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The textile industry flourished swiftly globally due to rapid industrialization. Consequently, hazardous and toxic dyes discharged into aquatic ecosystems adversely impact the stability of the ecosystem, plants and humans. This study focused on cost-efficient, eco-friendly and sustainable techniques to remediate textile effluents. Phytoremediation using Pistia stratiotes and biologically synthesized copper nanoparticles were used to remove mixed dyes. The size of the CuO NPs ranged from 16 nm – to 32 nm. Optimum degradation up to 68.2% was attained at 500 mg/L utilizing Pistia stratiotes. A kinetic study revealed that 50 mg of copper oxide nanoparticles could effectively degrade different concentrations of mixed dyes. Wastewater analysis, such as TDS, Nitrate, Chloride, DO and BOD, was carried out for five days. Histopathological examination revealed that mixed dye affected the leaves and roots of Pistia stratiotes. Phytotoxicity analysis was performed using PTC technique employing Vigna radiata which exhibited tolerance against highest and lowest concentration of dye aiding seed germination at 10 and 100 mg/L. When both phytoremediation and nanoparticles were implemented, mixed dye removal efficacy increased from 28.2% to 45.7%. Hence, it was inferred from the present study that an integrated approach enhanced the removal of mixed dyes from the textile effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytoremediation of oil pollution using free-floating aquatic plants is a promising method for water body cleaning. In this study, the influence of Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes on the degradation of oil pollution was investigated. The loss of oil alkanes and the rheological characteristics of water were evaluated, and an analysis of the emerging rhizospheric microbial communities was carried out using high-throughput sequencing. The presence of E. crassipes and P. stratiotes plants in oil-contaminated tanks had no effect on the degradation of oil alkanes. However, the presence of plants promoted the development of rhizospheric bacteria capable of growing in oil-contaminated environments. Alpha diversity of microbial communities in oil-contaminated samples was higher in the presence of plants. Additionally, plants significantly reduced the water/oil interfacial tension, which facilitated the availability of hydrocarbons for biodegradation. A difference was noted in the microbiome between E. crassipes and P. stratiotes. Changes in the composition of microbial communities highlight the potential of E. crassipes and P. stratiotes as rhizospheric hosts for microorganisms in the phytoremediation of water bodies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences is the property of Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences Editorial Office and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Present study attempts to study the impact of Serlui-B hydroelectric dam on water quality ('water-energy nexus') of a Himalayan river and to devise possible phytotechnology for heavy metals remediation. Physico-chemical characteristics of water were analyzed using 'American Public Health Association (APHA)' methods while Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer (AAS) was used for estimation of heavy metals. To this end, concentrations of Fe and Ni were recorded above permissible limit which can impose public health risks. Therefore, phytoremediation experiments were performed by using Pistia stratiotes L. (water lettuce) and effects of Fe and Ni concentrations (1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 mg/L) on photosynthetic pigments were observed. Phytoremediation investigations using 24 aquaria (of 40.5 L) revealed that P. stratiotes was an effective hyperaccumulator of Fe and Ni with maximum removal efficiency of 96.2% and 92%, respectively. In relation to bioaccumulation indices, the bioconcentration factor (BCF) values decreased with increase in Fe and Ni concentrations, whereas the translocation factor (TF) was noted higher at low concentrations and vice versa. Furthermore, the total chlorophyll content and carotenoid levels in P. stratiotes demonstrated negative significant correlation with the rise in Fe/Ni concentrations that may be considered as an adaptive biochemical strategy to mitigate metals induced oxidative stress. The present study can further be extrapolated to field phytoremediation for ameliorating both physico-chemical and metallic contaminants. Last, the role of microbial biodiversity associated with P. stratiotes should be elucidated in future to help achieve SDG 6 and environmental sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The phytoremediation potential of floating aquatic plants to accumulate and remove two common PFAS from contaminated water was investigated. Free-floating hydrophytes Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes were grown in water spiked with 0.5, 1, or 2 ppm perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) or perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) for seven days. Both species were able to accumulate PFOA and PFOS in this time frame, with translocation factors (TF) ranging from 0.13 to 0.57 for P. stratiotes and 0.18 to 0.45 for E. stratiotes, respectively. E. crassipes accumulated a greater amount of PFOA and PFOS than P. stratiotes, with 178.9 ug PFOA and 308.5 ug PFOS removed by E. crassipes and 98.9 ug PFOA and 137.8 ug PFOS removed by P. stratiotes at the highest concentrations. Root tissue contained a higher concentration of PFOA and PFOS than shoot tissue in both species, and the concentration of PFOS was generally significantly higher than PFOA in both E. crassipes and P. stratiotes, with concentrations of 15.39 and 27.32 ppb PFOA and 17.41 and 80.62 ppb PFOS in shoots and roots of P. stratiotes and 12.59 and 37.37 ppb PFOA and 39.92 and 83.40 ppb PFOS in shoots and roots of E. crassipes, respectively. Both species may be candidates for further phytoremediation studies in aquatic ecosystems. This study investigates the feasibility of using wetland plants for the phytoremediation of PFAS. Prior published studies examine various plant interactions with PFAS but do not evaluate remediation potential of P. stratiotes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Agronomía Colombiana is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic disorder that has a significant impact on the quality of life and health. This condition is indicated by high blood glucose or hyperglycemia. Alpha-glucosidase is an important enzyme during carbohydrate digestion to obtain monosaccharides such as glucose. This study aimed to investigate the alpha-glucoside inhibitory activity of polysaccharides from water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) leaf with different extraction methods. The leaf was extracted by hot water extraction (HWE) and ultrasoundassisted extraction (UAE). The total sugar, crude fiber, and alpha-glucosidase inhibitory activity were analysis by in vitro, then an independent-sample t-test was used to analyze the statistically different. The UAE method showed a high yield of crude extract than the HWE method. However, the total sugar of HWE is higher than UAE, whereas no different of crude fiber level. The extract from the HWE method more effectively inhibits the alpha-glucosidase activity when compared to UAE. Therefore, hot water extraction is the suitable method to extract polysaccharides from a water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) leaf. This condition also indicated polysaccharides extract potential to develop as an antidiabetes agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tailing land reclamation aims to improve the environment so that the tailing areas become productive