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Copyright of Revista de Odontopediatría Latinoamericana is the property of Asociacion Latinoamericana de Odontopediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Razón Crítica is the property of La Fundacion Universidad de Bogota Jorge Tadeo Lozano and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Sociología is the property of Universidad de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To assess whether loss of energy and concentration difficulty are related to allergic rhinitis. Design: A cross-sectional study. Setting: Secondary care allergy outpatients. Participants: A total of 100 patients with allergic rhinitis and 96 healthy subjects. Main Outcome Measure: Loss of energy and concentration difficulty were assessed through a survey using the Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II). Results: The average BDI-II score was higher in the allergic rhinitis population than in the healthy controls (12.8 points vs 1.8 points, P <.0001), and the frequencies of loss of energy (69.0% vs 32.3%) and concentration difficulty (65.0% vs 34.4%) were higher in patients with allergic rhinitis (P <.0001). The prevalence of depression was 0% in the control group and 38% in the case group (P <.0001). Allergic rhinitis and depression were independently associated with loss of energy, odds ratio (OR) = 2.55, P =.005, and OR = 9.61, P =.001, respectively, and concentration difficulty (OR = 2.04, P =.033; OR = 6.19, P =.001, respectively). Conclusions: This study is one of the first studies in Latin America to report an independent association of allergic rhinitis with loss of energy and concentration difficulty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Neotropical Biodiversity is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Ocelots (Leopardus pardalis) and other wild cats are often surveyed using camera traps to identify individuals for density estimation via capture-recapture analyses or estimate occupancy via detection/non-detection analyses. Though attractants are sometimes used in such surveys, there have not been any evaluations of the effectiveness of common visual and olfactory attractants in field settings. As part of a medium and large mammal camera survey in the San Juan - La Selva Biological Corridor, Costa Rica, we integrated camera trap data within an occupancy modelling framework to estimate the effects of hanging compact disks (visual), cologne (olfactory), and sardines in oil (olfactory) on ocelot detection probabilities. Compact disks appeared to have the most information-theoretic model support, whereas cologne received less model support. The use of compact disks in surveys was also less time-consuming and less expensive than the olfactory attractants. Ocelots are visual hunters and using visual attractants can increase detection probabilities and therefore reduce uncertainty and/or reduce survey effort to obtain robust population or occupancy estimates, although using cologne might also have similar effects. Depending on logistic constraints, we recommend employing several attractants as the most appropriate way to survey ocelots and other rare felids in the future when detection biases are assumed to be strong, particularly as part of mammal community surveys. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Baird's tapir Tapirus bairdii is categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List and is considered rare and locally extirpated from most of its historic range in Costa Rica. We conducted camera-trap and track surveys at 38 forested sites in and around the San Juan–La Selva Biological Corridor in the Northern Zone of Costa Rica. Cameras were set along established game trails and natural funnels and operated for 14–38 days per site. Additionally, we documented tapir tracks at many sites. We used survey photographs and track presence to create detection histories to estimate the habitat and survey-specific variables that influence the probability of detection and the probability of occurrence of Baird's tapir. The two major protected areas within and adjacent to the corridor were most positively associated with tapir occurrence, and forest cover and native and exotic tree plantations were also positively associated with tapirs’ use of sites. Although the Baird's tapir is rare, our findings suggest that it is more resilient and better able to use available habitat in the fragmented corridor than previously thought. This is most likely a consequence of increased forest cover from reforestation and tree plantations and limited hunting pressure. Given its charismatic nature we recommend that Baird's tapir could be used as a flagship species for the San Juan–La Selva Biological Corridor, to raise local awareness about conservation and increase economic growth from ecotourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Roadside point counts are often used to estimate trends of bird populations. The use of aural counts of birds without adjustment for detection probability, however, can lead to incorrect population trend estimates. We compared precision of estimates of density and detectability of whistling northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) using distance sampling, independent double-observer, and removal methods from roadside surveys. Two observers independently recorded each whistling bird heard, distance from the observer, and time of first detection at 362 call-count stops in Ohio. We examined models that