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Purpose: To explore the role of indocyanine green (ICG) fluorescence navigation in laparoscopic hepatectomy and investigate if the timing of its administration influences the intraoperative observation. Methods: The subjects of this retrospective study were 120 patients who underwent laparoscopic hepatectomy; divided into an ICG-FN group (n = 57) and a non-ICG-FN group (n = 63). We analyzed the baseline data and operative data. Results: There were no remarkable differences in baseline data such as demographic characteristics, lesion-related characteristics, and liver function parameters between the groups. Operative time and intraoperative blood loss were significantly lower in the ICG-FN group. The rate of R0 resection of malignant tumors was comparable in the ICG-FN and non-ICG-FN groups, but the wide surgical margin rate was significantly higher in the ICG-FN group. The administration of ICG 0–3 or 4–7 days preoperatively did not affect the intraoperative fluorescence imaging. Operative time, intraoperative blood loss, and a wide surgical margin correlated with ICG fluorescence navigation. ICG fluorescence navigation helped to minimize intraoperative blood loss and achieve a wide surgical margin. Conclusion: ICG fluorescence navigation is safe and efficient in laparoscopic hepatectomy. It helps to achieve a wide surgical margin, which could result in a better prognosis. The administration of ICG 0–3 days preoperatively is acceptable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We define threshold disentanglement as the level above which entanglement must be maintained for later use and calculate the values of quantum system parameters at t = 0 that will ensure that the threshold is not crossed in a specified time. An important issue is the possibility of non-smooth, typically non-exponential, decay of entanglement into the state of complete disentanglement. Given a specified operation time τ, we determine phase diagrams showing entanglement preservation during the evolution of a generic two-qubit mixed state as a function of selected initial parameters such as concurrence and excitation probabilities. In other words, disentanglement can be pre-managed through these parameters. Three common relaxation processes—amplitude, phase and depolarization—are considered. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]