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Carbon emissions and water consumption are both important factors affecting sustainable development. Therefore, it is necessary to put them in the same research framework and investigate the synergy. In this study, the dynamic evolution characteristics of the synergistic effect of reducing carbon and saving water (RCSW) were analyzed. Then, taking the Yangtze River Delta Urban Agglomerations (YRDUA) as the research object, the influencing factors and specific paths of the synergistic effect were clarified. The results showed that the low-carbon emission efficiency (LCEE) had a stable synergy with the intensive utilization efficiency of water resources (IUEWR) in the YRDUA. Government financial expenditure, actual use of foreign capital, and population density were the most significant driving forces for the synergistic effect of RCSW, with q values of 0.561, 0.363, and 0.240, respectively. In addition, most of the interactions of the driving factors were nonlinear enhancement and double-factor enhancement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Alternative polyadenylation (APA) plays a crucial role in cancer biology. Here, we used data from the 3′aQTL-atlas, GTEx, and the China Nanjing Lung Cancer GWAS database to explore the association between apaQTL/eQTL-SNPs and the risk of lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD). The variant T allele of rs277646 in NIT2 is associated with an increased risk of LUAD (OR = 1.12, P = 0.015), lower PDUI values, and higher NIT2 expression. The 3′RACE experiment showed multiple poly (A) sites in NIT2, with the rs277646-T allele causing preferential use of the proximal poly (A) site, resulting in a shorter 3′UTR transcript. This leads to the loss of the hsa-miR-650 binding site, thereby affecting LUAD malignant phenotypes by regulating the expression level of NIT2. Our findings may provide new insights into understanding and exploring APA events in LUAD carcinogenesis. The authors explore alternative polyadenylation (APA) related genes in lung adenocarcinoma(LUAD). By integrating APA-related LUAD genes, 3′aQTL-atlas and eQTL analysis, they identify 28 candidate LUAD-related apaQTL/eQTL-SNPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Although the associations between genetic variations and lung cancer risk have been explored, the epigenetic consequences of DNA methylation in lung cancer development are largely unknown. Here, the genetically predicted DNA methylation markers associated with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) risk by a two‐stage case‐control design were investigated. Methods: The genetic prediction models for methylation levels based on genetic and methylation data of 1595 subjects from the Framingham Heart Study were established. The prediction models were applied to a fixed‐effect meta‐analysis of screening data sets with 27,120 NSCLC cases and 27,355 controls to identify the methylation markers, which were then replicated in independent data sets with 7844 lung cancer cases and 421,224 controls. Also performed was a multi‐omics functional annotation for the identified CpGs by integrating genomics, epigenomics, and transcriptomics and investigation of the potential regulation pathways. Results: Of the 29,894 CpG sites passing the quality control, 39 CpGs associated with NSCLC risk (Bonferroni‐corrected p ≤ 1.67 × 10−6) were originally identified. Of these, 16 CpGs remained significant in the validation stage (Bonferroni‐corrected p ≤ 1.28 × 10−3), including four novel CpGs. Multi‐omics functional annotation showed nine of 16 CpGs were potentially functional biomarkers for NSCLC risk. Thirty‐five genes within a 1‐Mb window of 12 CpGs that might be involved in regulatory pathways of NSCLC risk were identified. Conclusions: Sixteen promising DNA methylation markers associated with NSCLC were identified. Changes of the methylation level at these CpGs might influence the development of NSCLC by regulating the expression of genes nearby. Plain Language Summary: The epigenetic consequences of DNA methylation in lung cancer development are still largely unknown.This study used summary data of large‐scale genome‐wide association studies to investigate the associations between genetically predicted levels of methylation biomarkers and non–small cell lung cancer risk at the first time.This study looked at how well larotrectinib worked in adult patients with sarcomas caused by TRK fusion proteins.These findings will provide a unique insight into the epigenetic susceptibility mechanisms of lung cancer. Sixteen promising DNA methylation markers associated with non–small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) were identified. Changes of the methylation level at these CpGs might influence the development of NSCLC by regulating the expression of genes nearby. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transition metal sulfides (TMSs) are favorable as electrode materials for supercapacitors (SCs) because of their high theoretical capacity, low cost, fascinating redox reversibility, electronic conductivity, and reduced charge transfer resistance. However, TMS electrodes suffer from weak compatibility and combination at heterogeneous interfaces, resulting in TMS stripping and electrode capacity degradation during long-term charging/discharging processes. Herein, we used a convenient, feasible, cheap, and environmentally friendly hydrothermal method to grow S/CoS2/NiS2in situ on Pien Tze Huang-based porous carbon (PZH) to promote the poor electric conductivity and unsatisfactory cycling stability of TMSs. Furthermore, TMSs can be tightly embedded on the surface of PZH to prevent falling off or collapse during long-term processes and usage. The prepared S/CoS2/NiS2/PZH electrode possessed an excellent specific capacitance of 1159.2 F g−1 at 0.5 A g−1, and after 10 000 cycles at 5 A g−1, the capacitance retention was maintained over 84.6%. This in situ method is promising for the development of stable TMS-based electrodes for supercapacitors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the development of medical imaging technologies, breast cancer segmentation remains challenging, especially when considering multimodal imaging. Compared to a single-modality image, multimodal data provide additional information, contributing to better representation learning capabilities. This paper applies these advantages by presenting a deep learning network architecture for segmenting breast cancer with multimodal computed tomography (CT) images based on fusing U-Net architectures that can learn richer representations from multimodal data. The multipath fusion architecture introduces an additional fusion module across different paths, enabling the model to extract features from different modalities at each level of the encoding path. This approach enhances segmentation performance and produces more robust results compared to using a single modality. The study reports experiments conducted on multimodal CT images from 36 patients for training, validation, and testing purposes. The results demonstrate that the proposed model ouperforms the U-Net architecture when considering different combinations of input image modalities. Specifically, when combining two distinct CT modalities, the ZE and IoNW input combination yields the highest Dice score of 0.8546. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to deeply understand the adaptation mechanism of the functional traits of Moso bamboo Phyllostachys pubescens syn. edulis (Poales: Poaceae) leaves to the environment under different Pantana phyllostachysae Chao damage levels, analyzing the changes in the relationship between specific leaf area (SLA) and leaf dry matter content (LDMC). We combined different machine learning models (decision tree, RF, XGBoost, and CatBoost regression models), and used different canopy heights and different levels of infestation, to analyze the changes in the relationship between the two under different levels of infestation based on the results of the best estimation model. The results showed the following: (1) The SLA of Ph. pubescens showed a decreasing trend with the increase om insect pest degree, and LDMC showed an inverse trend. (2) The SLA of bamboo leaves was negatively correlated with the LDMC under different insect pest degrees; the correlation of the data under the healthy class was higher than that of other insect pest levels, and at the same time better than that of the full sample, which laterally confirmed the effect of insect pest stress on the functional traits of Ph. pubescens leaves. (3) When modeling under different infestation levels, the CatBoost model was used for heavy damage and the RF model was used for the rest of the cases; the decision tree regression model was used when modeling different canopy heights. The findings contribute certain insights into the nuanced responses and adaptive mechanisms of Ph. pubescens forests to environmental fluctuations. Moreover, these results furnish a robust scientific foundation, essential for ensuring the enduring sustainability of Ph. pubescens forest ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are some drawbacks to arithmetic and logic operations of general discrete fuzzy numbers, which limit their application. For example, the result of the addition operation of general discrete fuzzy numbers defined by the Zadeh's extension principle may not satisfy the condition of becoming a discrete fuzzy number. In order to solve these problems, special discrete fuzzy numbers on countable sets are investigated in this paper. Since the representation theorem of fuzzy numbers is the basic tool of fuzzy analysis, two kinds of representation theorems of special discrete fuzzy numbers on countable sets are studied first. Then, the metrics of special discrete fuzzy numbers on countable sets are defined, and the relationship between these metrics and the uniform Hausdorff metric (i.e., supremum metric) of general fuzzy numbers is discussed. In addition, the triangular norm and triangular conorm operations (t-norm and t-conorm for short) of special discrete fuzzy numbers on countable sets are presented, and the properties of these two operators are proven. We also prove that these two operators satisfy the basic conditions for closure of operation and present some examples. Finally, the applications of special discrete fuzzy numbers on countable sets in image fusion and aggregation of subjective evaluation are proposed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The proliferation of Mobile Ad hoc Networks (MANETs), where nodes connect with one another to offer the required real-time entertainment services, is where academics are focusing more attention as a result of recent breakthroughs in wireless communication. Decentralised design and wireless connection of MANETs, however, make building safe routing a difficult problem. Artificial Intelligence (AI) and optical technologies have attracted a lot of attention as a way to address these security issues and improve network performance. This study uses a machine learning model to provide a unique security management and routing management method for MANETs. Here, trust-based multi-tier honey pot analysis with stacked reinforcement learning (MHSRL) is used to monitor the security of the network. The linear gradient Distance Vector dynamic Mamdani routing system (LGDVDMR) is used to regulate network routing. For different security-based datasets, experimental analysis is done in terms of throughput, end-end latency, packet delivery ratio, and trust analysis. Generated graph executes both the performance graph and the packet drop. The results of research studies indicate that our method locates the closest node that is the safest and finds problematic nodes with a tolerable load. Proposed technique attained throughput 96%, trust analysis 98%, end-end delay of 59%, packet delivery ratio of 79%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Key message: The transcriptome is beneficial for dissecting the mechanism of millet in response to low potassium stress and SiSnRK2.6 was identified as a potential target for improving low potassium stress tolerance. Foxtail millet (Setaria italica L.), which originated in China, has high nutrient utilization character. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanism of its tolerance to low potassium stress is largely unclear. In this research, the low potassium tolerant variety “Yugu28” was screened out by low potassium stress treatment, and the transcriptome of “Yugu28” under low potassium stress was comprehensively analyzed. A total of 4254 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified, including 1618 up-regulated and 2636 down-regulated genes, respectively. In addition, there were 302 transcription factor (TF) genes in the DEGs and MYB TFs accounted for the highest proportion, which was 14.9%. After functional analysis of all DEGs, a total of 7 genes involved in potassium transport and potassium ion channels and 50 genes corresponding to hormones were screened. The expression levels of randomly selected 17 DEGs were verified by qRT-PCR and the results coincided well with the RNA-seq analysis, indicating the reliability of our transcriptome data. Moreover, one of the ABA signaling pathway genes, SiSnRK2.6, was identified and selected for further functional verification. Compared with the wild type, transgenic rice with ecotopic expression of SiSnRK2.6 showed remarkably increased root length and root number, indicating that overexpression of SiSnRK2.6 can enhance the resistance of transgenic plants to low potassium stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The crystal structure of CdS influences the energy band gap and therefore, its suitability as a semiconductor photocatalyst for solar-to-hydrogen energy conversion. By simply adjusting the temperature of the hydrothermal reaction, CdS samples with different crystal phases were prepared, and their photocatalytic hydrogen production performance was tested to investigate the photocatalytic mechanism of cubic CdS. XRD results confirmed the successful preparation of the two catalysts. TEM results revealed that the (111) and (100) crystal planes corresponded to the cubic and hexagonal CdS structures of the two catalysts. The band gap values of cubic phase and hexagonal phase CdS were 2.24 eV and 2.17 eV, respectively. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy results showed that cubic CdS exhibits a smaller arc radius and lower resistance. The conduction potential of the two CdS phases was further calculated based on the Mott-Schottky plots, revealing that the conduction potential of cubic CdS is more negative than that of hexagonal CdS. Therefore, cubic CdS exhibited a higher carrier migration rate and charge separation efficiency than hexagonal CdS; the photocatalytic hydrogen production of cubic CdS reached 680 µL, which was considerably higher than that of hexagonal CdS under visible light irradiation. This study may serve as a guide for the development of potential applications of CdS-based materials in the field of visible-light-driven hydrogen evolution and could pave the way for the fabrication of other high-performance CdS/semiconductor composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vinylene‐linked covalent organic frameworks (COFs) have attracted enormous attention for photocatalytic H2 evolution from water because of their fully conjugated structures, high chemical stabilities, and enhanced charge‐carrier mobilities. In this work, two novel vinylene‐linked COFs with tuned cyano contents were successfully synthesized and then employed as photocatalysts for H2 