included covariates for year and observer effects for each method and distance from observer effects for the doubleobserver and removal methods using Akaike’s Information Criterion (AIC). The best model of detectability from distance sampling included observer and year effects. The best models from the removal and doubleobserver techniques included observer and distance effects. All 3 methods provided precise estimates of detection probability (CV ¼ 2.4–4.4%) with a range of detectability of 0.44–0.95 for a 6-min survey. Density estimates from double-observer surveys had the lowest coefficient of variation (2005 ¼ 3.2%, 2006 ¼ 1.7%), but the removalmethod also provided precise estimates of density (2005 CV ¼ 3.4%, 2006 CV ¼ 4.8%), and density estimates from distance sampling were less precise (2005 CV ¼ 9.6%, 2006 CV ¼ 7.9%). Assumptions of distance sampling were violated in our study because probability of detecting bobwhites near the observer was <1 or the roadside survey points were not randomly distributed with respect to the birds. Distances also were not consistently recorded by individual members of observer pairs. Although doubleobserver surveys provided more precise estimates, we recommend using the removal method to estimate detectability and abundance of bobwhites. The removal method provided precise estimates of density and detection probability and requires half the personnel time as double-observer surveys. Furthermore, the likelihood of meetingmodel assumptions is higher for the removal survey than with independent doubleobservers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Liver transplantation, which serves as treatment of familial amyloidotic polyneuropathy (FAP), and domino liver transplantation, which utilizes resected livers from patients with FAP for treatment of liver diseases, may induce changes in transthyretin (TTR), a pathogenic FAP-related protein. To evaluate this possibility, we performed a 70% hepatectomy or administered tacrolimus to Dark Agouti (DA) rats for 7 days and then measured changes in liver TTR mRNA levels and changes in serum TTR concentrations. After hepatectomy, TTR mRNA levels decreased by 77%; at day 3, they returned to preoperative levels. Except for slightly elevated serum TTR concentrations 12 h after operation, serum TTR levels remained unchanged. Thus, partial hepatectomy did not influence serum TTR concentrations. After tacrolimus administration, TTR mRNA declined by 56% 12 h after the experiment started; however, after day 3, a rebound phenomenon occurred until day 7. Tacrolimus may facilitate serum TTR degradation, although production of TTR in the liver also increased. This finding – that TTR, the source of FAP-inducing amyloid, did not increase after transplantation – may help post-transplantation treatment of patients who have FAP and other liver diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Correcting recession defects is one of the goals of periodontal therapy, and the efficacy and predictability of the various techniques are important considerations for both patients and clinicians. Several reports have examined the outcome of gingival recession treatment by means of coronally positioned flaps (CPF) and enamel matrix derivative (EMD). The purpose of this study was to clinically evaluate the use of EMD in association with CPF to cover localized gingival recessions compared to CPF alone. Methods: Twenty-two patients with Miller Class I or II gingival recessions >2 mm were included. One recession from each patient was treated in the study. Two treatments were randomly assigned: coronally positioned flap with EMD (test) and coronally positioned flap alone (control). Clinical parameters measured at baseline and 1, 6, and 12 months included gingival index, plaque index, probing depth, clinical attachment level, vertical and horizontal recession, and width of keratinized gingiva. Results: At 12 months, both treatment modalities showed significant root coverage, gain in clinical attachment, and gain in width of keratinized gingiva (P<0.05). Vertical recessions were reduced from 2.68 ± 1.63 mm to 0.36 ± 0.60 mm in the test group and from 2.31 ± 1.52 mm to 0.90 ± 0.95 mm in the control group. Horizontal recessions decreased from 4.27 ± 2.06 mm to 0.77 ± 0.87 mm in the test group and from 3.68 ± 1.91 mm to 1.72 ± 1.31 mm in the control group. Changes in keratinized gingiva went from 3.81 ± 1.95 mm to 4.63 ± 2.15 mm in the test group and from 3.31 ± 1.81 mm to 3.27 ± 1.80 mm in the control group. When both treatments were compared at 12 months, there was a significant difference in vertical tooth coverage and gain in keratinized gingiva in favor of the experimental group (P <0.05). The average percentage of root coverage for test and control groups was 88.6% and 62.2%, respectively. Conclusions: The coronally positioned flap alone or with EMD is an effective procedure to cover localized gingival recessions. The addition of EMD significantly improves the amount of root coverage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A dental caries survey of 2,445 Mexican children, 6 to 15 years of age, was conducted in an industrial city. The children were divided into three socioeconomic groups. The pattern of the caries attack rate conformed to all caries surveys. However, the DMFT and DMFS scores increased as the socioeconomic levels increased. The higher socioeconomic groups presented evidence of more dental care than the low group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]