for crop cultivation. The research was carried out in the tailings area of Mile 21.5 Timika from March to September 2022. The research aimed to study the dosage levels of Pistia stratiotes composts as an ameliorant to support the growth and yield of chili cultivated in the fresh tailings area. This study was laid out in a randomized block design with the Pistia stratiotes compost as a treatment, which consisted of PS1 = 1 kg/plant, PS2 = 2 kg/plant, PS3 = 3 kg/plant, and PS4 = 4 kg/plant in 6 replications. Based on the results, there was a significant effect of Pistia stratiotes compost on the growth and yields of chili. PS4 treatment produced the highest growth (plant height and leaf number) and highest yields (fruit number/plant, fruit weight/plant, fruit weight/plot, fruit weight/ha), while PS1 produced the lowest growth and yields. Chili produced 4.19 t/ha by PS4, indicating a high yield potential when tailings turned into a more stable growth media over time. There was a significant correlation between plant height and leaf number with the fruit weight. This shows that the vegetative growth component is closely related to increased chili yields. The high heritability value indicates the genetic factor influenced the growth and yields of chili more than the environmental factors. The metal contents in the chili fruit tissue are below the threshold level. The findings of this study emphasized the appropriate reclamation approaches using Pistia stratiotes compost as an ameliorant, which effectively improves the quality of tailing as growing media to maximize chili yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was conducted to investigate wastewater phytoremediation under different conditions. We examined the potential of Lemna minor and Pistia stratiotes in two proposed models in natural and artificial plant environment conditions and in previous studies (laboratory pilot-scale study). Before and after treatment, heavy metals, physical and chemical characteristics of wastewater and removal efficiency were analyzed. The results showed that in artificial conditions, Lemna minor reduced pollutants with efficiencies ranging from 90.3 to 98.06% for biological oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total dissolved solids, salinity, conductivity, turbidity, total phosphorus, and total nitrogen, with an increase in saturated oxygen concentration of 82.9%. In natural conditions, the reduction efficiencies ranged from 55.9 to 89.9%, with an increase in saturated oxygen concentration of 67.2%. Conversely, in artificial conditions, Pistia stratiotes achieved removal efficiencies ranging from 93.2 to 98.9%, with an increase in saturated oxygen concentration of 83.6%. Efficiencies ranged from 70.1 to 91.9% in natural conditions. Similarly, the percentages of metals removal by Pistia stratiotes ranged from 71.4 to 97.8% for Fe, Ni, Pb, Cd, Zn, Co, and Cu in artificial conditions and from 37.9 to 79.8% in natural conditions. In addition, metal removal percentages by Lemna minor ranged from 89.6 to 96.4% in artificial conditions and from 27.9 to 60.1% in natural conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: Even though oxidative and inflammatory bursts are a big part of renal reperfusion injury (RI/R), Pistia stratiotes (PS) has been used for a long time to stop these overreactions. People have said that it can drop both blood sugar and cholesterol. Hence, the goal of this study was to show how PS changed kidney reperfusion damage in both diabetic and normal rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In the study, 30 min of renal ischemia (RI) was followed by 1 h of recovery for each rat. Before the test, PS (100 mg/kg p. o.) was given to the animals for 7 days. Then, using the mixture from the separated kidney tissues, the antioxidant, inflammation, and histopathological effects were determined. RESULTS: When compared to RI/R, diabetic rats given PS had lower blood sugar, aspartate aminotransferase, blood urea nitrogen, and creatinine, myeloperoxidase, C-reactive protein, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha levels in their urine. CONCLUSION: PS potentially worked in hyperglycemic rats protecting them against RI/R. It is possible that PS's ability to protect the kidneys of the test rats is due to its ability to fight free radicals, lower blood sugar, and stop inflammation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pistia stratiotes L. is an invasive floating plant that alters native habitats in Florida by forming thick mats that shade out submerged vegetation and obstruct navigation. Multiple genotypes of this plant have been identified from locations across its native and adventive ranges including types from throughout the Americas, the Caribbean, Asia, and Australia. We investigated the performance of a known monophagous insect, Lepidelphax pistiae, on nine P. stratiotes haplotypes (from four clades) in no-choice experiments and found that while L. pistiae performance varied on different haplotypes, there was considerable overlap in fitness and impact among haplotypes. Lepidelphax pistiae did not distinguish between purported 'native' and 'non-native' haplotypes and did not perform better or cause more damage to South American haplotypes specifically, which would have supported its utility as a biocontrol agent on the exotic haplotypes found in Florida. While L. pistiae is monophagous on P. stratiotes, it was not specific enough to differentiate consistently among the tested haplotypes and thus, may not be suitable as a biological control agent because of the potential threat they pose to native haplotypes of P. stratiotes in Florida. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental pollution and degradation caused by the processing and refining of crude oil has been on the increase since its discovery in the Niger Delta region of Nigeria. Its negative impacts are unquantifiable though its refined products are of immense benefits to the nation and the world at large. An assessment of the performance of Pistia stratiotes as affected by the water soluble fraction of Universal Energy Akwa Ibom crude oil was carried out in Abraka, Delta State, Nigeria in 2023. The five levels of WSF (0, 10, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) were used. Pistia stratiotes thalli were obtained from below the Bridge along River Ethiope and exposed to the different treatments. The results showed a significant reduction (p≤0.05) in all the plant parameters measured (leaf area, plant number, fresh weights, dry weight biomass, relative growth rate and survival percentage) in plants grown in the WSF media when compared to their counterparts exposed to the control plots. Against the normal healthy plants observed in the control, signs of dieback, yellowness of leaves, suppress growth and deaths were observed in plants subjected to the water soluble fraction of the crude oil and the effects were WSF dose dependent. There was gradual reduction in the shoot biomass of the plant with increasing level of WSF. There is a gradual increase in the root biomass although there was a total root growth. The study has established that the performance of Pistia stratiotes was significantly affected by the presence of water soluble fraction of crude oil. The study has great implication on water biology and food security. Continuous environmental monitoring and remediation exercises should be conducted in oil producing communities by the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the burgeoning population, the community activities, such as laundering, washing, or even bathing, have expanded along the irrigation canal. Consequently, some chemicals from those activities are released and pollute the water body. Besides, the discharge of wastewater into the irrigation system is also an issue