generation. Notably, the photocatalytic H2 production rate of the COF with the higher cyano content reached 73 μmol h−1 under visible light irradiation, which is 2.4 times higher than that with the lower content (30 μmol h−1). Both the experimental and computational results demonstrated that the rational design incorporating cyano groups into COF skeletons could precisely tune the corresponding energy levels, expand the visible‐light absorption, and improve the photoinduced charge separation. This work not only provides a simple method for modulating the photocatalytic activities of COFs at the molecular level, but also affords interesting insights into the relationship between their structures and photocatalytic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on complementary ensemble empirical mode decomposition and deep neural network (CEEMD-DNN), a novel diagnosis method is proposed to discover the open-circuit faults of insulated gate bipolar transistors (IGBTs) in single-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) AC-DC rectifier, an important part of traction power supply system of high-speed railway. By virtue of the combination of signal processing and deep learning schemes, the multi-scale feature information for IGBT's open-circuit fault diagnosis are extracted by regarding the input current of rectifier as the original signal. More clearly, CEEMD is adopted to decompose the original signal to a series of intrinsic mode function components (IMFs). Then, the correlation coefficient algorithm is used to evaluate the correlation between each of the IMFs and the original signal. Further, those IMFs that have been verified to be highly correlated with the original signal are selected as the input eigenvectors of DNN to train the IGBTs fault diagnosis network. Experimental results show that the proposed CEEMD-DNN algorithm is superior to pure DNN, empirical mode decomposition (EMD)-DNN and ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD)-DNN in the sense that within the similar time-consuming situations the fault diagnosis accuracy has been improved from 73.0%, 86.0%, and 89.9% to almost 99.0%. This is mainly owing to the remarkable decomposing performance of CEEMD for complex mixed signal, and the strong feature extraction and learning abilities of DNN in pattern recognition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The growing utilization of single-phase pulse width modulation (PWM) rectifiers in various applications has spurred interest in detecting and monitoring faults in these devices. In particular, voltage and current sensors play a crucial role in the control loop of these rectifiers. However, sensor faults can significantly affect the converter's performance and availability. This paper introduces a novel and efficient method for detecting and decoupling sensor faults in single-phase PWM rectifiers. The proposed method utilizes residual generation and incorporates an extended filter within the rectifier. Unlike conventional filters, the presented fault detection and isolation (FDI) method effectively eliminates the influence of disturbances on the residual signal. This feature helps prevent false alarms in the monitored system, ensuring reliable fault detection. To evaluate the effectiveness of the approach, hardware-in-the-loop and simulation tests were conducted. The results from these tests provide substantial evidence supporting the efficacy of the proposed method. The hardware-in-the-loop experiments involved real-world implementation, validating the practicality and reliability of the approach. Meanwhile, simulation tests allowed for a comprehensive analysis of system behavior and performance under various fault scenarios. The findings demonstrate the rapid and dependable nature of the proposed method for detecting and decoupling sensor faults in single-phase PWM rectifiers. By effectively mitigating the impact of disturbances on the residual signal, false alarms are minimized, ensuring accurate fault detection. The experimental validation highlights the practical applicability and effectiveness of the proposed approach, making it a valuable contribution to fault detection in single-phase PWM rectifiers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The gut microbiota plays a crucial role in regulating various host metabolic, immune, and neuroendocrine functions, and has a significant impact on human health. Several lines of evidence suggest that gut dysbiosis is associated with a variety of diseases, including cancer. The gut microbiota can impact the development and progression of cancer through a range of mechanisms, such as regulating cell proliferation and death, modulating the host immune response, and altering the host metabolic state. Gene regulatory programs are considered critical mediators between the gut microbiota and host phenotype, of which RNA N6-methyladenosine (m6A) modifications have attracted much attention recently. Aberrant m6A modifications have been shown to play a crucial role in cancer development. This review aims to provide an overview of the diverse roles of gut microbiota and RNA m6A modifications in cancer and highlight their potential interactions in cancer development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The quality of color image is degraded by the random value impulse noise, which not only affects the overall visual effect of color image, but also causes errors in the application of color image, such as image recognition and image understanding. In this article, a new color image denoising method that uses the three-dimensional discrete fuzzy numbers (3DFN) is presented. Firstly, the definition of three-dimensional discrete fuzzy numbers is introduced based on a special non-empty finite subset of three-dimensional real number space. Secondly, the 3DFN is employed to interpret each pixel value of a color image. In addition, the mass centers and the ambiguity degree are defined to describe the properties of 3DFN. Then, these properties are selected to determine corrupted pixels and replace the noisy pixels; meanwhile, the non-noisy pixel is not changed. At last, some experiments are included to demonstrate that this algorithm can effectively remove the random value impulse noise and preserve the texture and edge of the color images. At the same time, the algorithm also brings forward a new idea in the application of discrete fuzzy numbers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Radioactive iodine in nuclear waste has become an unignorable problem of environmental pollution. In this work, two covalent organic frameworks (T-COF-1 and T-COF-2) with triazine units were synthesized for exceptional iodine capture via weak molecular interactions. Besides, the iodine capture capacity can be tuned via the design of building units, where the nitrogen content can be modified at the molecular level. Interestingly, T-COF-2 with higher triazine unit content affords a higher iodine uptake value. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: DNA methylation (DNAm) plays an important role in lipid metabolism, however, no epigenome-wide association study (EWAS) of lipid levels has been conducted among childhood cancer survivors. Here, we performed EWAS analysis with longitudinally collected blood lipid data from survivors in the St. Jude lifetime cohort study. Methods: Among 2052 childhood cancer survivors of European ancestry (EA) and 370 survivors of African ancestry (AA), four types of blood lipids, including high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG), were measured during follow-up beyond 5-years from childhood cancer diagnosis. For the exposure EWAS (i.e., lipids measured before blood draw for DNAm), the DNAm level was an outcome variable and each of the blood lipid level was an exposure variable; vice versa for the outcome EWAS (i.e., lipids measured after blood draw for DNAm). Results: Among EA survivors, we identified 43 lipid-associated CpGs in the HDL (n = 7), TC (n = 3), and TG (n = 33) exposure EWAS, and 106 lipid-associated CpGs in the HDL (n = 5), LDL (n = 3), TC (n = 4), and TG (n = 94) outcome EWAS. Among AA survivors, we identified 15 lipid-associated CpGs in TG exposure (n = 6), HDL (n = 1), LDL (n = 1), TG (n = 5) and TC (n = 2) outcome EWAS with epigenome-wide significance (P < 9 × 10−8). There were no overlapping lipids-associated CpGs between exposure and outcome EWAS among EA and AA survivors, suggesting that the DNAm changes of different CpGs could be the cause or consequence of blood lipid levels. In the meta-EWAS, 12 additional CpGs reached epigenome-wide significance. Notably, 32 out of 74 lipid-associated CpGs showed substantial heterogeneity (Phet < 0.1 or I2 > 70%) between EA and AA survivors, highlighting differences in DNAm markers of blood lipids between populations with diverse genetic ancestry. Ten lipid-associated CpGs were cis-expression quantitative trait methylation with their DNAm levels associated with the expression of corresponding genes, out of which seven were negatively associated. Conclusions: We identified distinct signatures of DNAm for blood lipids as exposures or outcomes and between EA and AA survivors, revealing additional genes involved in lipid metabolism and potential novel targets for controlling blood lipids in childhood cancer survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of performance compensation commitments on mergers and acquisitions (M&As) has been widely discussed, but has no consistent conclusions. By investigating M&A events among A-share firms from 2011–2015, we found an inverted U-shaped relationship between performance compensation commitments and M&A performance. The PSM is firstly used to select a paired sample of firms' signing performance compensation commitments, which is used to test the incentive effect of signing performance compensation commitments. Secondly, the different impact paths of performance compensation commitment on M&A performance are tested empirically. The study found that: (1) the signing of performance compensation commitment agreements is more likely to increase the M&A price, resulting in a "high premium"; (2) M&A premiums and performance compensation commitments are helpful to improve the short-term effect of M&A performance. However, in the long run, M&A premiums and performance compensation commitments reduce M&A performance, which means that performance commitments have an inverted U-shaped effect on M&A performance. This study enriches our understanding about the impact of performance compensation commitments on M&A performance and has important implications for institutional construction and the protection of small and medium-sized businesses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fault diagnosis of high-speed train (HST) bogie plays an indispensable role in guaranteeing the safety and stability of the daily operation of HST. Up to now, the well-established fault diagnosis models of HST bogie, which are usually trained by supervised learning mechanism, require that the training and testing data satisfy the same probability distribution. Consequently, those methods could lose their efficacy when the probability distribution of the testing data is changed owing to the variation of HST running speed and the labeled data corresponding to the changed speed is absent. To address this, a stepwise adaptive convolutional network (SACN) is proposed to learn the domain-invariant features of vibration data in different speed domains. Moreover, a novel in-and-out stepwise transfer method is designed to deal with the scenario of continuous change in vehicle speed. The experimental tests of the proposed method are conducted using the dataset acquired by SIMPACK via the HST model CRH380 A, mainly addressing the single and compound failure classification problem of the three key components of HST bogie, namely, the air spring, antiyaw damper, and lateral damper. Overall, the proposed SACN achieves an average accuracy of 96.1%, demonstrating the remarkable performance of domain adaptation in performing fault diagnosis of HST bogie under variant running speeds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "Retraction Note: AI-enhanced security demand and routing management for MANETs with optical technologies" has been retracted by the publisher due to concerns regarding the compromised peer-review process, inappropriate references, nonstandard phrases, and the article not being within the scope of the journal. The authors have not responded to correspondence regarding this retraction. Springer Nature, the publisher, remains neutral regarding jurisdictional claims and institutional affiliations. [Extracted from the article]

Since the release of the 13th Five-Year Plan, the construction plan of the smart city and Internet of Things (IoT) has once again pushed the sensors into the limelight. In the current situation, whether in China or around the world, the construction of smart communities has become an irreversible trend. In this environment, the sensor as a smart city "bridge" will certainly usher in an industrial explosion. "Smart city" is a new concept and model for urban development. Academics have also explored the concept and theoretical model of smart cities from different perspectives in different forms. With the gradual establishment of the national smart city system, the Internet of Things and other technologies are being widely used to serve other aspects of human social life, such as urban smart communities, intelligent transportation, and intelligent home security systems. The application of technology is gradually penetrating into the life of our human society. In the context of building a smart city, scholars have also brought an unprecedented broader idea. By seeking a reasonable balance between human and urban nature, the concept of "park city," which aims to create a good ecological habitat where people and nature can coexist and develop in harmony, has emerged as China's urbanization process accelerates and the conflict between people and land becomes more and more prominent. As an important factor to promote the harmonious development of humans and nature, the planning and construction of urban parks is an important means to meet the needs of people for a better life and to improve the ecological environment of cities; therefore, the planning and design of urban parks under the concept of "park city" is getting more and more attention. Qingdao, as a typical coastal city, has a mosaic of green areas and urban construction land, so urban ecological parks with the carrier of nonconstruction land exist in large numbers in the city and become a key link in the practice of the "park city" concept. However, while urban ecological parks provide ecological and social services to citizens, their special land use has also led to a series of problems. At present, there is not enough basis for the planning and management of such special parks in Qingdao, and it is not possible to guide the planning and construction of such parks with universal standards, so how to effectively protect and reasonably utilize them to promote the construction of "park city" is an urgent problem to be solved. Based on the above background, this study takes Qingdao urban ecological park as the research object and summarizes the typical problems in the process of planning, construction, and use of this kind of park through relevant data research and extensive studies. Based on this, we propose three aspects, namely, the location and layout of parks at a macro level, the construction of the park system at meso-level, and the design optimization of parks at a micro level. The specific research content includes the following aspects: the first part defines the background, purpose, and significance of the topic and the research object and summarizes and reviews the existing research results at home and abroad, and then proposes the overall idea and framework of the research. The second part analyzes the problems of Qingdao urban ecological parks with the concept of "park city." Based on the connotation and characteristics of the "park city" concept, the impact of the concept on urban parks is analyzed, and the significance of the "park city" concept on the planning and construction of urban ecological parks is clarified based on the special characteristics of urban ecological parks. Finally, we provide the basis for the proposed strategy by combining case studies at different levels. Finally, we propose a better spatial planning for the construction of a park city in Qingdao using smart detection sensors and other means of building a smart city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the acceleration of urbanization, the hardened area of the city is increasing, the rainwater runoff is increasing, and the pressure on the urban drainage network is increasing, resulting in urban waterlogging which seriously endangers people's travel safety. SC (sponge city) should take the city as the catchment area, and through the self-regulation of the water system, reduce the consumption of water resources and the discharge of pollutants into the water environment to the maximum extent, meet the production and life of residents to the maximum extent, adapt to the climate change, and serve the ecological balance. Based on SWMM (stormwater management model) model, this study constructed an SC planning and design method based on the coupling of multiobjective optimization and comprehensive evaluation and established a multi-model based on fast classification and non-dominated genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The results show that compared with the results calculated by other methods, the multiobjective comprehensive optimization model established in this study and the results calculated by the genetic algorithm NSGA-II shorten the optimization period by 1.44%, improve the quality reliability by 9.86%, reduce the total cost by 0.66%, and reduce the environmental impact by 0.93%. The conclusion shows that it reduces the average discharge flow of the discharge port, relieves the drainage pressure of the pipe network, reduces the risk of waterlogging in the city, etc., and it is more suitable for dealing with rainfall events in medium and small return periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Species of Mycena sect. Calodontes are representative of the Mycena genus as a whole and are easily recognised by the pinkish, reddish, purplish to brownish pileus and larger basidiomata. Furthermore, the colour of the pileus in the species of sect. Calodontes often has a transition or changes in different stages and the combination of the colour of the pileus with cystidia and basidiospores can be used to recognise taxa within this section. To date, 19 species of Mycena sect. Calodontes have been reported worldwide. Including our recent description of M. yuezhuoi, five species of sect. Calodontes have been recorded in China. During examination of specimens collected in coniferous forests or mixed broadleaf-conifer forests in temperate regions of China, additional taxa assigned to sect. Calodontes were identified. Four new species are recognised, based mostly on characters of the pileus and cystidia. Phylogenetic analysis of sequence data from multiple DNA regions (ITS + rpb1 + tef1) supported the morphological evidence. Here, we propose M. polycystidiata, M. rufobrunnea, M. shengshanensis and M. subulata as new species in Mycena sect. Calodontes. Morphological descriptions, line drawings, habitat photos and comparisons with closelyrelated taxa are provided. A key to the 23 known species of sect. Calodontes is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lateral vibration of high-speed train reduces the ride stability and passenger comfort. Semi-active suspension system is often adopted to suppress the lateral vibration of trains due to its low cost and low energy consumption in control, where magnetorheological (MR) damper is the main vibration absorber. In this paper, a full model of the controlled system that consists of the 3-degree of freedom train model and the hysteretic MR damper model is first built. Then, a second-order sliding mode (SOSM) controller is designed for the suppression of lateral vibration of train, where the hysteresis and non-hysteresis nonlinearities are addressed simultaneously and rigorously. Finally, comparative simulations are conducted under the excitation of the German low-interference track spectrum. The results show that the proposed controller can suppress the lateral vibration of high-speed train efficiently in the sense that, compared with the passive control, the internal model-based resonant control and repetitive learning control, the suspension ratio of root-mean-square of lateral acceleration is reduced by 96.98%, 35.70% and 10.54%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adult survivors of childhood cancer are at increased risk of cardiac late effects.Methods: Using whole-genome sequencing data from 1870 survivors of European ancestry in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort (SJLIFE) study, genetic variants were examined for association with ejection fraction (EF) and clinically assessed cancer therapy-induced cardiac dysfunction (CCD). Statistically significant findings were validated in 301 SJLIFE survivors of African ancestry and 4020 survivors of European ancestry from the Childhood Cancer Survivor Study. All statistical tests were 2-sided.Results: A variant near KCNK17 showed genome-wide significant association with EF (rs2815063-A: EF reduction = 1.6%; P = 2.1 × 10-8) in SJLIFE survivors of European ancestry, which replicated in SJLIFE survivors of African ancestry (EF reduction = 1.5%; P = .004). The rs2815063-A also showed a 1.80-fold (P = .008) risk of severe or disabling or life-threatening CCD and replicated in 4020 Childhood Cancer Survivor Study survivors of European ancestry (odds ratio = 1.40; P = .04). Notably, rs2815063-A was specifically associated among survivors exposed to doxorubicin only, with a stronger effect on EF (3.3% EF reduction) and CCD (2.97-fold). Whole blood DNA methylation data in 1651 SJLIFE survivors of European ancestry showed statistically significant correlation of rs2815063-A with dysregulation of KCNK17 enhancers (false discovery rate <5%), which replicated in 263 survivors of African ancestry. Consistently, the rs2815063-A was associated with KCNK17 downregulation based on RNA sequencing of 75 survivors.Conclusions: Leveraging the 2 largest cohorts of childhood cancer survivors in North America and survivor-specific polygenomic functional data, we identified a novel risk locus for CCD, which showed specificity with doxorubicin-induced cardiac dysfunction and highlighted dysregulation of KCNK17 as the likely molecular mechanism underlying this genetic association. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the network‐based iterative learning guaranteed cost control problem for the linear systems subject to denial‐of‐service (DoS) attacks at input and output (I/O) sides is studied via faded channels. First, the DoS attacks are modeled by independent Bernoulli sequences, where the expectation and variance are known. The fading measurements in I/O channels are described as independent Gaussian distributions with known expectations and variances respectively. Then, the repetitive system and the proposed ILC scheme involving both the iteration and time axes are transformed into a random two‐dimensional (2D) Roesser model by using the 2D system theory. The mean‐square asymptotic stability is introduced and followed by the definition of guaranteed cost function. Next, sufficient conditions that can not only ensure the asymptotic stability but also the cost index are derived. By applying the linear matrix inequality technology, the gain matrices and the upper bound of the control cost are further obtained. After exploring the adverse effect brought by the random fading phenomenon, a compensation algorithm is then designed and the analysis is strictly deduced. Finally, an injection molding process example is given to confirm the validity of the design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main purpose of this work is to address the problem of robust grid voltage sensor fault‐tolerant control for a single‐phase two‐level rectifier. First, considering a rectifier with disturbances and grid voltage sensor fault, the standard switched system model is constructed. Based on identical transformation, the original system is converted into an augmented system. In the augmented system, the information of the grid voltage sensor fault is included in the state vector. Second, an unknown input observer is designed for the augmented system for sensor fault estimation. The observer error is totally robust against independent deterministic disturbances. In addition, the effect of the disturbance caused by unknown disturbances or a modelling error is minimised with respect to a prescribed H∞ performance index. Finally, the sensor fault‐tolerant control is realised by fault compensation technique, which protects the rectifier from serious performance degradation in the presence of the grid voltage sensor fault. The proposed fault‐tolerant control strategy requires no supplementary hardware and all the inputs involved in the algorithm are directly available. Simulation and experimental results are exhibited to illustrate the capability of the proposed method to tolerate the grid voltage sensor fault. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Bluish Mycena are rare, but constitute a taxonomically complex group. A total of eight bluish species in four sections have previously been reported from North America, Europe, Oceania and Asia. Two species with a blue pileus, collected in China during our taxonomic study of Mycena s.l., are described here as new to science: Mycena caeruleogrisea sp. nov. and M. caeruleomarginata sp. nov. Detailed descriptions, line drawings and a morphological comparison with closely-related species, especially herbarium specimens of M. subcaerulea from the USA, are provided. The results of Bayesian Inference and Maximum Likelihood phylogenetic analyses of a dataset of 96 nuclear rDNA ITS and 20 nLSU sequences of 43 Mycena species are also presented. The morphological data and the results of the phylogenetic analyses support the introduction of M. caeruleogrisea and M. caeruleomarginata as new species. A taxonomic key to bluish Mycena species of sections Amictae, Cyanocephalae, Sacchariferae and Viscipelles is provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Only three Gerronema (Porotheleaceae) species have been previously recorded in China. Here, we report collections of a fourth species in China: G. nemorale Har. Takah., which is widely distributed in Chinese temperate to subtropical zones. We also formally describe three new species, collected from Anhui, Fujian, and Zhejiang provinces: G. baishanzuense sp. nov., G. microcarpum sp. nov., and G. zhujian sp. nov. Furthermore, we include the results of a phylogenetic analysis of Porotheleaceae based on a multi-locus (ITS + nLSU) dataset. The results, which indicate that Gerronema is polyphyletic, support the taxonomic recognition of the three new species. Morphological descriptions, photographs, line drawings, and comparisons with closely related taxa are presented for the new and newly recorded species. A key to the seven species of Gerronema in China is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plastic behaviors' description of a tungsten heavy alloy (95W-3.5Ni-1.5Fe) at temperatures of 298–773 K and strain rates of 0.001–11,000 s−1 is systematically studied based on four constitutive models, that is, Zerilli-Armstrong model, modified Zerilli-Armstrong model, Mechanical Threshold Stress model, and modified Mechanical Threshold Stress model. The quasi-static compression experiments using an electronic universal testing machine and the dynamic compression experiments using a split Hopkinson pressure bar apparatus are employed to obtain the true stress–strain curves at a total of three temperatures (298 K, 573 K, and 773 K) and a wide range of strain rates (0.001–11,000 s−1). The parameters of the four constitutive models are obtained by the above fundamental experimental data and Grey Wolf Optimizer. The correlation coefficient and average absolute relative error are used to evaluate the predicted performance of these models. Modified Mechanical Threshold Stress model is found to have the highest predicted performance in describing the flow stress of the 95W-3.5Ni-1.5Fe alloy. Eventually, two compression experiments whose loading conditions are not in the fundamental experiments are conducted to validate the four models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban untreated sewage is widely used as a heat source in the heat pump system. Sewage energy has typically been extracted indirectly, i.e., by setting up a heat exchanger before the units. Among sewage heat exchangers, the shell-and-tube heat exchanger is widely applied, while the untreated sewage source heat pump system using a plate heat exchanger is less common owing to its special structure requiring a higher quality of sewage treatment and a superior cleaning method. To solve this problem, a specially designed, sewage source heat pump system was developed and tested. It consists of a kind of pretreatment device, i.e. self-designed spiral-flow type sewage filter and automatic backwashing plate sewage heat exchanger. The model of the heat transfer coefficient of the plate heat exchanger is validated through the comparison between the actual operation data and the theoretical value, and then the influence of the sewage flow velocity on the exchanger is analyzed. Finally, the COP value is calculated, and an energy conservation performance evaluation of the complete system is performed. The test results of actual operation show that the COP value of the new sewage source heat pump system proposed in this paper is 3.02. The filter device has good anti-clogging effect, and the heat exchanger runs stably, achieving the expected energy saving effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, a novel iterative learning control (ILC) scheme is presented for the operation control of high‐speed train (HST), where the velocity and displacement of HST are strictly limited to ensure safety and comfort. The model of HST constructed in the article is practical in the sense that both parametric and nonparametric uncertainties of system are addressed simultaneously. Backstepping design with the newly proposed barrier Lyapunov function is incorporated in analysis to ensure the uniform convergence of the state tracking error and that the constraint requirements on velocity and displacement would not be violated during the whole operation process. In the end, a simulation study is presented to demonstrate the efficacy of the proposed ILC law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Increased epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) in survivors of childhood cancer is associated with specific treatment exposures, unfavorable health behaviors, and presence of certain chronic health conditions. To better understand inter-individual variability, we investigated the genetic basis underlying EAA. Methods: Genome-wide association studies of EAA based on multiple epigenetic