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Various industries around the world recognize the importance of achieving Net Zero Greenhouse Gases (GHG) emission by 2050. Industrial processes have been attributed to the increase in CO2 concentrations causing climate change. As the rate of emissions continues to increase, there becomes a pressing need to adopt new technologies that allow for a real shift towards emission reduction. In this paper, Carbon Capture (CC) technologies are explored and reviewed across various industries namely: cement, steel, ethanol and powerplants. A statistical representation of various CC implementations and facilities is presented with a supportive case study, including some evaluative discussions of energy demands, capture rates, and economic impacts of various technology adoptions. Moreover, the paper includes a comparative data analysis of various solvents and configurations used for carbon capture, to show their effectiveness in reducing CO2 and cost of implementation. The paper also discusses some crucial limitations and challenges of CC, including economic and technical aspects. However, with the success seen in CC applications across various industries, there remains scope for future work to address novel solvents, with reduced costs and minimum modifications to existing processes. A brief overview of life cycle assessment of carbon capture and storage is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sudden increase in the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in the atmosphere due to the high dependency on fossil products has created the need for an urgent solution to mitigate this challenge. Global warming, which is a direct result of excessive CO2 emissions into the atmosphere, is one major issue that the world is trying to curb, especially in the 21st Century where most energy generation mediums operate using fossil products. This investigation considered a number of materials ideal for the capturing of CO2 in the post-combustion process. The application of aqueous ammonia, amine solutions, ionic liquids, and activated carbons is thoroughly discussed. Notable challenges are impeding their advancement, which are clearly expatiated in the report. Some merits and demerits of these technologies are also presented. Future research directions for each of these technologies are also analyzed and explained in detail. Furthermore, the impact of post-combustion CO2 capture on the circular economy is also presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Intensive energy penalty caused by CO2 separation process is a critical obstacle for retrofitting power plant with carbon capture technology. Therefore, the concept of utilizing solar energy to assist solvent regeneration for post-combustion carbon capture power plant is proposed recently as a promising pathway to compensate the efficiency reduction derived from CO2 capture process. However, the feasibility of solar-assisted post-combustion technologies largely depends on the types of CO2 absorbent, categories of solar thermal collectors, areas of solar field, and the integration of thermal energy storage system. Therefore, this paper conducts a comparative analysis on monoethanolamine-based and NH3-based solar-assisted post-combustion power plants employing two types of solar collectors, i.e the vacuum tube and the parabolic through collector, with climate data of Tianjin City, China. Levelized costs of electricity and cost of CO2 removed are comparatively studied for both solar-assisted post-combustion configurations. Results show that the proposed solar-assisted post-combustion configurations are economically viable when the price of vacuum tube is lower than 86.64 $/m2 and 117.29 $/m² for the monoethanolamine-based and NH3-based solar-assisted postcombustion power plant, respectively. Meanwhile, the price of parabolic through collector should be less than 111.12 $/m² for the monoethanolamine-based and 114.51 $/m² for the NH3-based solar-assisted post-combustion power plant. It is indicated that employing the vacuum tube for chilled NH3-based solar-assisted post-combustion power plant offers a promising approach to reduce the energy penalty with attractive economic performance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a wide range of resources for CO2 emissions. The net amount of CO2 emissions in the cement industry due to the consumption of fossil fuels and the chemical processes of cement production under heating raw materials is reported to be in the range of 15–25%; this industry, among all the industries and after the power plants and refineries, is the largest CO2 gas producer throughout the world. Using CO2 capture and storage (CCS), it can reduce greenhouse gas emissions in a short time. In this study, the technical feasibility study of recycling CO2 in Abyek Cement Company, with a cement production capacity of about 12,500 tons per day in two production lines, has been studied as one of the largest cement industries throughout the world. Fuel oil (Mazut) is used as the primary fuel for furnaces in this industry. Affected by combustion, the emissions emitted from the five-stage preheater contain 5/24% vol% of CO2, 7.6% H2O, 4.8% vol% of O2, and 63.1% N2. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study a thin film composite (TFC) membrane with a Pebax/Task-specific ionic liquid (TSIL) blend selective layer was prepared. Defect-free Pebax/TSIL layers were coated successfully on a polysulfone ultrafiltration porous support with a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) gutter layer. Different parameters in the membrane preparation (e.g. concentration, coating time) were investigated and optimized. The morphology of the membranes was studied by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), while the thermal properties and chemical structures of the membrane materials were investigated by thermo-gravimetric analyzer (TGA), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The CO separation performance of the membrane was evaluated using a mixed gas permeation test. Experimental results show that the incorporation of TSIL into the Pebax matrix can significantly increase both CO permeance and CO/N selectivity. With the presence of water vapor, the membrane exhibits the best CO/N selectivity at a relative humidity of around 75%, where a CO permeance of around 500 GPU and a CO/N selectivity of 46 were documented. A further increase in the relative humidity resulted in higher CO permeance but decreased CO/N selectivity. Experiments also show that CO permeance decreases with a CO partial pressure increase, which is considered a characteristic in facilitated transport membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The paper concerns research aimed at developing a computational fluid dynamics (CFD) model of an amine-based carbon dioxide capture process in post-combustion capture (PCC) technology. A numerical model of the absorber column (the first stage of PCC cycle) including complex hydrodynamics, heat transfer and absorption reaction involving monoethanolamine (MEA) was developed and described in detail in [1, 2]. This paper focuses on the second stage of the PCC cycle: the desorber (stripper) column. An Eulerian multiphase model was adopted to resolve two-phase counter-current gas-liquid flow in a porous region with desorption reaction, multiphase heat transfer and evaporation/condensation phenomena. The preliminary calculations were performed on simplified geometry of the stripper column in order to reduce the computational time required. The results showed physically correct behavior, proving its relevance and utility for practical applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]