of public health concern, because it creates an environment conducive to the reproduction of any pathogenic agent. Using candung as constructed wetlands (CW)-like to treat the irrigation water in rice paddies would be an interesting tool for removing pollutants from the irrigation water. Candung, as a locally used CW in Bali Island, has been applied in the rice field long time ago. The present study aimed to examine candung as a local attached CW or treating irrigation water and analyse the community awareness regarding the candung application. The result showed a positive effect of candung in maintaining the water quality parameters, such as TSS, BOD, COD, and nutrients with certain aquatic plants (Nelumbo nucifera, Nymphaea tetragona, and Pistia stratiotes). The knowledge, behaviour, and action of the local subak community were still limited, whereas they had positive perceptions and responses about candungthe potential of candung as an agrotourism attraction in the village as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is a metabolic disorder disease and excessive fat accumulation. Synthetic antiobesity (antihyperlipidemic) drugs are considered to cause some side effects. Therefore, the investigation of novel antiobesity agents, with less adverse effects, is a major challenge in the future research, such as from plant extracts. Thus, this research aimed to investigate the antihyperlipidemic of purified polyphenol from water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) extract. The research was conducted using crude and purified extracts of water lettuce. The purification process was performed by solid-phase extraction by using a HyperSep Retain PEP cartridge. The qualitative analysis of bioactive compounds (flavonoid, alkaloid, terpenoid, tannin) and quantitative analysis of lipase inhibition were conducted in the laboratory. The results showed that flavonoid, alkaloid, and tannin were increased after the purification process, whereas triterpenoid was reduced. The stretching of a polymeric hydroxyl group (O-H) and H-bonded stretching at 3382.36 cm-1 (crude extract) and 3399.25 cm-1 (purified extract) indicate present of phenol in the extracts. The inhibition of lipase enzyme also increased from 37.50% (crude extract) to 72.50% (purified extract). Therefore, purified polyphenol compound from water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) extract is the potential agent as antihyperlipidemic agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was performed to evaluate the impact of microplastics and heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni) on sediments, water, aquatic plants (Pistia stratiotes, Alternanthera philoxeroides, and Ipomoea carnea), and fish (Labeo rohita) samples collected from five different sites in the Bajwat wetlands in Sialkot, Pakistan. The concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Cr were above the permissible limits devised by WHO in all the ecosystem components (i.e. sediments, water, plants, and fish) at all sites. The maximum amount of microplastic particles (2317 microplastic particles per kg of sediments) was recorded at Site 1. The filaments were the most commonly found type of microplastics. Plants and fish samples also showed considerable concentration of metals. The multivariate statistical analysis revealed anthropogenic sources of elevated concentrations of metal elements which could cause adverse biological effects in the ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a source of xylan, lignocellulose waste such as wheat bran and aquatic weed Pistia stratiotes were employed, together with potassium nitrate as a nitrogen source, which were optimized using the Box- Behnken design to increase the production of xylooligosaccharides. The yield of xylooligosaccharides increased to 2.05- fold in the optimized medium than non-optimized medium. The produced xylooligosaccharides showed a peak at 890-900 cm-1 confirming the presence of β-glycosidic linkages when detected by Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT IR). The prebiotic effect of produced xylooligosaccharides was studied on two strains named Lactococcus lactis Cl MN515342 and Lactococcus lactis Cp MN515343 isolated from curd samples. The growth of these Lactococcus strains was found to be stimulated. A log Colony Forming Unit/ml value of 7.813 and 8.146 for Cp and Cl was observed in a medium incorporated with XOS. The Short-Chain Fatty Acid (SCFA) production by Lactococcus lactis in a medium incorporated with xylooligosaccharides was detected by GCMS. The use of lignocellulosic waste for the production of xylooligosaccharides reduces the production cost. The xylooligosaccharides produced by Massilia timonae has shown promising result in stimulating the growth of Lactococcus lactis. Thus, XOS can be incorporated in curd or Yoghurt along with the Lactococcus lactis and used as synbiotic food. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Environmental pollution due to industrial activities has been reported since 1760, dating back to the first industrial revolution. One industrial activity that has led to major environmental degradation is coal mining, which can pollute surface and underground water due to acid mine drainage (AMD). Phytoremediation is low-cost, applicable, environmental, and does not generate other waste materials. In this research, we analyze the utilization of Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes for AMD treatment. The results indicated that the AMD initially contained Fe, Mn, Al, Ca, and Mg. E. crassipes successfully reduced these contents by up to 69%, while P. stratiotes removed up to 62%. A cost analysis for phytoremediation of AMD is designed in terms of two schemes, with 4298 USD for the first scheme and no cost in the second scheme. The post-harvest potential, future research directions, and bibliometric analysis are also discussed. Overall, the results of this study indicate that P. stratiotes and E. crassipes are plants with great potential for AMD phytoremediation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The wastewater ensuing from public eateries is higher in its chemical and biological oxygen demand (COD and BOD) as also its oil, grease, and protein content than sewage. For this reason such wastewater is much harder to treat; its content of fats, proteinaceous material, and xenobiotics mounting major challenges. But in most of the developing world about 80% of such wastewater is discharged untreated and the remaining is mixed with sewage going to the treatment plants. This happens due to the prohibitively high cost of treatment that is entailed if these wastewaters are to be treated by conventional activated sludge processes (ASPs) or a combination of anaerobic digestion and ASPs. The practice of allowing eatery wastewater to join sewage en route sewage treatment plants increases the load on the latter, especially due to the high fat and protein content of the former. The present work describes attempts to use the recently developed and patented SHEFROL® technology in affecting treatment of wastewater coming from a typical eatery. After establishing feasibility at bench scale, the process was tested in a case study at pilot plant scale for treating 12,000 litres/day (LPD) of wastewater being generated by the eateries situated in the campus of Pondicherry University, India. The capacity of the pilot plant was then expanded to 30,000 LPD. Despite operating the units at a very low hydraulic retention time (HRT) of 2 ± 0.5 h, due to the limitations of land availability, which translates to a rate about three times faster than a typical ASP, over 50% removal of COD and BOD, and similarly substantial removal of other pollutants was consistently achieved. Given that the SHEFROL units can be set up at a negligible cost, the findings indicate that SHEFROL technology can be used to significantly yet inexpensively pre-treat eatery wastewaters before either sending them for further treatment to conventional sewage treatment plants, higher-end SHEFROL units, or discharging them directly if neither of the other two options is available. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The highest waste generated in Malaysia is composed of municipal solid waste, which is mainly managed by landfilling. Heavy metals in leachate generated from landfill could have caused hazardous effects to human and environment. EAPR has been increasingly applied to treat soil and wastewater. This technique serves as a potential tool for remediation of real leachate. Metals (Mn, Cd, Fe, Ni, Pb, Zn) uptake by Pistia stratiotes were evaluated via flame atomic adsorption spectrophotometer. Pb and Fe could be the elements that were more efficiently removed by P. stratiotes in the EAPR system. The removal efficiency was 59.86 ± 9.98 and 56.56 ± 18.08% for Pb and Fe, respectively. EAPR significantly reduced the BOD (9.37 ± 2.36 mg/L), color (120.00 ± 5.77 PtCo), and turbidity (25.50 ± 11.96 NTU) of synthetic leachate. An obvious accumulation of heavy metals was observed at roots based on BCF and TF values. BCF values of Pb (18,999.06 ± 8,321.76) and Fe (16,090.81 ± 5,844.36) in the EAPR system were more than 103, which indicates that P. stratiotes is a hyperaccumulator. Further study on the upregulated genes is needed to comprehend the molecular basis of heavy metal stress tolerance. EAPR greatly reduced heavy metals, BOD, color, and turbidity of synthetic leachate. The use of water lettuce in EAPR could be another plant alternative for potential remediation of real leachate which is extremely difficult to be treated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pistia stratiotes can not only effectively remediate eutrophic water, but also displays strong absorption and bioaccumulation abilities for heavy metals. However, it has not been well-understood how the plant resists the combined stress of heavy metals. In these experiments, the morphophysiological traits, the ascorbate-glutathione (AsA-GSH) cycle, the glyoxalase system, and the contents of zinc (Zn) and cadmium (Cd) were investigated under Zn and Cd co-pollution. The AsA-GSH cycle and glyoxalase system could coordinately alleviate the oxidative and carbonyl stress, which was identified as an important tolerance mechanism. With Zn50Cd1, Zn50Cd10, Zn100Cd1, and Zn100Cd10 treatments for 18 days, 90.75–93.69% of Zn and 88.13–96.96% Cd accumulated in the roots. Treatments with Zn50Cd50, and Zn100Cd50 for 18 days resulted in a decrease of stress tolerance and chlorophyll content in leaves, an increase in plasma membrane permeability, a massive accumulation of methylglyoxal (MG), and visible toxic symptoms. Additionally, the bioaccumulation factor (BCF) for roots and shoots and the translocation factor (TF) were >1, and the content of Cd in shoots was no <100 mg·kg−1. This indicated P. stratiotes was a Cd hyperaccumulator and have great potential for the phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated water. Novelty statementPistia stratiotes, a cadmium hyperaccumulator, has great application potential for the phytoremediation of zinc and cadmium co-polluted water. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pistia stratiotes (Araceae), commonly referred to as water lettuce, is one of the most notorious weeds that cause severe damage to the economy and natural ecosystems of infested areas. In order to explore the mechanism of its rapid invasion, here, we assembled a high‐quality chromosome‐level genome for P. stratiotes based on the Illumina sequencing, PacBio sequencing, and Hi‐C scaffolding technology. The assembled genome is 311.87 Mb in size with a contig N50 of 1.08 Mb. The contigs were further anchored on 14 pseudochromosomes with a scaffold N50 of 21.21 Mb. A total of 20,356 protein‐coding genes were predicted, of which 79.35% were functionally annotated here. Evolutionary analysis showed that P. stratiotes and Colocasia esculenta were clustered together as sister lineages that diverged approximately 61 Ma. The synteny analyses indicated that two whole‐genome duplication (WGD) events occurred within a short period in P. stratiotes. Moreover, comparative genome analysis indicated that the expansion of gene families corresponding to disease resistance might contribute to rapid invasion in P. stratiotes. Also, we analysed the disease‐resistance gene family (NBS‐LRR) involved in plant defence. A genome‐wide search in P. stratiotes genome identified 85 NBS‐LRR genes in this study. In conclusion, this study provides some new insights into the evolution of the invasive aquatic plant P. stratiotes. Our reference genome will also provide valuable resources for future invasion genomic research programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Agro-Environment Science is the property of Journal of Agro-Environment Science Editorial Board and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Understanding the origins and genetic relationships of invasive, non-native species is critical to informing conservation and management practices. Pistia stratiotes is one such species—a pantropical floating plant that is problematic in many regions of the world, including Florida, USA. Questions surrounding the origins of P. stratiotes populations in Florida and elsewhere prompted a molecular investigation using five chloroplast and one mitochondrial DNA sequences. A total of 154 samples were collected from 14 countries. The sequence data was analyzed using haplotype network analysis, maximum likelihood phylogenetics and species delimitation tools. These data show that P. stratiotes comprises a minimum of seven distinct haplotypic clades worldwide, three of which differ enough to likely represent different species. Florida, which was more heavily sampled than other regions of the world, contains four of the clades—one of which shows evidence of being pan-Caribbean with sufficient variation to suggest regional (including Florida) nativity. A second clade, present in the U.S. Gulf States and California, may be native within this range, however more sampling is needed to fully describe its distribution and nativity. Another clade, predominant in southern Florida and the St. Johns River, likely originated in South America. Results are discussed in the broader context of the effects of cryptic species on weed management, including biological control efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecno-Lógica is the property of Tecno-Logica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Indonesian Fisheries Processing Journal / Jurnal Pengolahan Hasil Perikanan Indonesia is the property of IPB University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aims at determining the optimal conditions for pollutants removal in wastewater using Eichhornia crassipes (E. crassipes) and Pistia stratiotes (P. stratiotes) as appropriate aquatic plants for a post-treatment by phytoremediation. From factors such as residence time, plant density and initial PO43− concentration, four responses, i.e. the removal efficiency of PO43−, NO3−, NH4+ and the chemical oxygen demand (COD) were followed, using complete factorial design. After validation of the regression models by the statistical analyses, optimal conditions were obtained by using the global desirability function. Global desirabilities of 0.96 and 0.97 were respectively obtained for E. crassipes and P. stratiotes, for a residence time of 30 days, a plant density of 60 feet/m2 and an initial PO43− concentration of 10 mg/L. Using E. crassipes, this corresponds to the elimination of 94.2% of PO43−; 93.3% of NO3−; 95.0% of NH4+ and 63.6% of COD. In the case