clocks (Hannum, Horvath, PhenoAge, and GrimAge) were performed. MethylationEPIC BeadChip array and whole-genome sequencing data were generated with blood-derived DNA from participants in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (discovery: 2138 pre-existing and 502 newly generated data, all survivors; exploratory: 282 community controls). Linear regression models were fit for each epigenetic age against the allelic dose of each genetic variant, adjusting for age at sampling, sex, and cancer treatment exposures. Fixed-effects meta-analysis was used to combine summary statistics from two discovery data sets. LD (Linkage disequilibrium) score regression was used to estimate single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability. Results: For EAA-Horvath, a genome-wide significant association was mapped to the SELP gene with the strongest SNP rs732314 (meta-GWAS: β=0.57, P=3.30×10-11). Moreover, the stratified analysis of the association between rs732314 and EAA-Horvath showed a substantial heterogeneity between children and adults (meta-GWAS: β=0.97 vs. 0.51, I2=73.1%) as well as between survivors with and without chest/abdominal/pelvic-RT exposure (β=0.64 vs. 0.31, I2=66.3%). For EAA-Hannum, an association was mapped to the HLA locus with the strongest SNP rs28366133 (meta-GWAS: β=0.78, P=3.78×10-11). There was no genome-wide significant hit for EAA-PhenoAge or EAA-GrimAge. Interestingly, among community controls, rs732314 was associated with EAA-Horvath (β=1.09, P=5.43×10-5), whereas rs28366133 was not associated with EAA-Hannum (β=0.21, P=0.49). The estimated heritability was 0.33 (SE=0.20) for EAA-Horvath and 0.17 (SE=0.23) for EAA-Hannum, but close to zero for EAA-PhenoAge and EAA-GrimAge. Conclusions: We identified novel genetic variants in the SELP gene and HLA region associated with EAA-Horvath and EAA-Hannum, respectively, among survivors of childhood cancer. The new genetic variants in combination with other replicated known variants can facilitate the identification of survivors at higher risk in developing accelerated aging and potentially inform drug targets for future intervention strategies among vulnerable survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Increased epigenetic age acceleration (EAA) in survivors of childhood cancer is associated with specific treatment exposures, unfavorable health behaviors, and presence of certain chronic health conditions. To better understand inter-individual variability, we investigated the genetic basis underlying EAA. Methods: Genome-wide association studies of EAA based on multiple epigenetic clocks (Hannum, Horvath, PhenoAge, and GrimAge) were performed. MethylationEPIC BeadChip array and whole-genome sequencing data were generated with blood-derived DNA from participants in the St. Jude Lifetime Cohort Study (discovery: 2138 pre-existing and 502 newly generated data, all survivors; exploratory: 282 community controls). Linear regression models were fit for each epigenetic age against the allelic dose of each genetic variant, adjusting for age at sampling, sex, and cancer treatment exposures. Fixed-effects meta-analysis was used to combine summary statistics from two discovery data sets. LD (Linkage disequilibrium) score regression was used to estimate single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)-based heritability. Results: For EAA-Horvath, a genome-wide significant association was mapped to the SELP gene with the strongest SNP rs732314 (meta-GWAS: β=0.57, P=3.30×10-11). Moreover, the stratified analysis of the association between rs732314 and EAA-Horvath showed a substantial heterogeneity between children and adults (meta-GWAS: β=0.97 vs. 0.51, I2=73.1%) as well as between survivors with and without chest/abdominal/pelvic-RT exposure (β=0.64 vs. 0.31, I2=66.3%). For EAA-Hannum, an association was mapped to the HLA locus with the strongest SNP rs28366133 (meta-GWAS: β=0.78, P=3.78×10-11). There was no genome-wide significant hit for EAA-PhenoAge or EAA-GrimAge. Interestingly, among community controls, rs732314 was associated with EAA-Horvath (β=1.09, P=5.43×10-5), whereas rs28366133 was not associated with EAA-Hannum (β=0.21, P=0.49). The estimated heritability was 0.33 (SE=0.20) for EAA-Horvath and 0.17 (SE=0.23) for EAA-Hannum, but close to zero for EAA-PhenoAge and EAA-GrimAge. Conclusions: We identified novel genetic variants in the SELP gene and HLA region associated with EAA-Horvath and EAA-Hannum, respectively, among survivors of childhood cancer. The new genetic variants in combination with other replicated known variants can facilitate the identification of survivors at higher risk in developing accelerated aging and potentially inform drug targets for future intervention strategies among vulnerable survivors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As one of the most important systems of high-speed train (HST), bogie system matters when it comes to the safety and reliability of HST operation. In order to strengthen feature propagation and alleviate vanishing gradients problems in training deep-learning networks, a novel Dense-Squeeze Network based on one-dimensional convolutional neural networks (1D-CNN) is proposed for bogie fault diagnosis. On the one hand, dense blocks are capable of facilitating feature reuse and increasing the depth of feature propagation. On the other hand, the squeeze operation automatically measures the importance level of each feature channel, and then enhance the useful features and suppress the useless features for the current task. The experimental results tested by the HST model CRH380 A at different speeds verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, and the accuracy of fault diagnosis converges to 99.66%. Compared with other deep-learning-based methods, such as 1D-CNN, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) and DenseNet, the superiority of the proposed scheme is demonstrated clearly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Here, a tetrakaidecahedron-shaped Cu four-core supramolecule was designed to overcome the defects of supramolecules for lithium-ion batteries. With multiple metal centers, conductive ligands and abundant hydrogen bonds, this novel electrode shows excellent rate capability (459.4 mA h g−1 at 2000 mA g−1) and cyclicality (494.5 mA h g−1 after 700 cycles). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The key problem of visible watermarking is how to balance the watermark visibility, the security and the quality of marked image. In this paper, an adaptive visible watermarking scheme in document images using two-stage Mamdani fuzzy inference system (FIS) is presented. Firstly, four attribute parameters of document images including the neighborhood gray-scale value (G), skewness (Sk), entropy value (En) and standard deviation (Std) are defined as visible watermark embedding criteria. Secondly, the FIS1 and FIS2 are designed with different input and output parameters to get the adaptive intensity factors. In order to avoid the visible watermark being removed by the binary removal attack, the gray-scale uniform distribution method is used to remove the peak of the probability logarithmic histogram after the FIS1 stage. Finally, according to the results of FIS2 stage, the change of histogram is not obvious. To evaluate and analyze the performance of this scheme, the proposed scheme is compared with other previous visible watermarking schemes, and experiment results show that the presented one has better visual effect and less distortion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hollmann built a theoretical framework for subspace regenerating storage code. In this framework, a storage node is equipped with a constant dimension subspace chosen from an overall message space Fqm${\bm{F}}_{\bm{q}}^{\bm{m}}$. The projection of user message on the subspace is stored