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This paper examines whether increased export opportunity improved the relative demand for skilled labors in China's migrants, and whether such effects further improved their investments in their next generation's education. To answer these questions, by employing the National Migrant Monitoring Data, Manufacturing Enterprise Survey, China Customs Database and China's Population survey data, and using international demand shocks to construct instrumental variables, we find that export opportunities do increase the demand for skilled migrants, their wages and the probability that they bring their school-age children to cities. These results indicate that export opportunities not only increase the demand and return for skilled migrants, but also promote the accumulation of human capital for the next generation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, it was reported that basement membrane-associated long non-coding ribonucleic acid predicts prognosis and effectively enhances the individualized treatment of breast cancer by effectively identifying hot and cold tumors. Breast cancer transcriptional sequencing data were downloaded from The Cancer Genome Atlas and searched for prognostic long non-coding ribonucleic acids associated with basement membrane by univariate Cox regression and co-expression analysis. The least absolute shrinkage and selection operator analysis was employed to investigate the long non-coding ribonucleic acid prognostic model that is related to the basement membrane. Then, the following analyses were used to validate and evaluate the model, including univariate Cox regression, Kaplan-Meier analysis, multivariate Cox regression, receiver operating characteristic curve, calibration curves and nomogram. Immunoassay, principal component analysis, immunocytometric analysis and half-maximal inhibitory concentration analysis were conducted on the risk groups. To distinguish cold and hot tumors in terms of drug immunotherapy sensitivity, all inflammation-related long non-coding ribonucleic acids were divided into two groups. A model containing 4 basement membrane-related long non-coding ribonucleic acids was developed in this study. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.742, 0.759 and 0.840 for 1, 2 and 3 y, respectively. High-risk patients were associated with tumor invasion and immunity and had a high immune infiltration status. Immune cells and checkpoints were infiltrated and activated in the high-risk group. Hot and cold tumors could be effectively distinguished by tumor clusters. Among the two clusters, cluster 2 was identified as hot tumors, which indicated that they were more sensitive to immunotherapeutic agents. This study provides evidence to support the hypothesis that basement membrane-related long non-coding ribonucleic acids can accurately predict patient prognosis and differentiate between hot and cold tumors. As a result, individualized immunotherapy for breast cancer patients will be improved and patients will have access to new treatment options. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The conflicts between rurality and urbanization, tradition and modernity, industry and environmental resource in the rural tourism have become major difficulties of its sustainable development in China. This paper analyzed the characteristics and difficult situations of metropolitan suburban rural tourism, put forward four kinds of region-city functions in the development of metropolitan suburban rural tourism, and researched on the construction of rural tourism scenic areas in metropolis sub-urb--"to Withstand Loneliness in the Process of Urbanization"--as the following aspects :the space organization mode, localization, social organization and management , the product organization and spatial planning modes and contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Single nucleotide polymorphisms of the 5' regulatory region of the FSHR gene were detected in 3 goat breeds (Jining Grey, Boer, and Inner Mongolia Cashmere) by the polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism method, and its effects on litter size in Jining Grey goats were also evaluated. Concerning primer P1, 2 genotypes (AA and BB) were detected in Boer goats, while only the AA genotype was identified in Jining Grey and Inner Mongolia Cashmere goats. Sequencing revealed a T→A transversion at the 26th position and an A→C transversion at the 61st position of the amplified region in genotype BB in comparison to genotype AA. Regarding primer P2, 3 genotypes (CC, CD, and DD) were identified in the 3 goat breeds mentioned above. Sequencing revealed a T→A transversion at the 70th position and a G→C transversion at the 130th position of the amplified region in genotype DD compared with CC. Does with genotype CC had 0.46 (P < 0.05) or 1.03 (P < 0.05) kids more than those with genotype CD or DD, respectively, while does with CD had 0.57 (P < 0.05) kids more than those with DD in Jining Grey goats. These results preliminarily showed that allele C of the FSHR gene was a potential marker for improving litter size in goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The polymorphisms of arylalkylamine-N-acetyltransferase (AA-NAT) gene in high-prolificacy Jining Grey goat, medium-prolificacy Boer goat and low-prolificacy Liaoning Cashmere, Inner Mongolia Cashmere and Angora goats were detected to analyse their relationships with litter size. Primers (P1-P5) were designed to detect the polymorphisms by PCR-SSCP and PCR-RFLP. For P2, AA, AB and BB genotypes were detected. Sequencing revealed one silent mutation (T132C) of AA-NAT gene in BB in comparison to AA. For P3, CC and CD genotypes were detected and sequencing revealed one mutation (C265T) of AA-NAT gene in CD in comparison to CC, and this mutation resulted in an amino acid change of Arg→Cys (R89C). The Jining Grey does with genotype CD delivered by 0.56 kids (P<0.05) more than those with CC genotype. For P5, EE, EF and FF genotypes were detected and sequencing revealed one mutation (C586T) of AA-NAT gene in FF in comparison to EE. This mutation caused an amino acid change of Arg→Trp (R196W). For both P2 and P5, the differences in litter size among three genotypes were not significant in Jining Grey goats (P>0.05). These results preliminarily indicate that allele D at the C265T locus of AA-NAT gene is a potential marker in genetic improvement of litter size in goats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bone morphogenetic protein receptor IB (BMPR-IB) was studied as a candidate gene for the prolificacy of sheep. Nine pairs of primers (P1-P9) were designed to detect single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of exons 1-4 and 6-10 of the BMPR- IB gene in both high (Small Tail Han and Hu sheep) and low prolificacy breeds (Texel and Chinese Merino sheep) by polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-single strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP). Only the products amplified by primers P2, P5, P6, P7, P8 and P9 displayed polymorphisms. The present study identified 22 SNPs in partial coding regions of ovine BMPR- IB, in which 20 SNPs were reported for the first time. In total of the 22 mutations, 18 DNA variations were originated from the Hu breed, three were found in the Small Tail Han breed (two of them were found in other sheep breeds), three in the Chinese Merino breed, and none in the Texel breed. These results preliminarily demonstrated that BMPR-IB is a major gene affecting the hyperprolificacy in Small Tail Han and Hu sheep, and could be used as a molecular genetic marker for early auxiliary selection for hyperprolificacy in sheep. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]