of P. stratiotes, 93.9% of PO43−; 83.4% of NO3−, 99.5% of NH4+ and 84.4% of COD were removed. Finally, under the used conditions, E. crassipes are able to better eliminate phosphorus and nitrates, while P. stratiotes are very effective in removing NH4+ and COD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The freshwater plant water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) grows in warm climatic zones and is used for phytoremediation and biomass production. P. stratiotes belongs to the Araceae, an ecologically and structurally diverse early monocot family, but the phylogenetic relationships among Araceae members are poorly understood. Ribosomal DNAs (rDNAs), including the 35S and 5S rDNA, encode the RNA components of ribosomes and are widely used in phylogenetic and evolutionary studies of various plant taxa. Here, we comprehensively characterized the chromosomal locations and molecular organization of 35S and 5S rDNA genes in water lettuce using karyological and molecular methods. Fluorescence in situ hybridization revealed a single location for the 35S and 5S rDNA loci, each on a different pair of the species' 28 chromosomes. Molecular cloning and nucleotide sequencing of 35S rDNA of P. stratiotes , the first representative Araceae sensu stricto in which such a study was performed, displayed typical structural characteristics. The full-length repeat showed high sequence conservation of the regions producing the 18S, 5.8S, and 25S rRNAs and divergence of the internal transcribed spacers ITS1 and ITS2 as well as the large intergenic spacer (IGS). Alignments of the deduced sequence of 18S rDNA with the sequences available for other Araceae and representatives of other clades were used for phylogenetic analysis. Examination of 11 IGS sequences revealed significant intra-genomic length variability due to variation in subrepeat number, with four types of units detected within the 35S rDNA locus of the P. stratiotes genome (estimated size 407 Mb/1C). Similarly, the 5S rDNA locus harbors gene units comprising a conserved 119-bp sequence encoding 5S rRNA and two types of non-transcribed spacer (NTS) sequences. Type I was classified into four subtypes, which apparently originated via progressive loss of subrepeats within the duplicated NTS region containing the 3' part of the 5S rRNA gene. The minor Type II NTS is shorter than Type I and differs in nucleotide composition. Some DNA clones containing two or three consecutive 5S rDNA repeats harbored 5S rDNA genes with different types of NTSs, confirming the mosaic composition of the 5S rDNA locus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, nine physicochemical parameters including dissolved oxygen, biochemical oxygen demand, chemical oxygen demand, total suspended solids, ammoniacal nitrogen, conductivity, temperature, pH and heavy metal contents from five sampling stations were measured to determine the water quality index (WQI) of the Klang River, Selangor, Malaysia. The WQI of the first and second sampling stations were classified as classes II and III, respectively. Biological analysis of total coliform and fecal coliform bacteria shows that three sampling stations were highly polluted with 17,500, 11,300 and 10,700 CFU/100 mL of these bacteria. The efficiency of phytoremediation in removing heavy metals (i.e. As, Cd, Cu, Mg, Fe, Pb, Zn and Hg) was determined using Pistia stratiotes and Lemna minor L. Phytoremediation using Pistia stratiotes was able to reduce the concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, Mg and Hg to 96.62%, 95.65%, 60.38%, 61.67%, 99.24%, 32.97%, 53.23% and 96.59%, respectively. Lemna minor L. was able to remove approximately 10.97%, 83.33%, 35.75%, 39.97%, 100%, 15.32%, 23.81% and 90.91% of As, Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn, Mg and Hg, respectively. Both plants were able to reduce the heavy metal contents in river water samples at the end of the treatment day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study was undertaken to determine the phytochemical screening and the antibacterial activities of Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) against some clinically isolated fish pathogens. Methods: The healthy and disease free plants samples were collected from Jebba Upper Basin of River Niger and tested for their antibacterial activities and phytochemical properties. Pistia stratiotes aqueous extract was extracted using sterile distilled water. The Agar diffused methods were used to determine the antimicrobial actions of the plant against fish pathogens of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Vibrio anguillarum. Results: The antibacterial investigation of aqueous extracts revealed the significant activity against these bacterial. Moreover, phytochemical examination of the crude extract showed the occurrence of saponins, alkaloids, tannins, anthraquinones, flavonoids, and catechins, which completely inhibited the growth of V. anguillarum and E. coli. However, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Aeromonas hydrophila exhibited moderate varying levels of resistance. Conclusion: The finding of this study showed that bioactive resistance from Pistia stratiotes can help disrupt the activities of various fish bacterial in aquaculture practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pollution of heavy metals in aquatic environments is a major concern for human beings. The present study demonstrates the phytoremediation potential of the aquatic macrophyte Pistia stratiotes for removal of Cr, Pb and Ni from simulated wastewater. Pistia stratiotes was grown in Faculty of Science & Natural Resources (FSNR) lake water and spiked with different concentrations of heavy metals at 1 mg/L, 2 mg/L and 3 mg/L of Cr, Pb and Ni, respectively. The experiment was conducted within a 14-day period in laboratory conditions. The study investigated the percentage of removal of heavy metals by P. stratiotes as well as determining the distribution of heavy metal patterns in plant tissues, the bioconcentration factor (BCF), translocation factor (TF) and relative treatment efficiency index (RTEI). The results showed that P. stratiotes is efficient in removing single Pb at 1 mg/L and 3 mg/L and single Cr at 1 mg/L, with a removal efficiency of 99.31%, 79.86% and 76.25%, respectively. It was found that P. stratiotes managed to concentrate Pb in its roots up to 15,000 mg/kg in plant tissue. Data on bioconcentration factor (BCF) showed that P. stratiotes managed to reach BCF values over 6,000 each for single chromium at 2 mg/L and lead at both 2 mg/L and 3 mg/L. It was found that the plant can consistently translocate nickel from the roots to the shoots, while chromium and lead tend to concentrate in the root tissues. The results revealed that P. stratiotes uses rhizofiltration as its phytoremediation uptake mechanism. This study helps significantly to increase knowledge regarding the potential of P. stratiotes in the phytoremediation of heavy metal-polluted wastewater. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effectiveness of four aquatic floating plants: Eichhornia crassipes, Pistia stratiotes, Lemna minor, Salvinia sp., and a submerged plant Hydrilla sp. on decolorization and detoxification of five structurally different textile dyes: CI Direct Blue 201 (DB 201), Cibacron Blue FR, Cibanone Gold Yellow RK, Vat Green FFB, and Moxilon Blue GRL were studied. The E. crassipes and P. stratiotes showed complete decolorization of all the dyes tested, while Salvinia sp. (79–86%), L. minor (16–24%), and Hydrilla sp. (6–13%) were recorded as the least tolerance for all the dyes even after 14 days of incubation. Therefore, E. crassipes and P. stratiotes were selected for further studies using DB 201 as the model dye. E. crassipes and P. stratiotes showed complete decolorization of DB 201 at 48 and 84 h of incubation, respectively, and decolorization was well effective in the pH range 6–9. The crude extract of intracellular enzymes obtained from the roots of E. crassipes (46%) and P. stratiotes (20%) showed significant involvement on decolorization of DB 201, compared with the activity of crude extracellular extract and isolated endophytic bacteria and fungi (p ≤ 0.05). Further, 18 and 22% of biosorption of DB 201 dye were recorded by E. crassipes and P. stratiotes, respectively, suggesting that decolorization mechanisms of DB 201 dye by E. crassipes and P. stratiotes were based on biosorption and intracellular enzyme activities. The FTIR spectra and seed germination assay confirmed biodegradation and detoxification of DB 201 dye by E. crassipes and P. stratiotes plants along with complete color removal. Thus, present study confers the potential applicability of E. crassipes and P. stratiotes plants for textile dye removal and release to the environment without further treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biogas is one of the practical vitality sources of energy that can be delivered from numerous sorts of biomass. Biogas production from fresh digestate bacterial crude culture; Providencia alcalifaciens and Alcaligenes aquatilis isolated from municipal wastewater treatment plants located in Port Said, Egypt and identified with 16S rRNA; amended with aquatic macrophytes; Pistia stratiotes and Potamogeton pectinatus, collected from some irrigation canals in Port Said, Egypt as a substrate in the presence of different concentrations of chemically prepared nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiONPs) subjected to anaerobic conditions were successfully investigated. The produced biogas was collected by the water displacement method and subsequently measured using GC/MS analysis. As found in this present work, the optimum NiONPs concentration was 2 ppm for biogas production, where the highest productivity was 42.90 mL and 31.33 mL/3.4 g of P. stratiotes and P. pectinatus with enhancing % 87.91% and 82.38%, respectively compared with the control (without NiONPs) at 30 days of incubation period. Biogas production was slightly greater using P. stratiotes than P. pectinatus particularly with the addition of NiONPs. The present examination may have a noteworthy task in the generation of reasonable biogas amounts utilizing monetary wellsprings of reusing the horrible water system trenches macrophytes and control of environmental defilement issues that may have come about in light of these unfortunate macrophytes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Aims Clonal plants dominate many plant communities, especially in aquatic systems, and clonality appears to promote invasiveness and to affect how diversity changes in response to disturbance and resource availability. Understanding how the special physiological and morphological properties of clonal growth lead to these ecological effects depends upon studying the long-term consequences of clonal growth properties across vegetative generations, but this has rarely been done. This study aimed to show how a key clonal property, physiological integration between connected ramets within clones, affects the response of clones to disturbance and resources in an aquatic, invasive, dominant species across multiple generations. Methods Single, parental ramets of the floating stoloniferous plant Pistia stratiotes were grown for 3 weeks, during which they produced two or three generations of offspring; connections between new ramets were cut or left intact. Individual offspring were then used as parents in a second 3-week iteration that crossed fragmentation with previous fragmentation in the first iteration. A third iteration yielded eight treatment combinations, zero to three rounds of fragmentation at different times in the past. The experiment was run once at a high and once at a low level of nutrients. Results In each iteration, fragmentation increased biomass of the parental ramet, decreased biomass of the offspring and increased number of offspring. These effects persisted and compounded from one iteration to another, though more recent fragmentation had stronger effects, and were stronger at the low than at the high nutrient level. Fragmentation did not affect net accumulation of mass by groups after one iteration but increased it after two iterations at low nutrients, and after three iterations at both nutrient levels. Conclusions Both the positive and negative effects of fragmentation on clonal performance can compound and persist over time and can be stronger when resource levels are lower. Even when fragmentation has no short-term net effect on clonal performance, it can have a longer-term effect. In some cases, fragmentation may increase total accumulation of mass by a clone. The results provide the first demonstration of how physiological integration in clonal plants can affect fitness across generations and suggest that increased disturbance may promote invasion of introduced clonal species via effects on integration, perhaps especially at lower nutrient levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Silica (Si) plays a significant role in alleviating the effects of biotic and abiotic stressors in many plants, especially in an agricultural context. With increased use of Si-based fertilisers, understanding plant responses to the addition of Si to their environment, particularly aquatic environments, is important. We investigated how two invasive macrophytes, Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes, responded to different nutrient and Si concentrations, in the presence and absence of herbivory. Both species incorporated Si into their foliage, but uptake of Si did not increase under high nutrient availability but rather decreased, especially in P. stratiotes. Plant quality (i.e. C:N) for both weed species was affected more by nutrient concentrations than Si content, and the addition of Si had a negative effect on plant growth. Eichhornia crassipes increased daughter plant production under high Si conditions, while P. stratiotes plants showed no reproductive response to increased Si except in low nutrient conditions where reproduction was reduced. The addition of Si resulted in increased biomass of E. crassipes, while P. stratiotes was unaffected. These results highlight that runoff of Si from fertiliser alter aquatic plant–insect interactions, which has consequences for biological control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Effective removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from sewage before its discharge to the receiving water body is now a key task for scientists and technologists around the world. The widespread problem of eutrophication in the watercourses as well as in the seas and oceans obliges to take actions leading to more effective protection of water resources and implementation of sustainable development principles. One of the methods of increased wastewater treatment from nutrients is the use of a third stage of treatment with the use of macrophytes for the uptake of nitrogen and phosphorus. These systems, called hydroponic, under moderate climate conditions show little effectiveness due to the lack of sufficient light intensifying the growth of aquatic plants. The aim of this study was to evaluate the reduction of biogenic compounds concentrations in wastewater where additional lighting of plants was provided by the use of LED (Light Emitting Diodes), in two different conditions of experiment: with aeration and with carbon dioxide supplementation. Analyses show that the effectiveness of purification was higher in the wastewater supplemented with CO2 and artificial lighting had no significant influence on the reduction of nitrogen forms concentrations. In wastewater