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Recently, the proteomic analysis has become an ideal tool to study the structure and function of platelets. We proposed a nano-liquid chromatography (nano-LC) technique coupled off-line with matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS) for rat platelet proteome analysis. In this study, we attempted to analyze the rat platelet proteome in two different subcellular fractions: cytosol and membrane. Platelet-rich plasma was collected from healthy rats. The platelet samples were extracted with Subcellular Proteome Extraction Kit to collect subcellular compartments. For further investigations, platelet lysate, cytosol and membrane fractions were used. Enzymatic digestion of proteins was performed using Filter Aided Sample Preparation method with trypsin as a proteolytic enzyme. Tryptic peptides were analyzed using nano-LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS. Platelet proteins identification was performed using the Mascot engine. We identified 238 proteins in the platelet lysate, 210 in the cytosol, and 148 in the membrane fraction. Among them, 45 were unique for platelet lysate, 55 for cytosol, and 34 for the membrane fraction. The gene ontology analysis showed that there were differences in the proteome of cytosol and membrane fractions related to the molecular functions, i.e. coagulative activity. Our results may suggest that the membrane or cytosol location of the proteins with coagulative activity may be responsible for the acute or delayed platelet response to an agonist. The nano-LC-MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS method can be used for identifying proteins of subcellular fraction in rat platelets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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A calibration procedure consists of several steps, each of which has a significant impact on the final result of the analysis. The preparation of standard samples for analytical calibration is a far more important step in the analytical procedure than it might seem. In this paper, we have discussed a new, innovatory calibration procedure, which is itself a development of one previously published by us concerning a calibration strategy in the determination of trace elements in rat brain tissues by the laser ablation inductively coupled plasma time of flight mass spectrometry (LA-ICP-TOF-MS) method. Moreover, the article has described an important step in the preparation of standard samples, which is both an innovation and exclusive to this work. The linearity of calibration function analysis is fully acceptable (for zinc R = 0.944 and for magnesium R = 0.989), and the applied calibration method, the conventional extrapolative method (CEM), known more generally as the "standard addition method", makes it possible to avoid interferents from the sample matrix. The results show the usefulness of the procedure developed in the presented analytical problem related to the analysis of solid biological samples. The developed research methodology enabled the preparation of distribution maps of zinc and magnesium in the rat's hippocampus, which is a frontier providing unique research in the pathophysiology of a rat brain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present study was to evaluate the toxicological influence of different concentrations of tobacco smoke and low-protein diet on fertility, reproduction, and survival of offspring of Wistar female rats. Westudied three generations, two litters in each. There were 192 animals in parent generation. Animals were exposed to three different concentrations of tobacco smoke that were reflected by the carbon monoxide (CO) concentration (500, 1000, and 1500 mg CO/m[sup 3] air) during 11 weeks (six before and two weeks during mating, and three weeks of pregnancy). Additionally,animals were divided into two subgroups that were fed normal or low-protein diet. In the present study, we concentrated on the indices describing the reproduction ability, fertility, and rearing of pups of mothers exposed to tobacco smoke. The parameters of newborns survival were estimated also. We concluded that neither tobacco smoke exposure nor the low-protein diet changed the duration of pregnancy. The tobacco smoke in all doses and low-protein diet had a negative influence on fertility, reproduction, and survival of newborns from exposed mothers. This influence was mainly attributed to the tobacco smoke exposure. The levels of carboxyhaemoglobin were increasing with increasing tobacco smoke concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The antiradical properties of hydrolysates and hydrothermal extracts of bivalve mollusks (Anadara broughtonii) from the Far Eastern Region of Russia and their influence on lipid oxidation in mayonnaise were investigated. The radical binding activity of hydrolysates and extracts of A. broughtonii varies from 55% to 89%. The maximum radical-binding activity was observed for acid hydrolysates. The antiradical efficiency of acid hydrolysates is 35%–41% of the BHT (butylhydroxytoluene) index. The antiradical activity depends on the (method of) technological and biotechnological processing of raw materials. Acid and enzymatic hydrolysates and hydrothermal extracts of A. broughtonii in mayonnaise slow down the process of oxidation of lipids and hydrolysis of triglycerides. Acid hydrolysates reduce the speed of oxidation and hydrolysis of lipids in mayonnaise more efficiently than the enzymatic hydrolysates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Rechtsmedizin is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)