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Pseudostellaria davidii (Franch.) Pax belongs to subseries distancs of Pseudostellaria (Caryophyllaceae), and is mainly distributed in north-eastern Asia. The complete chloroplast (cp) genome of P. davidii was assembled and annotated for the first time in this study. The cp genome of P. davidii is 149,732 bp in length with the GC content of 36.57%, and it consists of four subregions: a large single-copy (LSC) region of 81,156 bp, a small single-copy (SSC) region of 16,894 bp and two inverted repeats (IR) regions of 25,841 bp each. The cp genome of P. davidii encodes a total of 111 unique genes, which are 77 protein-coding genes, four rRNA genes, and 30 tRNA genes. The results of phylogenetic analysis strongly suggested that Pseudostellaria was a monophyletic group and P. davidii forms an independent sister clade to other species of Pseudostellaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudostellaria wuyishanensis, a new species from the Wuyishan National Park, Fujian, China, is described and illustrated. Morphologically, Pseudostellaria wuyishanensis resembles P. heterantha. However, the new species can be distinguished by presence of stolons, 1 line of hairs on the stem, smaller leaf blades, shorter pedicels, and ovary with 2 styles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, D-galactose model mice were used to investigate the relationship between in vivo antioxidation and intestinal probiotic function of an ethanol extract of Radix pseudostellariae. Seventy-two ICR mice were selected and divided into 6 groups. D-galactose was used to induce damage, and a Pseudostellariae ethanol extract was used to intervene to investigate its effect on the growth, antioxidant enzyme activities and intestinal function of the mice. The results showed that the Radix pseudostellariae extract after purification by resin D101 contained saponins (613.48 mg/g dry weight). Compared with the model group, the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-px of the liver of the HPEs group increased by 16.64%, 26.01% and 20.30%, respectively, with the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-px of the kidney increasing by 19.94%, 23.37% and 18.00%, the activities of SOD, CAT and GSH-px of the brain increasing by 14.55%, 13.06% and 40.72%, respectively. By increasing the abundance of beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, Bacteroides and Blautiain the intestines, and decreasing the abundance of harmful bacteria such as Methylobacterium, Rikenella and Paraprevotella, the extract could reduce the risk of intestinal diseases, restore the structure of the small intestinalvilli and enhance effectively the body's antioxidant level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using light and scanning electron microscopy, we studied the pollen morphology of six species (one of which are endemic) of Chinese Pseudostellaria. All species were studied for the first time. Results of this study indicated that pollen grains of Pseudostellaria are spheroidal or spheroidal‐polyhedral in shape and small or medium in size and pantoporate. Each pollen grain has 12–16 round pores. These pores are apart from each other by 5.77–7.73 μm and each has 7–13 granules in the operculum region. These features have important taxonomic significance. In addition, their pollen grains have thin exine with microechinate‐punctate‐perforate surface ornamentation. Pollen features do not support the traditional infrageneric classification of Pseudostellaria into two sections, but support that Pseudostellaria is closely related to other species of the Odontostemma clade. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We presented complete chloroplast genome of Prince Ginseng, Pseudostellaria heterophylla which is 149,795 bp long and has four subregions: 81,460 bp of large single copy (LSC) and 16,983 bp of small single copy (SSC) regions are separated by 25,676 bp of inverted repeat (IR) regions including 126 genes (81 CDS, 8 rRNAs, and 37 tRNAs). The overall GC content of the chloroplast genome is 36.5% and those in the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 34.3%, 29.4%, and 42.3%, respectively. Phylogenetic trees of 25 Caryophyllaceae species present phylogenetic position of P. heterophylla among available Pseudostellaria species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With an internal transcribed spacer of 18 S, 5.8 S and 26 S nuclear ribosomal DNA (nrDNA ITS) as DNA marker, we report a colorimetric approach for authentication of Pseudostellaria heterophylla (PH) and its counterfeit species based on the differentiation of the nrDNA ITS sequence. The assay possesses an unlabelled G-quadruplex DNAzyme molecular beacon (MB) probe, employing complementary sequence as biorecognition element and 1:1:1:1 split G-quadruplex halves as reporter. In the absence of target DNA (T-DNA), the probe can shape intermolecular G-quadruplex structures capable of binding hemin to form G-quadruplex-hemin DNAzyme and catalyze the oxidation of ABTS2- to blue-green ABTS•- by H2O2. In the presence of T-DNA, T-DNA can hybridize with the complementary sequence to form a duplex structure, hindering the formation of the G-quadruplex structure and resulting in the loss of the catalytic activity. Consequently, a UV-Vis absorption signal decrease is observed in the ABTS2--H2O2 system. The "turn-off" assay allows the detection of T-DNA from 1.0 × 10-9 to 3.0 × 10-7 mol·L-1 (R² = 0.9906), with a low detection limit of 3.1 × 10-10 mol·L-1. The present study provides a sensitive and selective method and may serve as a foundation of utilizing the DNAzyme MB sensor for identifying traditional Chinese medicines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudostellaria palibiniana which belongs to subseries Verticilatae is one of the species in Pseudostellaria palibiniana species complex (PPSC). To uncover intraspecies variation of P. palibiniana, we presented its second complete chloroplast genome which is 149,639 bp long and has four subregions: 81,286 bp of large single copy and 16,977 bp of small single copy regions are separated by 25,688 bp of inverted repeat regions including 126 genes (81 protein-coding genes, 8 rRNAs, and 37 tRNAs). The overall GC content is 36.5% and those in the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 34.3%, 29.4%, and 42.4%, respectively. Eighty-four single nucleotide polymorphisms and 125 insertions and deletions are identified between two individuals of P. palibiniana. Phylogenetic tree presents that P. palibiniana isolated from the same place of Pseudostellaria longipedicellata is clustered with another P. palibiniana, showing that PPSC can be solved using complete chloroplast genomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudostellaria palibiniana (Takeda) Ohwi which belongs to Caryophyllaceae is distributed in Korea and Japan. In this study, we present the complete chloroplast genome of P. palibiniana which is 149,668 bp long and has four subregions: 81,313 bp of large single copy (LSC) and 16,958 bp of small single copy (SSC) regions are separated by 25,709 bp of inverted repeat (IR) regions including 126 genes (81 protein-coding genes, eight rRNAs, and 37 tRNAs). The overall GC content of the chloroplast genome is 36.5% and those in the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 34.3%, 29.4%, and 42.4%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudostellaria okamotoi Ohwi is the endemic species with limited habitat which is subalpine area in central Southern part of the Korean peninsula. In this study, we presented the complete chloroplast genome of P. okamotoi of which length is 149,653 bp. It consists of four subregions: 81,291 bp of large single copy (LSC) and 16,958 bp of small single copy (SSC) regions are separated by 25,702 bp of inverted repeat (IR) regions. It includes 126 genes (81 protein-coding genes, eight rRNAs, and 37 tRNAs). The overall GC content of the chloroplast genome is 36.5% and those in the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 34.3%, 29.3%, and 42.4%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pseudostellaria longipedicellata which belongs to Caryophyllaceae is endemic in South Korea. In this study, we presented first complete chloroplast genome of P. longipedicellata which is 149,626 bp and has four sub-regions: 81,292 bp of large single copy (LSC) and 16,984 bp of small single copy (SSC) regions are separated by 25,675 bp of inverted repeat (IRs) regions including 126 genes (81 CDS, eight rRNAs, and 37 tRNAs). The overall GC contents of the chloroplast genome were 36.5% and in the LSC, SSC and IR regions were 34.3%, 29.3%, and 42.4%, respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]