with aeration, higher effectiveness of nitrogen removal was observed in the tank with artificial lighting. In both cases, aeration or CO2 supplementation as well as artificial lighting or its lack, had no influence on total phosphorus and phosphates removal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study was undertaken to determine the phytochemical screening and the antibacterial activities of Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) against some clinically isolated fish pathogens. Methods: The healthy and disease free plants samples were collected from Jebba Upper Basin of River Niger and tested for their antibacterial activities and phytochemical properties. Pistia stratiotes aqueous extract was extracted using sterile distilled water. The Agar diffused methods were used to determine the antimicrobial actions of the plant against fish pathogens of Pseudomonas fluorescens, Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi, Aeromonas hydrophila, and Vibrio anguillarum. Results: The antibacterial investigation of aqueous extracts revealed the significant activity against these bacterial. Moreover, phytochemical examination of the crude extract showed the occurrence of saponins, alkaloids, tannins, anthraquinones, flavonoids, and catechins, which completely inhibited the growth of V. anguillarum and E. coli. However, Salmonella typhi, Pseudomonas fluorescens, and Aeromonas hydrophila exhibited moderate varying levels of resistance. Conclusion: The finding of this study showed that bioactive resistance from Pistia stratiotes can help disrupt the activities of various fish bacterial in aquaculture practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytoremediation is a cost-effective and eco-friendly process to remove heavy metals from water. A small-scale experiment was conducted to determine the phytoremediation efficiency of two macrophytes, i.e. Pistia stratiotes and Eichhornia crassipes for the removal of chromium and copper from the prepared metal solutions of different concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8 mg/L) for a period of one month. Both aquatic macrophytes showed different efficiency for the removal and accumulation of Chromium (Cr) and Copper (Cu). The dry biomass of both macrophytes increased over the period of time. The average accumulation of chromium in roots and leaves of P. stratiotes was 85 mg, 56 mg and copper was 96 mg and 70 mg, respectively whereas the average accumulation of chromium in roots and leaves of E. crassipes was 90 mg, 53 mg and copper was 86 mg, 50 mg, respectively. Higher absorbance of metals was observed in roots as compared to the leaves of both macrophytes. The concentration of metals in the solution significantly decreased from day 1 to day 30. The results of one-way ANOVA showed that removal of Cr was significantly (p <.05) greater in E. crassipes and removal of Cu was significantly (p <.05) greater in P. stratiotes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bioaccumulation capacity of water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes) including heavy metals has been well documented. However, its bioaccumulative efficiency for Pb, Cd, and Pb + Cd mixtures in nutrient-poor media is neglected. Therefore, the present study was aimed to investigate the bioaccumulative efficiency of the water lettuce by evaluating the bioconcentration factors (BCFs) and goodness-of-fit to regression models. Plants were exposed to various concentrations of Pb, Cd, and Pb + Cd mixtures in tap water for 1, 4, and 7 days. Heavy metal accumulation in whole plant tissue was measured with ICP-MS. The highest bioaccumulation rate was recorded at 1 day exposure tests for both metals as 14.9 mg/kg for Pb and 2.21 mg/kg for Cd. The BCFs for Pb and Cd ranged between 0.13 and 2.39 and 0.08 to 1.24, respectively. The modeling of the BCFs and exposure duration indicate that all of the models developed were significant. The R2 values were higher for single metal exposure tests. The model fitted curves demonstrate the decrease in BCFs with increasing exposure duration in all groups. Our results indicate that water lettuce can be used to treat nutrient-poor media polluted with low levels of Pb, Cd, and Pb + Cd mixtures for short incubation periods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mosquito are well-known vectors that cause diseases particularly malaria and filariasis which are detrimental to human health. These vectors occur mainly in tropical countries where more than 2 billion people live in endemic regions with about one million deaths been claimed yearly from malaria and filariasis. The study is aimed at evaluating the larvicidal activity of Pistia stratiotes fractions on Anopheles mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae). The ethyl acetate extract of P. stratiotes was obtained through percolation process and was chromatographed to yield nine fractions. The larvicidal activity of each of the nine fractions was tested in triplicates by exposing the larvae to 500, 250, 125, 62.5 and 31.3 µg/ml, respectively. Phytochemical screening of the nine fractions revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, glycosides and phlobatannins in varying quantities. The result obtained shows that fraction E has the highest lethal effect on the Anopheles larvae at LC50 =14.81 µg/ml and was weakly effective at 602.03 µg/ml on brine shrimp larvae. The gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis of fraction E revealed the presence of 35 pre-cursor compounds. Hence, ethyl acetate fractions of P. stratiotes could be an effective larvicide against Anopheles mosquito larvae as it has been found to be harmless to other aquatic organisms. Further work should be done on other aquatic weeds that have larvicidal potential to isolate the bioactive compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the use of free floating aquatic macrophytes (Lemna gibba L., Lemnaceae. and Pistia stratiotes L., Araceae) for the treatment and purification of waste polluted water in a laboratory experiment. The results revealed that Lemna gibba L. has a higher removal efficiency reached to about 88 % for the tested heavy metals and phenol from the waste polluted water, while Pistia stratiotes L. has a removal efficiency reached to about 83% for heavy metals and phenol. They are considered good models in assessing Eco- toxicity and efficiency for toxins removal from polluted environment and wastewater purification and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, the effectiveness of water hyacinth and water lettuce was tested for the phytoremediation of landfill leachate for the period of 15 days. Fifteen plastic containers were used in experimental setup where aquatic plants were fitted as a floating bed with the help of thermo-pole sheet. It was observed that both plants significantly (p < 0.05/p < 0.01/p < 0.001) reduce the physicochemical parameters pH, TDS, BOD, COD and heavy metals like Zn, Pb, Fe, Cu and Ni from landfill leachate. Maximum reduction in these parameters was obtained at 50% and 75% landfill leachate treatment and their removal rate gradually increased from day 3 to day 15 of the experiment. The maximum removal rate for heavy metals such as for Zn (80–90%), Fe (83–87%) and Pb (76–84%) was attained by Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes. Value of bioconcentration and translocation factor was less than 1 which indicates the low transport of heavy metals from roots to the above-ground parts of the plants. Both these plants accumulate heavy metals inside their body without showing much reduction in growth and showing tolerance to all the present metals. Therefore, results obtained from the study suggest that these aquatic plants are suitable candidate for the removal of pollution load from landfill