursts with arbitrary waveform in the 64-1600 Hz frequency range appearing in all three LIGO interferometers. Signal consistency tests, data quality cuts and auxiliary-channel vetoes are applied to reduce the rate of spurious triggers. No gravitational-wave signals are detected in 15.5 days of live observation time; we set a frequentist upper limit of 0.15 day[?]1 (at 90% confidence level) on the rate of bursts with large enough amplitudes to be detected reliably. The amplitude sensitivity of the search, characterized using Monte Carlo simulations, is several times better than that of previous searches. We also provide rough estimates of the distances at which representative supernova and binary black hole merger signals could be detected with 50% efficiency by this analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Anodic oxidation of Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd and Sn metals in an anhydrous acetone solution of poly(azomethinethiosemicarbazone) (PATS) yields the PATS–metal complexes. Chemical and thermal analyses as well as FTIR and electronic spectral data are presented to confirm the formulation of the isolated materials. The spectral data show that the ligand polymer is coordinated to the metal ions via the thiol sulfur atom and the nitrogen of the azomethine group. Thermogravimetric measurements (TGA) and differential thermal analyses (DTA) were used to obtain the energy of decomposition of PATS and its metal polymer complexes. The DC electrical conductivity measurements of PATS and the polymer complexes as annealed and 5% iodine doped forms were measured in the range 300–500 K. The products gave electrical conductivities in the semi-conducting region that increased with temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The post-genomic era of functional genomics and target validation will allow us to narrow the bridge between clinically correlative data and causative data for complex diseases, such as arthritis, for which the etiological agent remains elusive. The availability of human and other annotated genome sequences, and parallel developments of new technologies that allow analysis of minute amounts of human and animal cells (peripheral blood cells and infiltrating cells) and tissues (synovium and cartilage) under different pathophysiological conditions, has facilitated high-throughput gene mining approaches that can generate vast amounts of clinically correlative data. Characterizing some of the correlative/causative genes will require reverting to the hypothesis-driven, low throughput method of complementary experimental biology using genomic approaches as a tool. This will include in silico gene expression arrays, genome-wide scans, comparative genomics using various animal models (such as rodents and zebrafish), bioinformatics and a team of well trained translational scientists and physicians. For the first time, the 'genomic tools' will allow us to analyze small amounts of surgical samples (such as needle biopsies) and clinical samples in the context of the whole genome. Preliminary genomic analysis in osteoarthritis has already resurrected the debate on the semantic issues in the definition of inflammation. Further analyses will not only facilitate the development of unbiased hypotheses at the molecular level, but also assist us in the identification and characterization of novel targets and disease markers for pharmacological intervention, gene therapy, and diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Broadband root-mean-square (rms) values and frequency spectra for pressure fluctuations in the supersonic boundary layer on a Mach 3 DeLaval nozzle sidewall and in the freestream are reported for both adiabatic and cooled surface conditions. The flat sidewall of the nozzle contained four sections independently cooled by liquid nitrogen. During the experiments, the flat sidewall was operated (1) adiabatically, (2) cooled in an approximately uniform manner to -40°C, and (3) cooled in a nonuniform manner. For all thermal boundary conditions on the sidewall, a dynamic pitot probe was traversed through the boundary layer and into the freestream to measure the broadband pressure fluctuations from 30 Hz to 100 kHz. The influence of sidewall cooling on the measured pressure fluctuations was dependent on the unit Reynolds number. Compared with the pressure fluctuations measured with an adiabatic sidewall, uniform cooling of the sidewall was found to reduce the rms pressure fluctuations in both the boundary layer and the freestream by approximately 50% at the highest stagnation pressures used (unit Reynolds numbers above 44,000/cm). Uniform cooling of the sidewall increased rms pressure fluctuations for lower stagnation pressures (unit Reynolds numbers below 44,000/cm). A reduction in the pressure fluctuation amplitude within the boundary layer resulted in a corresponding reduction in the pressure fluctuation amplitude in the test section freestream. Tests using a nonuniform temperature distribution on the sidewall indicated that cooling the portion of the sidewall covering the nozzle throat had the most influence on the pressure fluctuations in the boundary layer and in the freestream. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chimonanthus fragrans Lindle (Calycanthaceae) is an aromatic plant which little information has been reported so far on the composition of its essential oil. In this study the essential oil of flower of this plant was obtained by hydrodistillation and analyzed by GC and GC-MS. Forty nine components were identified corresponding to ca. 98.12 % of the total components of the essential oil with 0.12 % yield. The major components were elemol (20.06%), β-caryophyllene (9.51%), β-elemene (8.65%), bicyclogermacrene (8.15%), γ-elemene (7.2%), germacrene-D (5.65%), trans-β-ocimene (5.5%), sabinene (3.65%), linalool (2.6%), caryophyllene oxide (2.3%), and δ-cadinene (1.95%). Comparison of the data of this study with other data including recent report by HS-SPME-GC-MS showed quantitative and qualitative differences due to geographical, agricultural, and technical factors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

End stage heart failure is a major cause of death in the US. At present, organ transplant and left-ventricular assist devices remain the only viable treatments for these patients. Cardiac tissue engineering presents the possibility of a new option. Nanomaterials such as gold nanorods (AuNRs) and carbon nanotubes (CNTs) present unique properties that are beneficial for cardiac tissue engineering approaches. In particular, these nanomaterials can modulate electrical conductivity, hardness, and roughness of bulk materials to improve tissue functionality. Moreover, they can deliver bioactive cargo to affect cell phenotypes. This review covers recent advances in the use of nanomaterials for cardiac tissue engineering. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the results of the first joint search for gravitational-wave bursts by the LIGO and GEO 600 detectors. We search for bursts with characteristic central frequencies in the band 768-2048 Hz in the data acquired between 22 February and 23 March, 2005 (fourth LSC Science Run-S4). We discuss the inclusion of the GEO 600 data in the Waveburst-CorrPower pipeline that first searches for coincident excess power events without taking into account differences in the antenna responses or strain sensitivities of the various detectors. We compare the performance of this pipeline to that of the coherent Waveburst pipeline based on the maximum likelihood statistic. This likelihood statistic is derived from a coherent sum of the detector data streams that takes into account the antenna patterns and sensitivities of the different detectors in the network. We find that the coherent Waveburst pipeline is sensitive to signals of amplitude 30-50% smaller than the Waveburst-CorrPower pipeline. We perform a search for gravitational-wave bursts using both pipelines and find no detection candidates in the S4 data set when all four instruments were operating stably. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In gravitational-wave detection, special emphasis is put onto searches that focus on cosmic events detected by other types of astrophysical observatories. The astrophysical triggers, e.g. from g-ray and x-ray satellites, optical telescopes and neutrino observatories, provide a trigger time for analyzing gravitational-wave data coincident with the event. In certain cases the expected frequency range, source energetics, directional and progenitor information are also available. Beyond allowing the recognition of gravitational waveforms with amplitudes closer to the noise floor of the detector, these triggered searches should also lead to rich science results even before the onset of Advanced LIGO. In this paper we provide a broad review of LIGO's astrophysically triggered searches and the sources they target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]