on the corresponding node. A subspace code needs to fulfil decoding and repairing functionality. The framework stipulates the property for subspace storage code, but a simple implementable construction is still missing. To decrease the complexity of code design as well as encoding and decoding, this article proposed a subspace code implementation over F2 with the parameters of (m,m,2,⌈m2⌉,r,β)$({\bm{m}},{\bm{m}},2,\lceil {\frac{{\bm{m}}}{2}} \rceil ,{\bm{\ r}},{\bm{\beta }})$. It is proved theoretically the code is characterized by minimum decoding bandwidth, minimum storage, and exact repair. Still, the code is explicit, feasible and lightweight. A series of examples are given to elucidate the encoding, decoding and repairing procedures, which show in cases of m ≤ 5, the code could achieve high repair efficiency by combining with network coding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adenosine-to-inosine (A-to-I) RNA editing is a widespread posttranscriptional modification that has been shown to play an important role in tumorigenesis. Here, we evaluated a total of 19,316 RNA editing sites in the tissues of 80 lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) patients from our Nanjing Lung Cancer Cohort (NJLCC) and 486 LUAD patients from the TCGA database. The global RNA editing level was significantly increased in tumor tissues and was highly heterogeneous across patients. The high RNA editing level in tumors was attributed to both RNA (ADAR1 expression) and DNA alterations (mutation load). Consensus clustering on RNA editing sites revealed a new molecular subtype (EC3) that was associated with the poorest prognosis of LUAD patients. Importantly, the new classification was independent of classic molecular subtypes based on gene expression or DNA methylation. We further proposed a simplified model including eight RNA editing sites to accurately distinguish the EC3 subtype in our patients. The model was further validated in the TCGA dataset and had an area under the curve (AUC) of the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.93 (95%CI: 0.91–0.95). In addition, we found that LUAD cell lines with the EC3 subtype were sensitive to four chemotherapy drugs. These findings highlighted the importance of RNA editing events in the tumorigenesis of LUAD and provided insight into the application of RNA editing in the molecular subtyping and clinical treatment of cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Only a few Crepidotus species have been previously reported from subalpine areas of China. Members of Crepidotus possessing an orange-yellow pileus are rare in China as well. Here, we describe Crepidotus yuanchui, a new species characterized by an orange-yellow pileus, ovoid basidiospores, and abundant cylindric to narrowly utriform cheilocystidia. This species is widely distributed above 2000 m asl in Yunnan Province. In addition, C. caspari, which is a distinct species based on its combined characteristics of smooth basidiospores and clamp connections, is newly recorded and detailed from subalpine China. The results of phylogenetic analyses of ITS + nLSU sequences based on maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference methods support the recognition of these two species. Photographs, descriptions, line drawings, and comparisons of related species are provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Although, hydrogen is a promising green energy source, current catalysts for hydrogen production cannot use the full range of visible light. In addition, these catalysts suffer from problems such as rapid charge-carrier recombination. Therefore, a simple strategy to synthesize high-performance catalysts for visible-light-driven H2 production is required. One promising method of increasing catalyst efficiency is the use of a heterojunction structure. Therefore, in this study, Zn0.5Cd0.5S–TiO2 (ZCS–TiO2) heterojunction photocatalysts were prepared via the controlled growth of Zn0.5Cd0.5S using a facile solvothermal method. The ZCS–TiO2 heterojunction photocatalysts showed high hydrogen production performance from water upon exposure to visible light as a result of the increased separation of photogenerated charges. Based on this success, we further modified the surface of the Zn0.5Cd0.5S–TiO2 catalyst with a reduced graphene oxide (RGO) cocatalyst to produce RGO/ZCS–TiO2 composite heterojunction photocatalysts. These ternary composite heterojunction photocatalysts also showed good hydrogen production from water because of the enhanced electron transport endowed by RGO and the matching band structure between Zn0.5Cd0.5S and TiO2. Furthermore, we investigated the effects of different loadings of RGO, as well as the use of physical mixtures, on the catalytic activity; the optimized 0.5%RGO/50%ZCS–TiO2 composite exhibited distinctly greater photocatalytic activity than the 50%ZCS–TiO2 and ZCS catalysts, as well as the 0.5%Pt/50%ZCS–TiO2 catalyst. Thus, our study demonstrates a new approach for obtaining highly efficient ZCS-based photocatalysts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethylenediamine with two −NH2 functional groups was used as a critical complexing agent in chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) slurries for a high carbon chromium GCr15 bearing steel (equivalent to AISI 52100). The polishing performance and corresponding mechanism of −NH2 functional groups were thoroughly investigated as a function of pH. It is revealed that, when polished with ethylenediamine and H2O2-based slurries, the material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness Ra of GCr15 steel gradually decrease as pH increases. Compared with acidic pH of 4.0, at alkaline pH of 10.0, the surface film of GCr15 steel has much higher corrosion resistance and wear resistance, and thus the material removal caused by the pure corrosion and corrosion-enhanced wear are greatly inhibited, resulting in much lower MRR and Ra. Moreover, it is confirmed that a more protective composite film, consisting of more Fe3+ hydroxides/oxyhydroxides and complex compounds with −NH2 functional groups of ethylenediamine, can be formed at pH of 10.0. Additionally, the polishing performance of pure iron and a medium carbon 45 steel exhibits a similar trend as GCr15 steel. The findings suggest that acidic pH could be feasible for amine groups-based complexing agents to achieve efficient CMP of iron-based metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article proposes a new spatial iterative learning control (ILC) algorithm that can track the desired trajectory for operation control of high-speed train (HST) in the presence of time-varying adhesion dynamics between wheel and track. Although the adhesion dynamics will affect the overall performance and might lead to an unsafe scenario, not much work has been done to handle them in the field of operation control of HST. As the operation process of HST is repetitive in spatial domain, the conventional ILC algorithms, in which finite time domain is always considered, cannot be directly applied to such kind of system. In order to address spatial learning, the train’s operation dynamics, including the adhesion dynamics, are first developed. By revealing the link between the temporal gradient and the spatial gradient, the operation dynamics can be converted from the time domain into the spatial domain, making the ILC design feasible. A novel ILC algorithm is then proposed to ensure the convergence with the help of a new composite energy function (CEF). It is highlighted that in this CEF analysis, dynamic systems are not required to be globally Lipschitz, which is one of the standing assumptions needed in the convergence analysis of ILC. The effectiveness of the proposed spatial ILC algorithm is demonstrated from a simulation example. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]