leachate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pistia stratiotes is a common aquatic plant of the northern region of the state of Rio de Janeiro, and its use as adsorbent material was studied in the present work. The preparation process included washing, drying, grinding, and acid activation. The sorption potential for removal of the indigo carmine dye from aqueous solutions was tested under various conditions, such as initial concentration, contact time, and temperature. The tests showed that the obtained biosorbent showed good performance for dye removal with a maximum capacity of 41.2 mg/g. The kinetic studies revealed that the pseudo-second-order equation provided the best fit of the experimental data. The Freundlich isotherm provided the best fit of the experimental sorption data for the system under study. The results obtained show that Pistia stratiotes has great potential to be used as biosorbent for the removal of dyes from aqueous solutions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aside from the ability of plants to remove domestic-industrial wastewater contaminants from various types of water, macrophytes can also serve as an alternative source of energy. The goal of the present study was to test the viability of biogas production using aquatic macrophyte species—Eichhornia crassipes and Pistia stratiotes—contaminated with cadmium (Cd) after the phytoremediation process. The plants were transferred to a nutrient solution contaminated with 0.8 mg L−1of Cd. The experiment was set up in a 2 × 3 factorial scheme with the presence or absence of Cd and three phytoremediation times (20, 40, or 60 days) using P. stratiotes followed by an additional treatment consisting of P. stratiotes + E. crassipes for 20 days. The acute and chronic effects of bioassays with the microcrustacean Daphnia similis were used to evaluate the ability of the macrophytes to remove toxicity by phytoremediation. The viability test of biogas production after phytoremediation was evaluated using micro-biodigesters. According to the results, at least 60 days of phytoremediation are necessary to remove/remediate the Cd present in the contaminated solution. The metal did not influence the macrophytes' methanogenic activity, showing that these macrophytes can be used for biogas/methane production. The combination of Pistia stratiotes with Eichhornia crassipes is a good alternative to reduce phytoremediation time, but for 20 days of testing, the presence of Eichhornia crassipes reduces the biogas production/CH4. However, it is believed that if the digestion time is extended, this effect can be minimized. The phytoremediation time indicated that Pistia stratiotes must remain at least 60 days to remove/remediate the Cd present in the contaminated solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present work is to estimate remediation potential of Pistia stratiotes, its ability to uptake mesotrione (MES) - one of the most frequently used herbicides, and its main degradation products: 2-amino-4-methylsulfonyl benzoic acid (AMBA) and 4-methylsulfonyl-2-nitrobenzoic acid (MNBA). This research focuses on model experiments performed under laboratory conditions. The results show that Pistia stratiotes can uptake up to 75% of degradation products from 1 L of surface water samples polluted with 0.4 µg/L of each analyte during 7 days without significant phytotoxic effect. Under the same experimental conditions, the effectiveness of mesotrione sorption is in the range of 42–58%. The phytotoxicity of this compound is higher in comparison to its degradation products (decrease of chlorophyll concentration in plant tissues exposed to MES 27–32% vs 4–13% in case of exposition to AMBA and MNBA). The adequate nutrition of the plants is crucial to their well-being and thus the sorption of pollutants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluates the use of free floating aquatic macrophytes (Lemna gibba L., Lemnaceae. and Pistia stratiotes L., Araceae) for the treatment and purification of waste polluted water in a laboratory experiment. The results revealed that Lemna gibba L. has a higher removal efficiency reached to about 88% for the tested heavy metals and phenol from the waste polluted water, while Pistia stratiotes L. has a removal efficiency reached to about 83% for heavy metals and phenol. They are considered good models in assessing Eco- toxicity and efficiency for toxins removal from polluted environment and wastewater purification and treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Phytoremediation by aquatic macrophytes is a promising technology with higher efficiency and no energy consumption. For this purpose, two macrophytes (Pistia stratiotes, Eichhornia crassipes), and an alga (Oedogonium sp.) were used to treat textile effluents rich in COD, BOD, dyes, and heavy metals (Pb, Fe, Cd, Cu). The aim of the study was to focus on comparative phytoremediation potential of these species by their metal removal capability. During 7 days experiment (day 0–day 6), the results showed that Oedogonium sp. was the best for COD removal and decolorization. Eichhornia crassipes was the best for BOD and heavy metal removal and proves more efficient than Pistia stratiotes and Oedogonium sp. However, Pistia stratiotes was found to accumulate more concentrations of Pb and Fe than Eichhornia stratiotes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluoride in ground water is a well recognized problem in different parts of the earth including India. Various physiochemical separation processes are available which are to be considered as environmental friendly. Phytoremediation technology reported in the literature as a sustainable and cost effective green technology and its availability is ubiquitous in India. An investigation was undertaken in Environmental Engineering laboratory, Jadavpur University Kolkata to examine the potential of Pistia stratiotes (water lettuce) for removal of fluoride from a real life groundwater samples collected from fluoride affected tubewell. The initial concentration of fluoride in ground water sample was found to be 8.12 ± 1.26 mg/l. The experimental result showed that for a biomass (Pistia stratiotes) of 80 g/L, 29.37% fluoride was removed after an10 days of exposure time following the pseudo first order reaction kinetics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper reports the heavy metal uptake by water lettuce (Pistia stratiotes L.) from paper mill effluent (PME) with its prediction modeling studies. Lab scale phytoremediation experiments were performed in glass aquariums to grow P. stratiotes in 0% (bore well water as a control), 25%, 50%, 75%, and 100% concentrations of PME. The influence of pH and heavy metal concentration in PME for the effective uptake and accumulation of heavy metal contents (∆Y: mg/kg) in plant tissues was modeled using two-factor multiple linear regression. The results showed that the selected input variables were supportive to develop prediction models with higher linear regression (R2 > 0.72), high model efficiency (ME: 0.92–0.99), low mean average normalizing error (MANE < 0.02), and statistically significant F > Prob values. Kruskal-Wallis one-way post hoc test indicated that the contents of Cd, Cu, Fe, Pb, and Zn in the roots, leaves, and whole plant were affected by PME concentration while the contents of Mn did not. The correlation studies showed that the bioaccumulation of heavy metals was found both element and PME concentration specific. This work represents an effective method to model heavy metal uptake by P. stratiotes from PME. Furthermore, this methodology can also be adopted for predicting effective metal uptake by plant species being used for the phytoremediation of heavy metals from industrial effluents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]